Definition editing
Corporate culture is the basic belief and cognition established by enterprises to solve the problems of survival and development, which is considered effective and enjoyable by members of the organization and followed by them. Corporate culture embodies the core proposition of corporate management and the resulting organizational behavior.
-"Ci Hai"
2 natural editing
Corporate culture is the business philosophy, business purpose, business policy, values, business behavior,
Social responsibility, business image, etc. It is the fundamental embodiment of enterprise personalization and the soul of enterprise survival, competition and development.
3 application editing
Corporate culture includes three levels:
(1) The superficial material culture is called the "hard culture" of an enterprise. Including factory capacity, factory appearance, machinery and equipment, product modeling, appearance, quality, etc.
(2) The institutional culture at the meso level includes the leadership system, interpersonal relationships and various rules and regulations and disciplines.
(3) The spiritual culture of the core layer is called "enterprise soft culture". Including various codes of conduct, values, corporate group consciousness, staff quality and fine traditions. It is the core of enterprise culture and is called enterprise spirit.
4 element editing
Deere and Kennedy summarized the whole theoretical system of corporate culture as five elements, namely, corporate environment, values, heroes, cultural ceremonies and cultural networks.
Enterprise environment refers to the nature, business direction and external environment of an enterprise.
corporate culture
, corporate social image, contact with the outside world, etc. It often determines the behavior of enterprises.
Values refer to the unanimous understanding of whether an event or an action is good or bad, good or evil, right or wrong, and whether it is worth emulating. Values are the core of corporate culture, and unified values enable members of the enterprise to have unified standards when judging their own behaviors, and use them to choose their own behaviors.
Hero refers to the core or personified figure of corporate culture, whose role is to act as a living example and provide an example for other employees of the enterprise, which plays an extremely important role in the formation and strengthening of corporate culture.
Cultural etiquette refers to all kinds of commendation, reward activities, parties and entertainment activities within the enterprise. It can dramatize and visualize some things that happen in the enterprise, vividly publicize and embody the values of the enterprise, make people understand the connotation of the enterprise culture through these lively activities, and make the enterprise culture "entertaining".
Cultural network refers to the informal information transmission channel, mainly to spread cultural information. It is composed of some informal organizations and people, and the information it conveys can often reflect the wishes and mentality of employees.
5 basic editing
The essence of enterprise culture essentially comes from the strict implementation of enterprise system. The compulsion or encouragement of the system finally urges the group to produce a certain sense of behavior, and this group's sense of behavior constitutes the corporate culture. Dong Tangce's Interpretation of the Word Corporate Culture profoundly demonstrates the essence of corporate culture and expounds the mechanism of corporate culture in detail.
produce
Enterprise leaders apply the function of "cultural changer" to enterprises to solve problems in modern enterprise management, and then they have enterprise culture. Both enterprise management theory and enterprise culture management theory pursue efficiency. However, the former takes people as the object of pursuing interests, while the latter consciously applies cultural ideas to enterprises in pursuit of interests, and takes creative people as the center of management theory. This guiding ideology is embodied in enterprise management, and people have various ideas called enterprise culture.
know
Proceed from the reality of corporate culture, conduct in-depth investigation and study, and grasp the essential relationship between various phenomena of corporate culture. According to practical experience, from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, make a scientific summary and summary.
meaning
1. Corporate culture can stimulate employees' sense of mission. No matter what enterprise has its own responsibility and mission, the sense of enterprise mission is the goal and direction of all employees, and it is the source of power for the continuous development or progress of enterprises.
2. Corporate culture can unite employees' sense of belonging. The role of corporate culture is to let a group of people from different places pursue the same dream through the refinement and dissemination of corporate values.
3. Corporate culture can strengthen employees' sense of responsibility. Enterprises should publicize the importance of employees' sense of responsibility through a large number of materials and documents, and managers should instill a sense of responsibility, crisis and team consciousness into all employees, so that everyone can clearly realize that enterprises and all employees are the same.
Fourth, corporate culture can give employees a sense of honor. Everyone should make more contributions, achieve more achievements and pursue more sense of honor in their own jobs and fields.
5. Corporate culture can realize employees' sense of accomplishment. The prosperity of enterprises is related to the survival of employees in every company. When the enterprise is prosperous, employees will be proud of it, and they will work harder and make continuous progress. The higher the glory, the greater the sense of accomplishment.
6 feature editing
Uniqueness
Corporate culture has distinct personality and characteristics and is relatively independent. Every enterprise has its own unique cultural deposit, which is determined by its production and operation characteristics, enterprise traditions, enterprise goals, staff quality and different internal and external environments.
right of succession
Enterprises are born, exist and develop under certain time and space conditions, and corporate culture is the product of history. The inheritance of corporate culture is reflected in three aspects: First, it inherits the excellent essence of national culture. The second is to inherit the cultural tradition of the enterprise. The third is to inherit the practice and research results of foreign corporate culture.
get along well with
The integration of corporate culture is reflected in its coordination and adaptability with the corporate environment. Corporate culture reflects the spirit of the times, and it must be integrated with the economic environment, political environment, cultural environment and community environment of the enterprise.
