1. Ask for common sense about lights and lighting

Lighting is a measure that uses various light sources to illuminate working and living places or individual objects.

The use of sun and sky light is called "natural lighting"; the use of artificial light sources is called "artificial lighting". The primary purpose of lighting is to create good visibility and a comfortable and pleasant environment.

Interior design lighting is the professional design of illumination, color temperature, color rendering index, etc. for various architectural environments. It must not only meet the indoor "brightness" requirements, but also play a role in setting off the environment and atmosphere.

Generally, the interior architect makes the request, and the electrical engineer performs calculations and adjustments. It also refers to the action of being illuminated by a light or the state of being illuminated by a light.

The art of using natural or artificial light in film shooting. Involving the use of lighting equipment, light design, on-site layout, determination of light position, light ratio, tone and light and shadow effects, lens lighting processing, etc., it is an indispensable means for photographers to create (see film plastic arts, film lighting fixtures ).

Lighting design should be people-oriented, but safety and practicality must first be considered, as well as illumination requirements, installation methods, maintenance methods, and finally combined with humanized creativity. A good lighting design must be Those who meet the above prerequisites have been explained in the lighting entry. For lighting design, please refer to the relevant literature on Jurassic lighting. Lighting is the use of artificial light or natural light to provide people with sufficient illumination (general lighting), or to provide good identification (road lighting, advertising signs, etc.), to emphasize features (architectural lighting, accent lighting, etc.), or to create a comfortable light environment ( Residential lighting, etc.), creating a special atmosphere (commercial stage lighting), and other special purposes (biochemical, medical, plant cultivation, etc.).

Lighting methods can be divided into: general lighting, zoned general lighting, local lighting and mixed lighting. Its application principles should comply with the following regulations: 1. When it is not suitable to install local lighting or the use of mixed lighting is unreasonable, general lighting should be used; 2. When a certain work area requires higher than general lighting illuminance, partitioned general lighting can be used ; 3. For places with high illumination requirements, low density of working positions, and where it is unreasonable to install general lighting alone, mixed lighting should be used; 4. Only local lighting should be installed in a workplace.

2. Ask for common sense about lights and lighting

Lighting is a measure that uses various light sources to illuminate working and living places or individual objects. Those that use the sun and sky light are called "natural lighting"; those that use artificial light sources are called "artificial lighting." The primary purpose of lighting is to create good visibility and a comfortable and pleasant environment. The lighting of interior design is the professional design of illumination, color temperature, color rendering index, etc. of various architectural environments. It must not only meet the indoor "brightness" requirements, but also play a role in setting off the environment and atmosphere. Generally, the interior architect makes the request, and the electrical engineer makes calculations and adjustments. It also refers to the action of being illuminated by a light or the state of being illuminated by a light.

The art of using natural or artificial light in filmmaking. Involving the use of lighting equipment, light design, on-site layout, determination of light position, light ratio, tone and light and shadow effects, lens lighting processing, etc., it is an indispensable means for photographers to create (see film plastic arts, film lighting fixtures ).

Lighting design should be people-oriented, but safety and practicality must first be considered, as well as illumination requirements, installation methods, maintenance methods, and finally combined with humanized creativity. A good lighting design must be If the above prerequisites are met, the relevant descriptions have been explained in the entry of lamps. For lighting design, please refer to the relevant literature on Jurassic lighting.

Lighting is the use of artificial light or natural light to provide people with sufficient illumination (general lighting), or to provide good identification (road lighting, advertising signs, etc.), to emphasize features (architectural lighting, accent lighting, etc.), Or means to create a comfortable light environment (residential lighting, etc.), create a special atmosphere (commercial stage lighting), and other special purposes (biochemical, medical, plant cultivation, etc.).

Lighting methods can be divided into: general lighting, zoned general lighting, local lighting and mixed lighting.

Its application principles should comply with the following regulations:

1. When it is not suitable to install local lighting or it is unreasonable to use mixed lighting, general lighting should be used;

2. When a certain job When the illumination intensity of the area needs to be higher than that of general lighting, partitioned general lighting can be used;

3. For places with high illumination requirements, low density of working positions, and where it is unreasonable to install general lighting alone, mixed lighting should be used. Lighting;

4. Only local lighting should be installed in a workplace.

3. Common knowledge about lamps

The official name of energy-saving lamps is rare earth three-color compact fluorescent lamps, which were born in the Netherlands in the 1970s by Philips.

This kind of light source only consumes 1/5 to 1/4 of the electricity consumption of ordinary incandescent lamps under the premise of achieving light energy output, so it is called an energy-saving lamp. Experts believe that my country's compact energy-saving lamp manufacturing technology has matured after 20 years of tempering and can fully meet consumer requirements.

