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Annual work summary of the association
Summary is a kind of written material to review and analyze the study, work or completion of a certain stage afterwards. It can help us sum up our previous thoughts and carry forward our achievements, so it is very necessary to write a summary. How to write a summary without becoming a mere formality? The following are the annual work summaries of four articles of association I collected, hoping to help you.

Annual Work Summary 1 Looking back on 20xx years, on the basis of "serious rectification, strict standardization, strict self-discipline and strict management" in the previous year, the Association strengthened its service consciousness, innovated its service mode, strengthened its own construction and expert team construction, and made every effort to provide high-quality technical services for key projects, making new achievements in all aspects.

I. Review of Consulting Services for 20xx Cup Project

1, general situation

At the end of June, 20xx completed the initial evaluation, inspection, evaluation and review of the second batch of structural xx cup projects from 20xx—20xx (hereinafter referred to as 20xx). According to the relevant provisions of "Quality Evaluation Standard for xx Cup Project of Building Structure" and the new consulting service measures implemented by the Association, * * * organized experts to conduct on-site inspection and evaluation of 4 15 project (including classified project), covering an area of 28,508,800 square meters. Among them, there are 38 1 items that meet the evaluation standard of structural xx cup, accounting for 9 1.8 1% of the number of items examined in the initial evaluation, covering an area of 27,625,200 square meters. There are 34 items that do not meet the "evaluation standard" of structural xx cup or are abandoned by enterprises, accounting for 8.44% of the initial evaluation and inspection items, covering an area of 883,600 square meters.

After deliberation by the judging committee and online publicity, 378 structural 20xx cup projects (including 1 1 classified projects) were actually commended, with a decrease of 51year-on-year. The construction area is 27,527,654,38+0,000 square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 65,438+065,438+0%. Among them, the Gold Award is 2 1 1 (including 86 residential projects and 125 public projects) and the Silver Award is 167 (including residential projects 10 1 and 66 public projects).

The construction area of structural xx cup accounts for about 20xx years of the city's housing construction area15127000m2.

2, affordable housing declaration and audit

In 20xx, * * * declared xx cups 128 affordable housing structures, an increase of 26 pieces over the previous year, with an increase of 25.49%; Area11472,600 square meters, an increase of 978,400 square meters or 9.32% over the previous year. Excluding 39 cross-year projects, * * * checked and evaluated 89 projects, of which 82 projects reached the structural xx cup evaluation standard, with an area of 7168,700 square meters, accounting for 9213% of the initial evaluation of affordable housing projects (40 gold cups and 42 silver cups); Seven items failed to meet the evaluation criteria of xx Cup, accounting for 7.87% of the number of affordable housing projects initially evaluated.

3, xx project review

Xx project is generally a project with great local influence, distinctive structural characteristics and clear objectives. 20xx annual preliminary evaluation inspected and evaluated 57 xx Cup projects (39 residential projects and 8 public buildings/KLOC-0) outside Beijing, an increase of 5 projects over the same period of last year; The area is 3,434,600 square meters, with an increase of 1.07%. The engineering quality of xx cup structures participating in the construction outside Beijing is at an advanced level in the local area, and all of them have won xx cup structures.

Inspection and evaluation of xx Cup project of overseas structure in 20xx years 1, covering an area of 288,600 square meters, and the project quality has reached the standard of xx Cup Gold Cup.

4, classified project review

Because classified projects involve national security, the association does not encourage enterprises to declare xx cups. In case of special circumstances, adhere to the confidentiality of confidential information. 20xx classified project declaration structure 16 (5 residential buildings and 1 1 public buildings), which was flat year-on-year. Among them, 12 passed the initial evaluation and review of xx Cup, and won 8 gold medals and 4 silver medals.

Two. Review of xx Cup Project Consulting Services Completed in 20xx

1, general situation

In 20xx, xx cups were declared for * * 1 12 projects (including projects carried over from previous years), with a construction area of 8215,900 square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 25 projects, a decrease of18%; The construction area decreased by 1 199600 square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 13%. There are 49 residential projects with a construction area of 3,488,400 ㎡; 63 public building projects with a construction area of 4,727,500 ㎡; There are 7 classified projects with an area of 683,500 ㎡.