humanity
Corporate culture is a people-oriented culture, the most essential content is to emphasize the core role of human ideals, morality, values and behavior norms in enterprise management, and to emphasize understanding, respecting and caring for people in enterprise management. Pay attention to all-round development, inspire people with vision, unite people with spirit, motivate people with mechanism and cultivate people with environment.
complete
Corporate culture is an organic whole, and human development is inseparable from the development of enterprises, thus guiding employees to integrate their personal goals into the overall goals of enterprises and pursue the realization of the overall advantages and will of enterprises.
novel
Innovation is not only the call of the times, but also the inherent requirement of corporate culture itself. Excellent corporate culture often innovates in inheritance, and reforms and develops with the changes of corporate environment and domestic and foreign markets, guiding everyone to pursue Excellence, efficiency and innovation.
7 Content editing
According to the definition of corporate culture, its content is very extensive, but the most important thing should include the following points:
Management philosophy
Business philosophy, also known as enterprise philosophy, originates from the innovative application of social, humanistic and economic psychology, and is a unique methodological principle for enterprises to engage in production and management activities. It is the basis of guiding enterprise behavior. In the fierce market competition environment, enterprises are faced with various contradictions and choices, which requires enterprises to have a set of scientific methodology to guide and a set of logical thinking procedures to determine their own behavior. This is the management philosophy. For example, Matsushita of Japan "emphasizes economic benefits, attaches importance to the will to survive, and strives for survival and development in all things", which is its strategic decision-making philosophy.
values
The so-called values are the basic viewpoints that people evaluate the existence, behavior and behavior results of people (individuals and organizations) based on some utilitarian or moral pursuit. It can be said that life is to pursue value, and value determines the pursuit of life. Values are not the embodiment of people at a certain moment, but a system of values formed in long-term practical activities. Enterprise's values refer to employees' evaluation of the meaning of enterprise existence, business purpose and business purpose, and their pursuit of a holistic and alienated group consciousness, which is the common value criterion of all employees of the enterprise. Only on the basis of the same value criterion can the correct value goal of the enterprise be produced. With the correct value goal, there will be the behavior of striving for the value goal, and the enterprise will have hope. Therefore, the enterprise values determine the behavior orientation of employees, which is related to the life and death of enterprises. The values that only pay attention to the economic benefits of enterprises will deviate from the socialist direction, which will not only harm the interests of the country and the people, but also affect the corporate image; If we only pay attention to the values of immediate interests, we will be eager for quick success and instant benefit, engage in short-term behavior, and make enterprises lose their stamina and lead to extinction.
spirit of enterprise
Enterprise spirit refers to the spiritual outlook carefully cultivated by enterprise members according to their own specific nature, tasks, purposes, requirements of the times and development direction.
Enterprise spirit should be embodied through the conscious practice of all employees in the enterprise. Therefore, it is the externalization of the concept consciousness and enterprising psychology of enterprise employees.
Enterprise spirit is the core of enterprise culture and plays a leading role in the whole enterprise culture. Enterprise spirit is based on values and driven by value goals, which plays a decisive role in business philosophy, management system, moral fashion, group consciousness and corporate image. It can be said that enterprise spirit is the soul of an enterprise.
Enterprise spirit is usually expressed in some philosophical and concise language, which is convenient for employees to remember and often used to motivate themselves; It is also convenient for external publicity and easy to form an impression in people's minds, thus forming a distinctive corporate image in society. For example, the spirit of "a fire" in Wangfujing Department Store is to illuminate and warm every heart with the light and heat of the people in the building, and its essence is dedication to service; The spirit of "seeking truth from facts, pioneering and enterprising" in Xidan Shopping Mall embodies the value concept of seeking truth from facts as the core and the business style of being sincere and trustworthy and pioneering and enterprising.
commercial morality
Enterprise ethics refers to the sum of behavioral norms that adjust the relationship between enterprises and other enterprises, between enterprises and customers, and between employees within enterprises. From the perspective of ethical relations, enterprises are evaluated and standardized with moral categories such as good and evil, public and private, honor and disgrace, honesty and hypocrisy as standards.
Different from legal norms and institutional norms, business ethics is not so mandatory and binding, but it has a positive demonstration effect and strong appeal. When it is recognized and accepted by people, it has the power of self-restraint. Therefore, it has wider adaptability and is an important means to restrain the behavior of enterprises and employees. The reason why the Chinese time-honored Tongrentang drugstore can last for more than 300 years is that it integrates the excellent traditional virtues of the Chinese nation into the production and operation process of enterprises and forms a professional ethics with industry characteristics, that is, "helping the world and strengthening the body, striving for perfection, being childlike and treating each other equally".
group consciousness
Group is organization, and group consciousness refers to the collective concept of organization members. Group consciousness is an important psychological factor in the formation of internal cohesion in enterprises. The formation of enterprise group consciousness makes every employee of the enterprise regard their work and behavior as an integral part of realizing enterprise goals, makes them feel proud of being a member of the enterprise, and has a sense of honor for the achievements of the enterprise, so as to regard the enterprise as the same body and ownership of their own interests. Therefore, they will strive to achieve the goals of the enterprise and consciously overcome behaviors that are inconsistent with the goals of the enterprise.
