The Zhangjiajie giant salamander is a protected geographical indication product. Zhangjiajie giant salamander is a geographical indication certification trademark.
"Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander" has obtained the national geographical indication product. Geographical indication products refer to products named with geographical names after approval under specific geographical, soil, water quality, climate, production technology, and process conditions.
1. Name of National Geographical Indication Product
Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander
2. Scope of Protection
The scope of protected origin is: Hunan Province Zhangjiajie City has jurisdiction over 2 municipal districts and 2 counties, namely Yongding District and Wulingyuan District, Cili County and Sangzhi County.
3. The history and current situation of the giant salamander in Zhangjiajie
(1) Historical origin
Zhangjiajie City has a long history, formerly known as Dayong, and was the seat of the ancient Dayong Kingdom. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the territory belonged to Jingchu, and during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, it belonged to central Guizhou of Chu. In 221 BC, Qin Shihuang established counties and counties, and established Qianzhong County, the first administrative district in Hunan today, in the Li and Yuan river basins. It was one of the thirty-six counties in the country at that time, and two districts and two counties in present-day Zhangjiajie City were under its jurisdiction. . In 1949, the People's Republic of China was established, and Zhangjiajie City was liberated. Dayong and Sangzhi counties were under the jurisdiction of Yongshun Prefecture from October 16, 1949 to August 1952, and were later placed under the jurisdiction of the Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Region and It is under the jurisdiction of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, while Cili County was under the jurisdiction of Changde Prefecture until 1988. On May 18, 1988, with the approval of the State Council, Dayong, a prefecture-level city, was established in Zhangjiajie area. Because the name "Dayong" is far less well-known than Zhangjiajie, China's first national forest park under its jurisdiction, Dayong City was renamed Zhangjiajie City on April 4, 1994. In 2008, Zhangjiajie's total population reached 1.6395 million, with a total area of ??9,563 square kilometers. The city is located in Yongding District.
Zhangjiajie is home to outstanding people and natural treasures. The long history of multiple ethnic groups, ancient folk customs and unique customs complement each other with modern civilization, forming a colorful cultural picture. Zhangjiajie is a place inhabited by ethnic minorities. During the long-term historical development process, the Tujia, Miao and Bai ethnic groups, together with the Han and other ethnic minorities, have created a distinctive national culture. This area gathers the aura of heaven and earth, and embraces the sun and moon. The essence of this fairyland on earth has nurtured tens of thousands of elite figures for thousands of years, the most famous of which is my country's proletarian revolutionist, military strategist, one of the founders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and one of China's top ten marshals. He Long.
Zhangjiajie is a treasure house of biological resources. There are 850 species of woody plants in 320 genera and 106 families, and 146 species of vertebrates, including 56 species of nationally protected plants and 40 species of nationally protected animals. Rare tree species include ginkgo, Davidia involucrata, yew, cherry blossoms, etc.; precious medicinal materials include Ganoderma lucidum, Gastrodia elata, Polygonum multiflorum, Eucommia ulmoides, etc.; rare wild animals include giant salamander, unicorn, Sumatran antelope, South China tiger, clouded leopard, macaque, civet, etc.
The territory is rich in specialties, including giant salamander products, "Three Treasures and One Unique", kudzu root, etc.
The growth history of the giant salamander on the earth can be traced back to 350 million years ago. It is known as a "living fossil" and is a national second-level protected animal. It has extremely high academic and scientific research value, and it also has Extremely high medical, edible and other economic value. Since the 1960s, due to the destruction of the natural environment, illegal hunting and trafficking of giant salamanders, and the poor regeneration ability of wild giant salamander resources, wild giant salamander resources have declined sharply and are in danger of resource depletion. To this end, the people of Hunan Province established the Hunan Zhangjiajie Provincial Giant Salamander Nature Reserve in 1995. In 1996, the State Council established the Hunan Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve in Guohan [1996] No. 113 document to protect Zhangjiajie’s wild giant salamander resources. and its habitat.