As long as consumers choose truly high-quality energy-saving lamps, the result will inevitably be energy saving and money saving. So how to choose real high-quality energy-saving lamps? Here are a few tips: 1. Check whether there is a national inspection mark; 2. Look at the outer packaging of the product, including the product's trademark, power, markings, etc.

Wipe it with a soft wet cloth. If the mark is clear and distinguishable, it is qualified; 3. Check the service life. Qualified energy-saving lamps can be used for more than 5,000 hours in experimental conditions, and must reach more than 2,000 hours in normal use. If they fail to meet this standard, they are inferior products; 4. It depends on safety requirements.

During the installation and disassembly process, check whether the lamp head is loose, whether it is tilted, and whether it is insulated. In addition, it depends on whether the outer tube material of the energy-saving lamp is heat-resistant and fire-resistant, and whether the phosphor in the lamp is uniform.

If the ends of the lamp turn black without use, it is a substandard product. Another point is the price comparison. Generally speaking, due to special reasons in the manufacturing and production process of energy-saving lamps, the cost is relatively high.

If it is an energy-saving lamp that costs seven or eight yuan, it is likely to be an inferior product produced by a small factory. Generally, the price of domestic energy-saving lamps is more than forty or fifty yuan, and the imported ones are even higher. Ceiling lights, also known as ceiling lights, are widely used in foyers, hallways, kitchens, bathrooms, balconies, etc.

Ceiling lights are suitable for mid- to low-end and ordinary decoration matching. Lampshades are available in glass and PS boards, in milky white and ice flower styles, and in shapes including square, long, round, spherical, cylindrical, etc.

Lampshades are indeed an interesting topic. Ordinarily, there is already a layer of glass on the outside of the electric lamp, so there should be no need to add another layer of cover.

But in fact, there are more and more styles of lampshades. In order to emphasize lighting in a small area, a circular reflective cover is added to the back of the lamp, or a convex lens is installed in the front to become a spotlight.

In order to give people a splendid and gorgeous feeling, the lamp is surrounded by granular or strip-shaped crystals to refract the light repeatedly and become a decorative lamp. In order to make all the light refracted and give people a soft feeling, an opaque cylindrical lampshade was invented so that the light only illuminates the floor and ceiling.

In order to not only read under the lamp, but also provide indoor lighting with the light passing through the lampshade, an umbrella-shaped translucent lampshade was invented, making the lamplight bright and the surrounding soft. Therefore, when living at home, a little bit of warmth and a little bit of affection quietly emerge from the lights one by one.

Chandelier Chandeliers can be further divided into multi-head chandeliers and single-head chandeliers. The former is used in the living room and the latter is used in the bedroom or dining room. The lighting of the chandelier is mainly the lampshade.

The light passes through the milky white lampshade, making it soft and comfortable. If you turn the mask downward, let the light shine directly into the room, and it will look bright and bright.

With the cover facing upward, the light shines on the ceiling and then reflects down, making the light diffuse evenly, soft and pleasing to the eye. The multi-head chandeliers on the market are equipped with a variety of flower-shaped frosted glass covers, which can be divided into one layer and multiple layers. The colors include colorless and pure white, pink, light blue, light green, golden, milk white, and crystal. Lampshades for sale.

Single-head chandeliers are mostly made into a spherical or flowerpot shape.

Of course, there are also some more personalized chandeliers, such as an adjustable lifting chandelier. A large lampshade is made of glass and plastic. The light bulb is placed inside the cover. Because the lampshade has various colors, the light also changes. Often used to decorate above the dining table.

(Note: Based on experience, it is best for working-class people not to buy complicated chandeliers. First, they are not cost-effective, and second, they are very laborious to clean after they get dirty). Desk Lamp Desk Lamp, among the lamps used in the home, is the most varied and dynamic one.

Currently, there are mainly two types of desk lamps on the market: craft desk lamps and writing desk lamps. The craft table lamps currently on the market include ground glass, ceramic glaze, cloisonne and plastic spray products, etc., which emphasize artistic modeling and decorative effects.

Writing desk lamps include metal snakeskin tube work desk lamps, clip-type spring rocker arm suspension desk lamps, seat-mounted dimmable all-plastic desk lamps, seat-mounted dimmable enamel desk lamps, and copper base classic column troughs. Single porcelain shade desk lamp, trough-shaped double porcelain shade desk lamp, classical candlestick desk lamp, classical kerosene lamp desk lamp, double lamp head and mother-in-law glass desk lamp, etc., are used for reading and writing, and the lampshades are mostly opaque or semi-transparent light to concentrate the light. The biggest advantage of a table lamp is that it can be used as a home decoration, so the beauty of the lampshade should also be a criterion for your choice when purchasing.