corporate image
Corporate image is expressed through the external characteristics and operational strength of the enterprise, and the overall impression of the enterprise recognized by consumers and the public. The corporate image expressed by external characteristics is called superficial image, such as signboard, facade, logo, advertisement, trademark, clothing, business environment and so on. It gives people an intuitive feeling and is easy to form an impression; The image expressed through management strength is called deep image, which is the concentrated expression of internal factors of the enterprise, such as personnel quality, production and operation ability, management level, financial strength and product quality. The surface image is based on the depth image. Without the deep image, the surface image is false and cannot be maintained for a long time. Because circulation enterprises mainly deal in goods and provide services, and have more contact with customers, the superficial image is particularly important, but this does not mean that the deep image can be put in a secondary position. Xidan Shopping Mall in Beijing has set up a corporate image of "treating people sincerely, touching people sincerely, treating people sincerely and treating people sincerely", and this service is based on beautiful shopping environment, reliable commodity quality and real price, that is, taking solid material foundation and operational strength as the guarantee of quality service, realizing the combination of superficial image and deep image and winning the trust of customers.
Corporate image also includes visual identification system of corporate image, such as VIS system, which is the visual identification of corporate propaganda, one of the channels for this enterprise to introduce social visual cognition, and also the symbolic content of marking whether the enterprise has entered modern management.
Enterprise system
Enterprise system is formed in the practice of production and operation, which is mandatory for people's behavior and can guarantee certain rights. From the hierarchical structure of enterprise culture, enterprise system belongs to the middle level, which is the expression of spiritual culture and the guarantee of material culture realization. As a model of employee's code of conduct, enterprise system enables individual activities to be carried out reasonably, internal and external interpersonal relationships to be coordinated, and employees' interests to be guaranteed, so that enterprises can be organized in an orderly manner and work hard to achieve enterprise goals.
Cultural structure
Corporate culture structure refers to the temporal and spatial order, primary and secondary positions and combination modes among the elements in the corporate culture system, and it is the proportional relationship and positional relationship of the composition, form, level, content and type of corporate culture. It shows how these elements are linked to form the overall model of corporate culture. That is, enterprise material culture, enterprise behavior culture, enterprise system culture and enterprise spiritual culture form.
Enterprise mission
The so-called corporate mission refers to the role and responsibility that enterprises should play in social and economic development. It refers to the fundamental nature and reasons for the existence of enterprises, explains the business fields and business ideas of enterprises, and provides the basis for the establishment of enterprise goals and the formulation of strategies. The mission of an enterprise should explain the scope and level of its activities in the whole social and economic field, and specifically express its identity or role in social and economic activities. It includes the business philosophy, purpose and image of the enterprise.
According to the task and operation mode of the enterprise
Deere and Kennedy divided corporate culture into four types: strongman culture; Work hard and enjoy culture; Attack culture; Process culture.
1. Tough guy culture. This culture encourages internal competition and innovation, and encourages adventure. Corporate culture characteristics with strong competitiveness and fast product renewal.
2. Work hard and enjoy the culture. This kind of culture pays equal attention to work and entertainment, and encourages employees to complete less risky work. Corporate culture characteristics of weak competitiveness and relatively stable products.
3. Gambling culture. It has the characteristics of putting all your eggs in one basket on the basis of careful analysis. Generally speaking, corporate culture is characterized by large investment and slow results.
4. Process culture. This culture focuses on how to do it, and there is basically no feedback on the work, so it is difficult for employees to measure what they have done. Corporate culture with strong authority and ability to complete tasks step by step.
According to the state and style of the enterprise
1. Dynamic type. Features are: re-organization, pursuit of innovation, clear goals, external orientation, good communication from top to bottom, and strong sense of responsibility.
2. Stagnant type. The characteristics are: quick success and instant benefit, no lofty goals, self-interest, self-protection, introversion, slow action and irresponsibility.
3. Bureaucracy. Features are: routines, red tape.
According to the nature and scale of the enterprise
1. Greenhouse type. This is unique to traditional state-owned enterprises. Not interested in the external environment, lack of adventurous spirit, lack of incentives and constraints.
2. Types of scavengers. Small and medium-sized enterprises are unique. The strategy changes with the environment, the organizational structure lacks order and the functions are scattered. The foundation of the value system is to respect leaders.
3. Garden type. Trying to maintain the dominant position in the traditional market, paternalistic management and employee motivation are at a low level.
4. Large plant type. Unique to large enterprises. It is characterized by constantly adapting to environmental changes and stimulating the initiative and enthusiasm of employees.
Enterprises attach importance to various factors.
1. Grade type. Owned by a company operating in a monopoly market. Non-personalized management style, pyramid organizational structure, emphasis on compliance with standards, norms and rigid procedures, lack of competition within the organization, people secretly intrigue.
2. Types of professional managers. Work-oriented, clear standards, strict reward and punishment system, flexible organizational structure and fierce internal competition.
3. technical type. Technical experts are in power, paternalistic, focusing on technical secrets and functional organizational structure.