The names of historical regions in Western Europe have different meanings in different historical periods. Refers to 17, 18 century, except Burgundy province, France has two kingdoms and one principality with other vast territories. Between the Jura Mountains and the southeast end of the Paris Basin, it is a passage between the Rhine, Seine, Loire and Rhone.

A Germanic Burgundy who settled in the Rhone River (now southeast France) in the southeast of Gaul in the 1950s and 1930s. Around 457 AD, the first Burgundy kingdom was established with Lyon, France as the center. At that time, the territory included the Rhone River basin in southeastern France and western Switzerland. In 532 AD, clothes belonged to the Frankish kingdom. After the division of the Frankish Kingdom in 843, Burgundy was divided into the Upper Burgundy Kingdom and the Provence Kingdom (also known as the Lower Burgundy Kingdom) located in the lower reaches of the Rhone River. Occupying the area east of the Rhone and Thorne rivers in southeastern France today. In 933, the two countries jointly established the second Burgundy Kingdom (Al), and 1033 was merged by the Holy Roman Empire. In 877, charles ii (Bald), the West Frankish Kingdom, established the Burgundy Principality in the present Burgundy area, and 136 1 year was incorporated into the territory of the French king. 1363, French king John II made him his son Philippe Lhadi. The descendants of Philip spread to Paris, Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg in various ways. Duke of burgundy Lhadi (1433- 1477) was one of the strongest rulers in Europe, and he competed with French king Louis xi. Charlie was defeated by the Swiss in 1476 and died in Nancy the following year. During the reign of King Louis Xi (1461-kloc-0/483), its principality was merged into France after the 1474- 1477 war.

The hometown of French wine: Burgundy

Burgundy is located in central France, including Codol, Thorne-Loire, Nevre and Johannes, with the Paris Basin in the northwest, the Central Plateau in the south and Dijon as the capital. It covers an area of 365,438+0,582 square kilometers, accounting for 5.7% of the French territory; The population is 1, 665,438+0,000 (1,990), accounting for 2.8% of the total population in China.

World-famous wine

Burgundy people are proud of it, and foreigners are also most fascinated by local wines. The whole sky over Burgundy is filled with the smell of wine. It can be said that Burgundy is a wine kingdom. From Chabli to Bona and Mason due south of Dijon, and then to Bonole due north of Lyon, the endless vineyards are the first thing you see.

Burgundy wine enjoyed a high reputation as early as ancient Rome. Charlemagne vigorously developed wine and began to grow grapes on a large scale to open the market. In 1930s, wines in Burgundy were classified, and then wines were allowed to be named after their places of origin, and grape growers were encouraged to use the names of their vineyards as trademarks for production and sales. So the best wines in Burgundy are named after local plantations.

Among Burgundy wines, white wine is usually dry wine, while red wine is full of sweetness. Among them, Chambel Dan is known as the "king of wine", while Homani Pandit is the "queen of wine".

In Burgundy, a wine culture with strong local characteristics has actually been formed. From Dijon to Rochebo, whether it is a castle or a private hotel, there are vineyards with their own characteristics on the colored roofs. One of the most famous is Bona's Hotel of God. In the wine culture of Burgundy, the workhouse, one of the most popular monuments, once played an important role. This courtyard was built in the15th century by Nicolas Roland, the French minister in charge of seals, Duke Philip of Burgundy and his wife, in order to provide a shelter for the poor. Today, it has become a museum. This tradition of helping the poor has been preserved to this day. From 1059, a grand charity auction is held every year in the harvest season, that is, on the third Sunday in June 1 1, and many famous actors come to join in the fun. At this time, all savvy wine producers will not miss this great opportunity to advertise. Therefore, the auction has actually become a wine culture festival.

For Burgundy people, wine is not only a culture, but also an excellent "ambassador". They attach great importance to the image of wine. Their wines will be kept in oak barrels for at least 16 months before they are taken out for people to taste. Burgundy wine is exported to all parts of the world. People learn about Burgundy through the mellow Burgundy wine. Italy, Chile, Britain and other countries imitate Burgundy to varying degrees. Napoleon's most attractive wine was produced in Burgundy, which of course further enhanced Burgundy's international reputation.