Lamp Clothes Cloth lampshades are a more classic choice and have a charm that never fades. Fabric lampshades usually have a simple and elegant texture, and are transformed by pleating, piping, and engraving.

Lampshades made of translucent materials such as paper and glass also give the lamp a dreamy effect, making the scene romantic. Nowadays, some lampshades are made of aluminum, deliberately creating a cool and modern feel.

It’s also a fun experience. When selecting, cloth lampshades can be chosen between warm and cold colors due to seasonal changes, or the pattern lines of the lampshades can be selected based on your favorite visual effect.

For glass or paper lampshades, you may wish to consider changing the tone of the room through its color. When the light passes through the cover, it is immediately rendered into the same tone of red, blue, or yellow, making the place where you are located The space has various expressions of tranquility, clarity and mystery. Once someone applies translucent materials such as paper and glass to the lampshade, the lamp seems to be enchanted, creating a dreamlike atmosphere.

4. Knowledge about lamps

What is an incandescent lamp?

The incandescent lamp was the original electric light source, with some improvements, but this lamp is still using the basic technology of a hundred years ago.

The tungsten filament is placed inside a glass bulb, Electricity flows through a tungsten filament. The resistance of the filament causes it to heat up and become incandescent, or glow. Today's incandescent lamps use coiled filaments to increase efficiency and reduce heat loss. However, early light bulbs used vacuum technology to prevent the filament from combining with oxygen. Burned down, and now a variety of inert gas mixtures are used for the same purpose.

Characteristics of incandescent lamps

Incandescent lamps are the most commonly used electric light source at home. Low color temperature and high temperature Color Rendering Index Incandescent lighting emits warm light. In addition, incandescent lamps are cheap, can be controlled using inexpensive dimmers and come in a variety of sizes, specifications, and wattages. Unfortunately, incandescent lamps are Poor light efficiency. Because light is produced by heating solid materials until they emit light, most of the energy consumed by incandescent lamps is emitted in the form of heat energy, resulting in low performance per watt of luminous flux.

5. Tips for saving electricity

1. The plugs and sockets of household appliances must be in good contact to save electricity, otherwise it will increase power consumption and may damage the appliances.

2. Scale accumulation on the electric heating tube of the electric kettle must be eliminated in time to improve thermal efficiency, extend service life, and save electrical energy.

3. The room where the electric heater is used should be sealed as much as possible to prevent heat loss. The power should be turned off in time after the room temperature reaches the requirement.

4. When ironing clothes, it is best to buy a temperature-adjustable iron with a power of 500W or 700W. This kind of electric iron heats up quickly and automatically cuts off the power when it reaches the operating temperature, which not only saves electricity but also ensures the quality of ironing clothes.

5. If the fabrics of the clothes to be ironed are not exactly the same, you should iron the chemical fiber clothes with lower temperature resistance first, and then iron the clothes with higher temperature resistance after the temperature rises

cotton and linen fabrics. After a power outage, the remaining heat can be used to iron some chemical fiber clothes.

6. The power consumption of an electric fan is directly proportional to the fan blade speed. Under the premise of meeting the usage requirements, use medium and slow gears as much as possible. For example, for a 400mm fan, the power consumption is 60W in fast gear and only 40W in slow gear.

7. For air conditioners, it is appropriate to set the room temperature at 27 to 28°C. In addition, when turning on the air conditioner, close the doors and windows; regular cleaning of the dust filter can save

30% of electricity ; Do not start it frequently. After shutting down, you must wait 2 to 3 minutes before turning it on again.

Extended information:

(1) Saving electric energy, that is, saving the primary energy required for power generation, thereby saving energy across the country and reducing the intensity of energy and transportation. ;

(2) Saving electric energy means correspondingly saving the state’s infrastructure investment in power generation, supply and consumption equipment;

(3) Saving electric energy must rely on science With the advancement of technology, with the continuous adoption of new technologies, new materials, new processes, and new equipment, saving electricity will certainly promote the development and improvement of industrial and agricultural production levels;

(4) Saving electricity , relying on strengthening the scientific management of electricity consumption, which will improve business management and improve the management level of enterprises;

(5) Saving electric energy can reduce unnecessary electric energy losses, reduce electricity expenses for enterprises, and reduce Cost, improve economic benefits, so that limited electricity can exert greater social and economic benefits, improve power utilization, and make better use of power resources more effectively.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia - Saving Electricity