In the project declared by 1 12, nine enterprises withdrew from bidding for various reasons, and the project of 17 was postponed to the next year. Of the 86 projects that completed consulting services, inspection and evaluation, 9 projects (4 residential buildings and 5 public buildings) were re-evaluated by the expert group and inspection team and were not recommended, accounting for 10.5% of the total inspection. The main reasons are: first, the quality of the project does not meet the xx cup standard; Second, the reform of public housing is not recommended; Third, there are many projects that need rectification.

After deliberation by the jury and online publicity, 78 xx Cup projects (including 4 classified projects) won prizes in 20xx, with a construction area of 4,485,200 square meters, down 27% year-on-year. Among them, there are 33 gold prizes (2 houses, 3 1 public building) and 45 silver prizes (36 houses, 9 public buildings); The target projects of national awards 17 are all public projects.

The project area of xx Cup is about 1. 1 10,000 square meters, accounting for 20xx years.

2, affordable housing application review

In 20xx * *, there were 24 affordable housing projects (including public rental housing projects 14, directional resettlement housing projects 4 and self-occupied commercial housing projects 6), an increase of 8 projects over the same period of last year; The construction area is 2193,900 square meters, up 63.3% year-on-year. After inspection and evaluation, all 24 affordable housing projects won xx cups, including 2 gold cups and 22 silver cups.

Three. 20xx xx Cup Project Declaration

1, structural engineering declaration

By the end of 20xx 1, * * declared 526 items, a decrease of 85 items or 8.61%; The area is 41.39.08 million square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 369 1.300 square meters and a decrease of 9 18%. By the end of 20xx 1, 445 items of on-site consultation service and inspection and evaluation have been completed, 202 items of gold cup were initially evaluated, 224 items of silver cup were eliminated, and 19 items were eliminated (this data does not represent the final evaluation result, because each item has to be inspected twice, and any unqualified inspection will be eliminated).

2, the project completion declaration

By the end of March this year, the xx Cup completed in 20xx was declared stable. Up to now, 76 projects have been declared, of which the number of applications for affordable housing has increased significantly, with 26 projects. The project construction of xx City Sub-center has entered the final stage, and eight projects have been declared to have completed xx Cup. The association has arranged for expert groups to provide on-site consulting services, and inspected and evaluated 35 projects.

Fourth, new breakthroughs have been made in the innovative management service model.

In order to maintain the brand reputation of xx Cup and maintain the leading level of the engineering quality in xx city in China, new measures were taken in 20xx, and initial results were achieved.

1, focusing on consulting services. The Report on On-the-spot Consultation and Evaluation Service of Engineering Construction Quality Management, designed by the main leaders of the Association and compiled by experts, has been implemented by various expert groups in on-site service since March 20xx. In the second half of the year, according to the feedback from various expert groups, the association adjusted and revised the relevant forms of service reports. At present, the consulting service report of structural xx Cup (concrete structure and steel structure) consists of 13 consulting service table, and the consulting service report of fabricated structure consists of 16 consulting service table; The civil engineering part of xx Cup Building is composed of 16 tables, and the electrical equipment and HVAC equipment are composed of 7 tables. It has been implemented for nearly a year, and has been initially recognized by the expert group and the inspected unit. The expert group can basically use and fill in, making the "consulting service form" an effective tool for the expert group to guide and check the quality of xx cup projects on the spot; The inspected unit can prepare for the inspection by comparing the items listed in the "Consulting Service Table" with its own items, and make rectification according to the opinions of the expert group after the inspection, so as to improve the quality level.

Through nearly a year's practice, the advantages of this method are summarized as follows: First, it embodies the high standard of xx Cup project. The items listed in the consulting service table come from national regulations, norms and standards, from the management regulations of xx engineering data, the evaluation standards of xx cup engineering quality and the tips of the association on striving for xx cup. The content is comprehensive, to prevent missing items in the inspection. Second, the operation is simple. When the expert group goes to the site to inspect the service, as long as they fill in the actual situation of each sub-item one by one and evaluate it according to the six grades of ABCDEF, it can be used as the basis for evaluating the gold award, silver award and disqualification. Third, it is conducive to helping the project department to rectify, and the expert group is conscientious. After the inspection by the expert group, a copy of the complete set of reports will be left to the inspected project department so as to rectify the problems and deficiencies found in the inspection. Submitting the original to the Association for future reference will help the Association to master the work of the expert group, and promote the improvement of the work of the expert group if the tips are not detailed enough.