Colorful life scenery line

The most attractive place in this area is its colorful scenery and various lifestyles all year round. In addition to the beautiful glazed tiles in Burgundy, the gray slate in Molwyn is also quite distinctive. This kind of slate is pasted on the walls of houses in mountainous areas, which can resist the cold wind of the upper Lanshan Mountain at an altitude of 9 10 meters.

The outdoor activities in Burgundy are very colorful, but the most fascinating ones are fishing and rock climbing. There are always countless people fishing by the rapids of Gul River. But the best fishing spot is the Thorne River. Sharon on the River Thorne has at least 10,000 fishing enthusiasts, and there is also a fishing club that has won many French championships. This area has even become the fishing capital of Danshui River. There are also many people who like rock climbing, and the limestone cliff behind the hillside where grapes are planted is an ideal place for rock climbers.

Burgundy people like to eat strong food, such as grape cheese and wine. These foods are full of fragrance and mouth-watering before they are imported. Spicy food is also a pet of Burgundy people. Dijon is especially famous for producing spicy mustard and "red juice" all over the country. At the local banquet, the snail was followed by a dish-"boiled eggs in red wine", and the spice sugar bread was the first-class pork in Charolais. People chop it up with a knife and taste it carefully with thick mustard mixed with various spices. Burgundy beef stew with red wine is also one of the famous French dishes.

Although Burgundy is located in the middle of France, far from the sea, there is never a shortage of fish on the menu of the open-air restaurant here. In Verdun, there is a Provence special dish, which is fish soup boiled with garlic, saffron, olive oil and other condiments and water or white wine. Its taste is delicious and unique, and it is deeply loved by tourists.

Burgundy has been one of the pork supply bases in France for centuries. The local ham noodles have garlic paste and are decorated with red and green seasonings, which is very cultural.

The distinctive climate and soil conditions make Burgundy have many local characteristics. People can taste barbecue and vegetables in Molvan, and corn porridge and tortillas in Blaise. Among them, the most delicious ones are Brecey's blue-clawed white-Mao-Dan top chicken and Charolais mutton, which have been exported for more than 100 years and are now exported to 65 countries. In addition, Jean Macoun's "Shorts Button" (a kind of goat's milk that tastes better than cheese), the sweet Sito wine brewed by monks in the suburbs of Dijon, and the strong Perth wine brewed by Burgundy grapes are always memorable.

Ancient history, culture and art

Burgundy is rich in historical and cultural heritage. The castle here is especially charming. It was here that Wilson Torrix of Brackett Castle was declared the leader of Gaul. Today, this ancient castle is becoming a cultural attraction in Carte. Former French President francois mitterrand put forward a huge plan to rebuild Carte culture, including building a museum and a European archaeological center to bring together researchers from all over the world. After the implementation of this plan, Europe can be said to be the world castle tourism and research center.

Other historical sites in Burgundy also attract art lovers all over the world. For example, the Fontaine Monastery and Weizne Cathedral, which are listed as World Heritage by UNESCO, and the Benedictine Monastery in cluny, which was once the religious center of medieval Europe. All these buildings are just a microcosm of more than a dozen cultural and historical sites in this area. They have their own characteristics. Naville, the hometown of Duke Gonzag, is famous for its Italian pottery. Oszer is famous for its Gothic Cathedral and Saint-Germain Benedictine Church. Orton's pride lies in its Gaul and Roman history, and the triangular lintel on the cathedral built by Bertie in gissler. ...... Every province in Burgundy has its own characteristics, and every province has infinite charm. In the land of Jonah, the residents of San Fargo village get together every summer to perform a large-scale historical drama, which reproduces the history of the castle, that is, the period when the Duchess of Montpangil, the "big lady", was expelled from the palace for attending the aristocratic stone-throwing party (1652).

Edit the list of Burgundy rulers in this paragraph.

Burgundy dynasty

Richard of Otan (880–921)

Raul (92 1 year–923 years old)

"Black" in Fishing Songs

Gilbert of Salon (952–956)

Urdu in Paris (956 -965)

Henry the Great (965-1002)

Otto William (1002–1004)

1004, the Principality of Burgundy was merged by France.