In order to save the giant salamander, a magical and endangered protected animal, the local people in Zhangjiajie began long and arduous research on artificially breeding giant salamanders with reference to the precious information left by their predecessors. The history of folk breeding of giant salamanders in Zhangjiajie can be traced back to the Warring States Period. It is a strain in the Yangtze River Basin. It was formed through long-term natural selection and artificial selection based on local natural conditions and socioeconomic conditions. Zhangjiajie's unique sandstone rock forest landform, suitable climate environment, abundant feed resources, excellent water quality conditions and long-standing breeding habits have produced Zhangjiajie giant salamanders with extremely high nutritional value, unique taste and excellent quality.
(2) Current situation and benefits
Since the 1990s, Zhangjiajie Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have relied on the advantages of giant salamander resources, ecological environment, abundant bait and excellent water resources in the place of origin. Implementing the strategy of "enriching the people and strengthening the city with giant salamander breeding characteristics" and "rational development and utilization to promote the protection of giant salamander resources", we will focus on the giant salamander industry as a core project for poverty alleviation and a key industry for comprehensively building a well-off society in Zhangjiajie, and established the Zhangjiajie giant salamander industry development leading group , formulated a medium- and long-term development plan for the giant salamander industry in Zhangjiajie. According to Zhangjiajie’s topography, climate environment and water resources conditions, an industrialization model of “company + base + farmers” was adopted to layout the Zhangjiajie giant salamander breeding area according to local conditions. It has been established in Sangzhi County Commercial giant salamander breeding centers have been established in 15 towns in , Cili County, Yongding District and Wulingyuan District, and a Zhangjiajie giant salamander comprehensive utilization base is being built in the Zhangjiajie Economic Development Zone.
Currently, there are more than 20 companies licensed for domestication and breeding in Zhangjiajie City, including 1 leading agricultural industrialization enterprise in Hunan Province and a high-tech enterprise in Hunan Province. 2 giant salamander operating and utilization licenses, 1 The company has a giant salamander exhibition operation and utilization license, and the company has entrusted more than 320 domestication households as agents. The city has more than 153,000 giant salamander resources in storage, produces more than 100,000 giant salamander seedlings annually, and sells 49,000 second-generation giant salamanders annually, creating an output value of 250 million yuan.
With the development of Zhangjiajie’s giant salamander breeding industry in recent years, Zhangjiajie’s giant salamander has gradually become an important part of Zhangjiajie’s tourism culture. The giant salamander industry has gradually become one of the powerful auxiliary industries for Zhangjiajie’s tourism industry and an important part of Zhangjiajie’s economy. important part of development. Due to the scarcity and uniqueness of Zhangjiajie’s giant salamander resources, its products are becoming Zhangjiajie’s high-end tourist souvenirs. The Zhangjiajie Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government rely on Zhangjiajie’s tourism resources and strive to make the giant salamander a new business card of Zhangjiajie.
(3) The popularity of Zhangjiajie giant salamander
Among the more than 20 giant salamander breeding enterprises in Zhangjiajie, Zhangjiajie Golden Salamander Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is the earliest private high-tech enterprise engaged in the domestication and breeding of giant salamanders. Giant salamander breeding technology is in a leading position in the country. The commercial giant salamander breeding environment is beautiful and the Zhangjiajie giant salamanders cultivated are of high quality. In order to further promote the Zhangjiajie giant salamander, the company relied on the central government's first set of "Science and Technology Expo", second set of "Wealth Story Meeting" and "Financial Management Hotline", seven sets of "Daily Agricultural Economics", "Getting Rich" and "Focus on Sannong", and ten sets "People and Society", "Encyclopedia Exploration", Japanese TV Asahi and many other domestic and foreign media have made special reports on the Zhangjiajie giant salamander. It has had a huge response at home and abroad, setting off an upsurge in the protection and breeding of giant salamanders. The founder of the company, Mr. Wang Guoxing, also He is honored as the "Father of Chinese Salmon Fish" by CCTV media.
4. Quality characteristics of Zhangjiajie
The meat of Zhangjiajie giant salamander is tender, delicious and has a unique flavor. Giant salamander meat has soft tissue and features high protein, low fat, and low cholesterol.