2. Introduce "two indicators" to improve the quality level of xx cups. The "two indicators" are that the number of gold cups is controlled at 30%, the elimination rate is controlled at 10%, and the team leader responsibility system is implemented. After the indicators reach each group, the association structure group publishes the preliminary evaluation results of each group every two months, so that the groups that control the indicators well and poorly can be seen at a glance, and urge each group to get rid of "human feelings" and make evaluations according to the facts. Among them, the structures of Group 2 and Group 8 can be strictly controlled, and basically meet the requirements of indicators, which is commendable.

The Association has also raised the standard in the process of declaring the xx Cup of Structure, requiring all buildings to declare according to the scope of construction permit, especially residential projects, so as to promote the balance and consistency of the overall quality. Adhere to the inspection guidance twice in the on-site inspection, especially for the secondary structure. If there is a grid structure in steel structure engineering, it is required to carry out inspection, which reflects the emphasis on key parts.

3, the implementation of special inspection and key inspection. Since 20xx, the association has made it clear that the completed xx Cup residential project will be inspected by the expert group, usually twice. Prefabricated structural engineering is mainly inspected by two structural expert groups. Its purpose is to unify the standards of similar projects, find out the superior and inferior models, and promote the improvement of special quality. At the same time, the Association has set up an inspection team, and the inspection focus is clearly defined as: projects with national awards, projects with weaknesses in one aspect, projects declared by enterprises for the first time, projects with disputes or complaints, and projects in need of help in remote areas. The inspection ratio is about 10%. In 20xx, due to the tight construction period and great difficulty in creating excellence, in order to better meet the needs of enterprises, we inspected the International Pavilion and Life Experience Pavilion of Yanqing World Garden Expo, which were undertaken by Construction Engineering Wu Jian and Urban Construction Group, and put forward suggestions on project quality management to guide enterprises to create national awards. It also focuses on examining some controversial items and drawing conclusions on controversial issues.

Five, strengthen the association's own construction and the construction of the team of experts to achieve new results.

1, which regulates the charging behavior. According to the spirit of the Civil Affairs Bureau on regulating the charging behavior of trade associations and chambers of commerce, the association began to implement the new "Management Measures for Payment of Membership Fees" in 20xx, which raised the standard of membership fees and put an end to all fees related to awards. This adjustment not only ensures the daily expenses of the association, but also enables the association to successfully pass the fee inspection conducted by the previous civil affairs system and the Municipal Housing Construction Committee.

2. The structure of expert team has been improved. From the point of view that xx Cup consulting service experts are consistent with the on-the-job leaders of enterprises, since 20xx, the Association has made it clear that male experts over 62 and female experts over 57 have withdrawn from the expert group, adding on-the-job experts in charge of technology and quality, and smoothly promoting the alternation of new and old experts. Not long ago, after the recommendation of excellent member units, consultation between the association and enterprises and my own assessment, the association added experts for the first time since the establishment of the Council, and newly selected experts 17, including structural experts 18 and completion experts 7. The association issued certificates for these new experts, which also made it normal for new and old experts to alternate.

3. Increased expert subsidies. In view of the further increase of experts' on-site workload after the implementation of the new consulting service model, the Association raised the subsidy standard for experts, and bought accident insurance for all experts when financial resources allowed, encouraging experts to do consulting services for enterprises and project departments more dutifully.

4. The service purchase project has been successfully completed. For the first time, the Association applied for the "Government Purchase Social Organization Service Project" led by xx Construction Industry Federation, and won the "Helping Enterprises to Create Quality Projects" project and a subsidy of 50,000 yuan. The project was successfully completed in June 20xx, and the summary information was submitted to the Federation. In the second half of the year, we continued to declare the government's purchase of services and received a subsidy of 40,000 yuan, which is currently being implemented.