Henry I (France) (1016–1032)

Cape dynasty

Robert I (1032–1076)

Yuge No.1 (1076–1079)

Edward I of England (1079–1103)

Hugues II (1103–1143)

Edward II (1143–1162)

Fishing Song III (1162–1192)

Edward III (1192–1218)

Yuge No.4 (1218–1272)

Robert II le Pieux (1272–1306)

Fishing Song V (1306–1315)

Edward IV of England (1315–1349)

Philip I (1349–1361year)

Valois dynasty

Philip II (Brave) (1364–1404)

Jean sans Peur (1404–1419)

Philippe III le Bon (Kindness) (1419–1467)

Bold Charlie (1467–1477)

Mary of Burgundy (1477–1482)

1477, the bold Charlie was killed in the battle of Nancy, leaving no male heir. The Principality of Burgundy was subsequently annexed by France. It was also in this year that Charlie's daughter Mary married the Austrian archduke Maximilian. This marriage gave the remnants of the Burgundy Principality known as the Burgundy Heritage of the Habsburg Dynasty, including the most important Dutch territory. Although Burgundy itself was actually under the control of the French royal family, the Habsburg dynasty continued to use the word "Burgundy" to refer to its controlled Burgundy heritage until the end of 18.

Edit this list of Burgundy kings.

Let's start with the division of the Frankish kingdom in 843 AD. After that, Burgundy was ruled by the rulers of Caroline family 879 years ago, and then began its own historical process. In 843 AD, the kingdom of Burgundy was divided into two parts by the bald Charlie and the emperor Lotell I, and the bald Charlie got a small part west of the Thorne River (later developed into the Principality of Burgundy), while lothaire got most east of the Thorne-Rhone River (later developed into the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy and Provence).

Carolyn dynasty

Lotell I (840-855), after his death, his territory was divided into three parts. His three sons, lothaire II, Charlie and Louis II, were awarded to lothaire, Provence (Lower Burgundy) and Italian Lingia (Lorraine) respectively.

Bald Charlie (843-877)

Lothaire II (855-869) acquired a small part of the northern part of his father's Burgundy territory.

Charlie (855-863), who acquired most of Burgundy.

After Charles' death, Louis II (863-875) acquired most of the territory of Provence.

Bald Charles (875-877), after the death of his nephew Louis II, acquired the Kingdom of Provence and the Italian Kingdom.

Louis (877-879), a stutterer, inherited the territory and throne of his father, bald Charlie.

In 879 AD, the king and Louis II's son-in-law Bosso opposed King Louis and declared Provence independent. In 888 AD, after the death of Fat Charlie, Upper Burgundy became independent under the leadership of Rudolph of the Wilf family. So Burgundy was divided into the Upper Burgundy Kingdom and the Lower Burgundy Kingdom (Provence Kingdom).

King of Provence

Boso (879-887), son-in-law of Emperor Louis II.

Louis III (887-928) was blind and the son of Bosso.

Hugo, son-in-law of Bosso (9 1 1-933). Louis III was blinded by the Italian King Belengel I, and took charge of state affairs as the largest aristocrat in the kingdom. In 9 1 1 year, he claimed to be a vassal of Provence. He invaded Italy around 926 AD and defeated King Rudolf II of Upper Burgundy to become the king of Italy. In 933, on the eve of Rudolf II's invasion, he made a compromise and handed over the Kingdom of Provence to the Kingdom of Burgundy. So the kingdom of Burgundy was unified. After reunification, Burgundy moved its capital to arles, the capital of Provence, so it was called the Kingdom of arles.

King of Upper Burgundy

Rudolph I (888-9 12), Earl of Osser. His father Conrad has great influence in Upper Burgundy. Therefore, after Fat Charlie was abolished in 888, Rudolph was elected king by the nobles.

Rudolf II (9 12-937), son of Rudolph I. During his reign, he merged Lower Burgundy and unified the Burgundy Kingdom.

Conrad I (937-993), son of Rudolf II. It can also be regarded as one of the longest reigning monarchs in European history, reigning for 56 years.

Rudolph III (993- 1032), son of Conrad. During his reign, the Holy Roman Empire coveted him. First Emperor Henry II, then Emperor Connard II. Finally, after Rudolf III died, the kingdom was merged by Emperor Conrad. This Conrad is the nephew of Rudolf III.

1032 The Kingdom of Al (Burgundy) was merged by the Holy Roman Empire. In A.D. 1378, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV handed over the kingdom of Al, which had been eroded by France, to France. So the Kingdom of arles was merged by the French until now. However, another part of the Ar kingdom, Savoy and Franche Conte, was later merged by the French. The last part of Lake Geneva eventually became part of the Swiss Confederation.