(1) Sensory characteristics
1. Appearance characteristics. Zhangjiajie giant salamander breeding technology completely simulates the natural conditions of giant salamander life, follows the giant salamander's living habits, and does not domesticate the giant salamander's habit of hibernation. During hibernation, the giant salamander can effectively use the fat accumulated in the body, so the overall appearance of the Zhangjiajie giant salamander is relatively robust and not obese. feel.
2. Taste and flavor characteristics. Due to the low fat content of Zhangjiajie giant salamander meat, the meat is tender, delicious, unique in flavor and non-greasy.
(2) Physical and chemical characteristics
The fresh meat of Zhangjiajie giant salamander contains moisture ≥75%, protein ≥10%, essential amino acids ≥3%, and fat ≤5%.
(3) Differences from other giant salamanders
Giant salamanders produced in other places may have thick meat, high fat content, or even a combination of these shortcomings.
1. Comparison of protein content in Zhangjiajie giant salamander meat and giant salamander meat from other origins
Protein is the material basis of life. Without protein, there is no life. It is closely related to life and various Forms and life activities are closely linked to matter. The protein content is an important indicator for evaluating the nutritional value of food. Compared with giant salamander meat from other distant origins, the protein content of Zhangjiajie giant salamander meat is slightly higher. This is inseparable from Zhangjiajie’s good natural breeding conditions and abundant giant salamander breeding feed. .
2. The meat and tail fat ratio of Zhangjiajie giant salamander and giant salamanders from other origins
A healthy human body has a very reasonable ratio of muscle to fat composition. If the fat content is too high, that is what we are familiar with. Excessive obesity can cause many diseases and harm human health. Too low fat content can cause hypolipidemia and reduce the ability to withstand hunger, which also affects human health. A healthy giant salamander, like a healthy human body, must have a proportion of muscle and fat within a certain range. According to research on the anatomy of giant salamanders, almost all of the fat in giant salamanders is accumulated in the tail of the giant salamander. Therefore, it can be evaluated based on the weight of the fat in the tail of the giant salamander. Fat content of giant salamander. Further health studies on giant salamanders have shown that the golden ratio of healthy giant salamander meat to tail oil is between 14.5-15.5. A sampling study of giant salamanders from various origins found that the ratio of Zhangjiajie giant salamander meat to oil is very reasonable and significantly better than other sources. Origin of giant salamander.
3. Comparison of growth rates between Zhangjiajie giant salamander and giant salamanders from other origins
The breeding cycle of general commercial giant salamanders is three years, that is, counting from the hatching of giant salamander eggs, it must be cultured for three or three years. It takes more than 20 years to enter the market as a commercial giant salamander. If the time is too short, the size and weight of the giant salamander will not meet the standards for sale as a commercial giant salamander. When a breeding cycle is reached, due to different breeding methods and breeding environments, the size and weight of the giant salamander will be different. There are also certain differences in the size and weight of giant salamanders from the origin. In response to the weight issue that farmers are most concerned about, we conducted a sampling analysis of three-year-old giant salamanders from different origins. The results show that the three-year-old giant salamanders from Zhangjiajie are slightly higher in weight than others. The origin indicates that the growth rate of Zhangjiajie giant salamander is relatively fast.
4. Comparison of fertilization rate and survival rate of juvenile salamanders between Zhangjiajie giant salamander and giant salamanders from other origins
The level of sperm motility directly affects the level of fertilization rate, and the level of sperm motility is determined by The sexual ability of a male individual is an important indicator of whether the male individual is healthy and strong. For the giant salamander breeding industry, cultivating healthy offspring is an important guarantee for the success of giant salamander breeding. Therefore, it is crucial to select excellent breeding salamanders. In the breeding process of giant salamanders, the fertilization rate and the survival rate of young salamanders are important factors that reflect the quality of the giant salamanders. Indicators, excellent breeding salamanders directly determine the quality of commercial giant salamanders obtained from breeding. By comparing the fertilization rate and juvenile survival rate of giant salamanders from different origins, we found that the fertilization rate and juvenile survival rate of giant salamanders in Zhangjiajie were significantly higher than those in the breeding process. other areas.
The protected origin range of Zhangjiajie giant salamander geographical indication products is the administrative area currently under the jurisdiction of Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province.