5. Party building and team building are always unremitting. First, actively participate in various activities organized by the Party Building Working Committee of the Federation Hub and the Comprehensive Party Committee of the Chamber of Commerce of the Municipal Industry Association. Party member participated in the activities of paying tribute to Panshan Martyrs Cemetery, and the main person in charge attended the "xx Seminar on Governance Innovation and Capacity Improvement of Social Organizations". Second, cultural and sports activities suitable for the characteristics of the association were organized, which improved the staff's political awareness, overall awareness, core awareness and conformity awareness, and enhanced the cohesion of the association team.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) has made new achievements in serving enterprises and government.

1, actively carry out training on standards of excellence. In April, the Association and xx Company successively held three training courses on xx Cup evaluation criteria, with 654 person-times. According to the needs of enterprises, experts have been arranged to xx company, xx group, xx company, xx construction group, Zhu Zongjian group and other units to carry out xx cup standard training for structure or completion, with 766 person-times; In September and 10, the association took the initiative to connect with the coordination office of the new airport construction of the Municipal Housing Construction Committee, and arranged experts such as structural experts and electrical equipment to give public lectures on excellence standards at the construction site, with a total of 233 participants. The new airport construction coordination office of the Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development sent a thank-you letter to the Association, which fully affirmed the Association's contribution to the creation of quality projects and model projects. In 20xx, the Association Training Center was awarded the title of "Advanced Collective of Private Education in xx District" by the District Education Committee again.

2. The revision of training materials has achieved initial results. Since the end of 20xx, the Implementation Guide for Initiation and Evaluation of xx Cup for Structure and xx Cup for Architecture in xx City has been revised (that is, the third and fourth volumes of the original training materials). At present, the first draft of xx cup for building has basically taken shape, and xx cup for structure has also made some progress.

3. Organized the observation activities of creating excellent projects. On June 5438+February, the Association organized representatives of member units to go to xx and Xi 'an in two batches to observe the fair-faced concrete project-the East Gate of xx College and the library project, and observed four demonstration projects of creating excellence in XX City, with more than 160 participants. In the activities of xx, we also organized the exchange of experience in creating excellence. Representatives of the Secretary-General of the Association made exchange speeches successively, and Urban Construction No.7 Company submitted written exchange materials. The observation projects with distinctive features and obvious advantages, which were carefully organized by the Association and strongly supported by its member units, broadened the horizons of the observers, saw the gap and gained a lot, and were well received by the member units participating in the activities.

February Annual Work Summary Under the correct leadership of the Youth League Committee and under the guidance of the Academic Affairs Office and the Mental Health Education Guidance Center, the ability of new and old clubs was fully demonstrated in 1 1 month.

165438+ 10 12, the propaganda department of our association released a poster showing the movie "Earthshaking", which is the latest movie about the Wenchuan earthquake.

Wenchuan earthquake touched everyone's heart in China. Everyone is particularly concerned about everything in Wenchuan. At 7: 30 p.m. on June/KOOC-0/65438+/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/4, the Heart Association showed the movie "Earthshaking" about the Wenchuan earthquake in the classroom of/KOOC-0/+00/building. That night, 65438+. More than 30 places have been added, and students are absorbed in watching movies. Many students were moved to tears by the picture of the People's Liberation Army digging the ruins with both hands to rescue the wounded without tools. The release of this film not only enriched the campus culture of the students, improved the enthusiasm of the members of the Heart Association, but also cultivated their indomitable spirit of struggle.

Every year, 65438+February 1 is World AIDS Day, and on June165438+1October 29th, the Propaganda Department of our Association will display posters promoting AIDS activities. At 8 o'clock in the evening, our association, Young Volunteers Association and Right Medical vpa Association successfully carried out AIDS knowledge publicity and training in 1-408. This training enabled participants to master relevant AIDS knowledge.

165438+1On October 30th, the Propaganda Department of our association exhibited a poster on AIDS prevention. From the poster, students can learn about the route of HIV transmission and preventive measures.

165438+1At 6 o'clock on October 30th, I will hold a plenary meeting in 1-20 1 classroom. President Xie Guangwei announced to the club that the Heart Association won the title of "Excellent Club" and that 1 1 club leaders won the "Star of the Club", which further inspired everyone to work hard. At the same time, it emphasizes the related contents of AIDS prevention publicity activities on June 5438+February 1 day, and plans to invite the instructor of the Heart Association to give a mental health lecture for the Heart Association in the near future. Finally, in order to examine the working ability of the internship cadres, the president asked the internship cadres to plan the fifth anniversary celebration of our association.