6. Tips on daily electricity use, how to truly save electricity

For many people, I have become a habit of turning off the lights at will, even when I go to the toilet, I have to turn off the lights in the bedroom, thinking that this will save electricity, is this really the case? For incandescent lamps, it is best to turn off the lights at will, which can not only save energy but also extend the life of the bulb. For energy-saving lamps, when you turn the lights on and off, the power produced by the energy-saving lamps in five minutes is at least 10 to 15 times the normal amount (because it takes at least five minutes for energy-saving lamps to stabilize, and the voltage is two to three times higher , the current has not been calculated), if you turn the lights on and off too frequently, your electricity bill in one hour may be more than your electricity bill in one night. Frequent switching of energy-saving lamps will also shorten the service life of energy-saving lamps. Generally speaking, the lifespan of energy-saving lamps promoted by the state is generally 5,000 hours. If the light is turned on for 8 hours a day, an energy-saving lamp can be used for more than two years. If it is turned on and off 6 times a day, the energy-saving lamp may only be used for For more than 3 months, plus the cost of hiring someone to repair it, I don’t know how many days the energy-saving lamp can be turned on continuously.

In daily life, electricity-saving knowledge is very important. For lighting fixtures, high-brightness, low-power energy-saving lamps should be used as much as possible; the main way to save power for power amplifiers is to reduce the volume, and the impedance of external speakers should not be too small. Avoid using multiple speakers together and reduce the load on the power amplifier as much as possible to save power and protect the machine. Turning the TV on at its brightest consumes 50% to 60% more power than at its darkest. The louder the volume, the more power it consumes. The larger the size, adjust the brightness and volume appropriately; be careful not to pile the food in the refrigerator too full or too densely, otherwise it will hinder the circulation of cold air and cause the refrigerator to not cool. There should not be too little food stored in the refrigerator. If there is too little food in the refrigerator, air conditioning will be lost and electricity will be wasted. Refrigerators should try to reduce the number of times and the time they open the door. Except for frost-free refrigerators, they should be defrosted in time. Pay special attention to regularly removing dust from the condenser to avoid affecting the cooling effect and wasting electricity.

7. What are the basic knowledge of lighting design?

I have already answered this question before.

Sun's Lighting Design would like to answer the question from another angle. This is information from a recruitment requirement:

1. Job Responsibilities of Lighting Designer

1. Responsible for the preliminary inspection and research of the project, fully communicate with the owner, and understand the project background, owner requirements, etc.;

2. Conduct overall planning for the project and conception;

3. Complete the design plan and be responsible for reporting, progress tracking, etc.;

4. Cooperate with technology to complete lighting fixture selection, lighting diagrams and node installation diagrams Drawing;

5. Complete lighting design and construction: on-site technical briefing work, and grasp the implementation of the overall design effect.

The above content is purely an excerpt, but I believe it is also a good answer to the original poster’s question. Of course, it goes without saying that basic knowledge about lighting fixtures (color temperature, illumination, luminous flux, beam angle, etc.)

Please adopt it if you are satisfied.

8. Looking for some knowledge about smart lighting systems

What is smart lighting?

Intelligent lighting refers to the intelligent lighting control system that communicates through wireless networks to achieve intelligent control of lighting equipment. After the lighting equipment is intelligently controlled, a variety of control methods have been expanded, such as PC, remote control, PDA, remote phone... etc., and it also has functions such as intensity adjustment of light brightness, light soft start, timing control, scene setting and other functions; And achieve the characteristics of safety, energy saving, comfort and efficiency.

Traditional lighting power supply control generally uses the main power supply to be divided into multiple distribution output lines through a distribution box to provide power for the lighting circuit. The switch panel connected in series in the lighting circuit directly switches on and off the power supply. Lines are used to control lights. The lights can only be turned on and off, without logical timing and bright and dark dimming control. Therefore, scenes and system control of various light brightness combinations cannot be formed.

The intelligent lighting system uses the main power supply through the programmable control module to output electricity for the lighting. The turning on, off, brightening and dimming of the lights are controlled by the programmable multi-function button panel. The control module and The key panels are connected to each other via a low-voltage control bus. There are microprocessors, memory and control bus interface circuits inside the control module and button panel. They work completely under low voltage conditions. All controllers and panels can control the brightness of each light circuit through programming, so Can produce different lighting scenes and system control effects. In addition, the communication function of wireless network allows people to control intelligent lighting systems through remote controls, computers, PDAs and other methods.