1 1 month, internship cadres carried out various activities under the leadership and guidance of veteran cadres, and successfully completed their tasks.

Although it is cold in December, the enthusiasm of the cadres of the Heart Association will thaw the cold. The enthusiasm of the cadres of the Heart Association will be displayed in the work of1February. I believe that our association will serve more students, and the future of the Heart Association will become stronger and stronger!

Chapter III Summary of Annual Work The Association aims to promote national culture, enrich college students' campus life, cultivate sentiment and cultivate painting and calligraphy talents. With the attention of the leaders of the institute and the guidance of the instructors of the association, it has trained a number of painting and calligraphy talents, which has achieved good results in the association and has also been affirmed by the leaders of the institute and other fraternal associations. The following is a summary of my work in joining the Calligraphy and Painting Association for one year:

First, inherit the tradition, establish the core and seek development through organization.

The success or failure of a community depends on the management of the responsible person. After the adjustment, the new leadership team will forge ahead and consolidate and strengthen the self-construction of the association while inheriting the fine tradition of the former president: guiding teachers to carry out painting and calligraphy training, adopting the learning policy of combining theoretical knowledge with practical exercises, so that painting and calligraphy work can be carried out in an orderly manner; Spare time brings free practice time, enhances members' self-confidence and stimulates their enthusiasm for painting and calligraphy creation!

Through the mobilization meeting and calligraphy and painting exchange meeting, the mutual communication between members has been strengthened, and they can learn and make progress together. Encourage members to make suggestions for the calligraphy and painting contest, constantly tap their own potential and improve the artistic level of calligraphy and painting.

Second, interact with your heart and exercise your potential.

The Association has been carrying out activities centering on campus culture, and its members have exercised their practical potential through mutual communication and interaction: an exhibition of calligraphy and painting in colleges and universities was held in 20xx 10, which brought members a stage to show their self-style and enhance their potential. Cultivate sentiment, improve the level of calligraphy writing and establish innovative ideas of calligraphy.

Third, make friends with calligraphy and painting, broaden your horizons and create a good friendship atmosphere.

Pay attention to art by broadening our horizons, examine ourselves, promote our own development, keep close contact with brother colleges, strengthen exchanges and cooperation, and hold exchange meetings. Externally, it not only expanded the work, but also enhanced the members' own image and publicized the college. While introducing the successful experience of our club work to the brother colleges, we found our own shortcomings, and learned from them to be used by our club, achieving the effect of learning from others and developing together.

Fourth, there is no shortage of gold. At the same time, the association still has some necessary shortcomings.

The main reason is that we did not make good use of the mass strength according to the association management system and paid attention to strengthening the training elements; The environmental problems and funding problems of the association's practice have yet to be continuously improved by the Youth League Committee and the association itself.

Fifth, summarizing the past is to better grasp the present, and grasping the present is to better develop the future.

However, we believe that in the future work, under the leadership of superior leaders, we will strengthen the improvement of members' comprehensive quality, sum up work experience and lessons, avoid work mistakes and make up for work deficiencies; Fully combined with the characteristics of our hospital, we will carry out some distinctive and representative activities in a targeted manner. Under the leadership of the General Party Branch and the General League Branch of the College, we will cooperate with the activities carried out by the Youth League Committee and the School-Society Federation, pay attention to the training and cultivation of members' comprehensive quality, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and make persistent efforts to achieve more excellent results in future work.

Summary of Annual Work of the Association Chapter IV I. Priorities of Annual Work in Pre-deployment

At the beginning of XX, the sericulture business department of the Cocoon and Silk Industry Association held a meeting of the main persons in charge of sericulture stations in all counties (cities, districts) in the city to deploy sericulture production throughout the year and put forward "eight major ideas and six major points". "Eight Concepts": Do a good job in publicity; Do technical training well; Attach great importance to it and fight the tough battle of spring silkworm production; Pay attention to quantity expansion and cultivate mulberry fields with high quality and high yield; Take measures to improve the comprehensive competitiveness of sericulture production; Improve the construction of sericulture production ledger and strengthen the order management of silkworm eggs; Gradually establish emergency plans for disastrous climate and emergencies; Strengthen mulberry protection, and gradually restore the forecasting and control system of mulberry diseases and insect pests. "six key points": strengthen the propaganda work of sericulture production; Carefully do a good job in raising spring silkworms; Improve the comprehensive competitiveness of sericulture; Focus on expanding the scale of mulberry fields; Improve the level of labor-saving sericulture; Strengthen the quality supervision of silkworm eggs. Clear thinking and clear main attack target have promoted the healthy development of sericulture in our city.

Second, focus on solving the problem of species shortage that has never been seen in Yancheng sericulture history.

From the winter of XX to the spring of XX, technicians from the sericulture business department of the Cocoon and Silk Industry Association of this city went to Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places for four times, with a journey of more than 20,000 kilometers, and dispatched 6,543,800+2,000 high-quality silkworm eggs, which ensured the needs of sericulture production in spring in our city.

Third, improve the silkworm egg production capacity.

At the beginning of XX, the silkworm egg production business department of cocoon and silk industry association carefully checked the production capacity of eight silkworm egg farms in the city in view of the disastrous climate and the sharp reduction of silkworm eggs last autumn. Investigate the "crux" of each field one by one, go deep into each field with problems, and accelerate improvement. At the same time, optimize and adjust the layout of silkworm egg production in the city. Based on spring production, the proportion of autumn production should not exceed 70% in spring, which will increase the safety factor of silkworm egg production and ensure the stability of cocoon breeding and seed supply.

Fourth, implement the science and technology home project.

Cocoon and Silk Industry Association and Sericulture Station jointly established the website of Yancheng Sericulture and the information station of Yancheng Sericulture. Using these carriers, more than XX people (households) such as township heads, village technicians, large sericulture households and large sericulture households in key sericulture towns in the city were introduced to sericulture technology, meteorological information, cocoon and silk market conditions, and emergency technical measures during sericulture. The sericulture department of Cocoon and Silk Industry Association publicizes sericulture and cocoon and silk market with the media of Yanfu Dazhong Newspaper and Yancheng TV Station, so as to promote the healthy development of sericulture production in the city.

Fifth, do a good job in inspection and acceptance.

The technicians of the sericulture business department of the Cocoon and Silk Industry Association, in view of the unprecedented special situation of spring silkworm varieties, original seed farms and cross-breeding areas in Yancheng in XX years, strengthened the silkworm egg hatching inspection, and promoted the responsibility rate and key technical measures. Strictly check the survival rate of ants and silkworms, conduct sampling inspection on 280 batches and 320,000 silkworm eggs in 7 provinces, 17 silkworm farms, conduct an investigation on the survival rate of ants and silkworms, master the internal quality of transferred silkworm eggs, and lay a good prelude for spring silkworm production. In view of the "hot spot" of silkworm egg ordering, we should strengthen the inspection of silkworm egg production ledger and do a good job in tracking silkworm situation during silkworm period.

Six, effectively solve the problem of large-scale pesticide pollution in autumn.

In view of the continuous high temperature in autumn in XX, frequent crop pests, serious pesticide pollution and serious threat to sericulture production, technicians from the sericulture business department of the Municipal Cocoon and Silk Industry Association, together with the sericulture technical departments of counties (cities, districts) and towns, conducted a detailed investigation to find out the drug use situation in the adjacent fields of mulberry orchards one by one, so as to guide sericulture farmers to prescribe the right medicine and minimize the pesticide pollution to mulberry orchards.

Seven, strengthen industry statistics, the implementation of information management.

In order to make all silk reeling enterprises in our city skillfully apply the National Statistical System of Cocoon and Silk Production, a training course for statisticians of silk reeling industry was held in Fuan Cocoon and Silk Company of our city on August 1. Comrade Cai Xihong, head of statistics of the Provincial Silk Association, explained the registration and query of "China Cocoon and Silk Network National Cocoon and Silk Production Statistics System". The information management system of reeling enterprise is characterized by automatic data collection and simple operation, and introduces profit and loss analysis and computer simulation technology. Dongtai Fudong Silk Making Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Fuan Cocoon Silk Co., Ltd., Yancheng Gaomei Silk Reeling Co., Ltd. and other enterprises in our city have benefited a lot from it. They use data to serve enterprises and reduce the risks that enterprises bear under the market economy.