On the other hand, after presetting by the intelligent control system, the lighting system can work in a fully automatic state. The system will automatically switch between several preset basic states according to time sequence. For example, when a working day is over and the system enters the working state at night, it can automatically and slowly dim the lights in various public areas of the office building. At the same time, the system's motion detection function will also automatically take effect and clear the uninhabited areas. The lights automatically turn off and the lights in occupied areas are adjusted to the most appropriate brightness. Moreover, the system can also change the illumination of each area through the light sensing of the brightness sensor to adapt to the scene requirements of different occasions. For example, in places near windows, the system will make good use of natural light and dim the lighting; when the weather changes, the system will automatically adjust the lighting intensity to the most appropriate level.

The 2.4GHz T-bus intelligent lighting control system is the perfect integration of EIB bus technology, traditional intelligent control technology and 2.4G wireless network by Voltech, thus creating a complete separation of strong and weak electricity, safety, and System technology with no radiation and stable performance. Therefore, the 2.4GHz T-bus system can intelligently control lighting equipment in buildings, hotels, enterprises, institutions, homes and other places. The company's newly developed T-bus distribution box can expand the controllable power of the equipment and soft-start the equipment. It has a larger control range and stronger safety, and is very suitable for various large-scale intelligent lighting projects.

9. Knowledge about lamps

They can be divided into the following categories according to their positions.

1. Ceiling lighting

1. Chandelier

(1) Pole chandelier is a combination of dots and lines. The boom is divided into long and short. Long boom It highlights the contrast between the dots and lines of the pole and the lamp, giving people a sense of uprightness; the short pole highlights the shape and texture of the lamp itself;

(2) Chain chandelier is made of chains instead of straight poles. Suspender, this kind of lamp highlights the splendor and luxury of the entire room;

(3) Telescopic chandelier, which can be adjusted at will and is mainly used in restaurants or other special places.

2. Ceiling light

(1) Protruding ceiling light, the lamp has a base plate and is directly installed on the ceiling;

(2) Recessed ceiling light , embed the lamp into the ceiling;

(3) Projection ceiling light;

(4) Hidden ceiling light, only the light is visible, but not the ceiling light of the lamp. Usually they are light troughs.

2. Wall lamps

There are two types of wall lamps: wall-mounted lamps and cantilever lamps.

3. Desk lamp

Desk lamp is a household appliance used for lighting in people's lives.

It is generally divided into two types, one is the column type and the other is the clip type

4. Special lamps

Used in special parts or special Special-purpose lamps, such as wardrobe lamps, etc., in home decoration, the accessories of lamps are actually as important as the accessories of furniture, and even the lamps also play the finishing touch. In the conversation with the designer, it was mentioned in the early stage that it is not only the choice of materials, selected styles and furniture, but also the choice of lighting fixtures. However, how to choose a lamp that suits you among a wide variety of colorful lamps, the following four suggestions are put forward:

1. Whether the shape of the lamp is coordinated with the entire decoration style;

2. Whether the specifications, size, and scale of the lamps match the entire space;

3. Whether the craftsmanship, materials, and texture of the lamps help to increase the cultural and artistic temperament of the entire home;

[4] 4. Don’t blindly pursue luxury, but consider low price and high quality

10. Environmental protection tips related to lamps

4. Energy-saving tips for home lighting

(1) Try to choose efficient lighting fixtures

Under the premise of ensuring effective lighting and brightness, choose electric light sources and fixtures reasonably. Self-ballasted fluorescent lamps can be used instead of incandescent lamps. Double-ended fluorescent lamps replace thick-diameter double-ended fluorescent lamps. For example, a 5-watt self-ballasted fluorescent lamp can be equivalent to the brightness of a 20-watt incandescent lamp, and a 16-watt self-ballasted fluorescent lamp can be equivalent to the brightness of a 60-watt incandescent lamp.

(2) The installation height of the lamp must be appropriate

For example, if a 20-watt fluorescent lamp is installed one meter high, the illumination is 60 lumens; 0.8 meters high is 93.75 lumens; the height should be appropriately placed Lower it to reduce the wattage of the lamp.

(3) Make full use of reflection and reflection

If the lamp is equipped with a suitable reflector, the illumination can be increased, and the reflection of the indoor wall can increase the illumination by about 20%.

(4) Install dimming and energy-saving devices

If incandescent lamps are used in bedside lamps and living room ceiling lamps, dimming and energy-saving devices should be installed.

(5) Avoid long-lasting lights

Lighting in stairs, corridors, etc. should use sound and light control delay switches or turn off the lights promptly when people leave.

(6) When watching TV programs, turn on only the necessary lights

This can save energy and protect eyesight.

(7) Double-ended lights should use electronic ballasts and energy-saving inductive ballasts

Electronic ballasts themselves have low power consumption, only 4 watts, while conventional inductive ballasts The power consumption of the streamer itself is 9 watts.