History of Diaoyu Islands in China
Diaoyu Island is the main island of the Diaoyu Islands. It is located in the East China Sea, about 356 kilometers away from Wenzhou City, about 385 kilometers away from Fuzhou City, and about 190 kilometers away from Keelung City. , covering an area of ??4.3838 square kilometers, and the surrounding sea area is about 170,000 square kilometers. When the United States withdrew from Ryukyu in 1972, it "handed over" the "administrative jurisdiction" of the Diaoyu Islands and Ryukyu to Japan. However, China has always claimed sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands. Therefore, the dispute over the Diaoyu Islands also arose, and the two sides are currently in a state of confrontation. Since the 1970s, Chinese non-governmental organizations have launched many “Diaoyu Islands Protection Movements” to declare their sovereignty.
Ancient records
China was the first to discover and develop the Diaoyu Islands, and gained sovereignty through preemptive occupation. Diaoyu Island and its surrounding waters have been a place for Chinese people to fish, collect herbs, take shelter from the wind, rest and other activities since ancient times. As late as the Ming Dynasty, it had been discovered, utilized and named by the Chinese people. Ancient Chinese books such as "Geng Lu Bu" and "Song Feng Xiang Shou" completely record the routes of Chinese fishermen in this sea area. For five centuries before 1895, China had been steadily exercising these rights.
Ryukyu was originally a vassal state of the Ming and Qing dynasties. It paid tribute to the Ming and Qing dynasties. Both the Ming and Qing dynasties sent envoys to canonize the kings of Ryukyu. The Diaoyu Islands are located on the only route to Ryukyu. Envoys entrusted with enthroning the Ryukyu kings used these islands as navigation marks. Official documents such as the "Envoys to Ryukyu" recorded in detail recorded the passage to Ryukyu via Diaoyu Islands, Huangwei Island, The navigation experience of Chiwei Island has repeatedly confirmed the boundary between China and Ryukyu. Historical facts show that the Diaoyu Islands do not belong to Ryukyu.
The Chinese government effectively rules and manages the Diaoyu Islands and consolidates its sovereignty. Successive Chinese governments have included the Diaoyu Islands within their territory, adopted administrative measures for development, utilization and management, exercised sovereignty and effectively governed them. In 1171 (the seventh year of Qiandao in the Southern Song Dynasty), Wang Dayou, the general who guarded Fujian, established a military camp in Penghu and sent generals to station on various islands. Taiwan and its affiliated islands, including the Diaoyu Islands, were militarily under the jurisdiction of Penghu, and administratively they were managed by Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Fujian. . In both the Ming and Qing dynasties, Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands were included in the territory and were placed under coastal defense jurisdiction. There are clear regulations and labels in the 1562 (Ming Dynasty) "Cao Hai Tu Bian" and the 1863 (Qing Dynasty) "Huang Qing Dynasty Unification of China and Foreign Countries Map". Historical facts show that the Chinese government has effectively exercised and consolidated its sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands through various forms of management.
Japan wants to occupy
The "Ryukyu Kingdom Map" of the "Three Kingdoms Comprehensive Illustration" produced by Hayashi Ziping of the Sendai Domain in Japan in 1786 has listed the Diaoyu Islands and noted this It is the waterway from China to Ryukyu. 98 years later, that is, in 1884, Tatsushiro Koga, a native of Fukuoka, Japan, claimed to have "discovered" the Diaoyu Islands and their affiliated islands, and applied to the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs for inclusion in Japan's national borders (from 1894 to 1933) The Hechen family once developed a fish processing plant on the main island of Diaoyu Island); Japanese Minister of Internal Affairs Yamagata Aritomo wrote a letter to Foreign Minister Kaoru Inoue regarding this matter. Inoue Kaoru wrote in 1885: "This island is close to the territory of the Qing Dynasty. It is much smaller than the Dadong Island that has been surveyed before, and the Qing Dynasty has already named the island. There are rumors in the Qing Dynasty newspapers that our government wants to occupy the vicinity of Taiwan. The islands belonging to the Qing Dynasty are suspicious of our country. Our country has been warned by the Qing government many times. If we openly implement the national standard policy at this time, it will be easy for the Qing Dynasty to temporarily conduct on-the-spot investigation and report. The shape of the harbor and the hope of developing land and products, the establishment of a national standard, and development can be left to another day. "Yamagata Aritomo responded to Inoue Kaoru's suggestion and wrote to Okinawa, refusing to immediately establish a national standard on the Diaoyu Islands, and emphasized the incident in the letter." Don't let the media know about it.
The Qing government rewarded Sheng Huaixuan
In 1893 (the 19th year of Guangxu), the Empress Dowager Cixi issued an edict to reward the Diaoyu Islands to Sheng Xuanhuai, the Minister of Posts and Communications, for medicinal purposes. Since then, the Diaoyu Islands have become a medicine collecting ground for Sheng Xuanhuai’s family. The original copy of the edict at that time is now in the hands of Sheng Xuanhuai’s granddaughter who lives in the United States.
Japanese occupation
In mid-1894. The Sino-Japanese War broke out. At the end of the war, Japan passed a cabinet meeting decision on January 14, 1895, claiming the Diaoyu Islands as "terra nullius", establishing a national standard on the Diaoyu Islands, and officially included them in the territory of China and Japan on April 17. The two sides signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which stipulated that "the entire island of Taiwan and all affiliated islands" would be ceded to Japan. The treaty also specified that the two countries would separately delineate maritime boundaries in accordance with this clause and the map of Taiwan attached to the treaty. .
In terms of time sequence, the occupation of the Diaoyu Islands and its affiliated islands is related to the Treaty of Shimonoseki and the Sino-Japanese War. However, the Japanese believe that the Diaoyu Islands were not ceded from the Treaty of Shimonoseki, and China and Japan have not officially Draw careful boundaries.
Transfer of World War II
After the end of World War II, the "Cairo Declaration" and the "Potsdam Proclamation" clearly defined Japan's territorial scope. The Cairo Declaration of China, the United States, and the United Kingdom in December 1943 stipulated that the purpose of the three countries was to deprive Japan of all the islands it had captured or occupied in the Pacific since the beginning of World War I in 1914, and to ensure that Japan would The territory in China will be returned to China. Japan must also be expelled from other lands that Japan has seized by force or greed.
The "Potsdam Declaration" of 1945 reaffirmed that the above provisions of the "Cairo Declaration" will be implemented, and further limited Japan's sovereignty "to Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and other small islands determined by us." "On January 29, 1946, "United Nations Supreme Command Order No. 667" clearly stipulated the scope of Japan's territory, namely "Japan's four main islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) and the Tsushima Islands. , about 1,000 neighboring small islands in the Ryukyu Islands south of 30 degrees north latitude." The scope of Japan's territory determined in the Cairo Declaration and Potsdam Proclamation is clear and does not include the Diaoyu Islands at all. [12]
On September 8, 1951, Japan and the United States excluded China and the Soviet Union, the victors in the war against Japan, and privately reached the "San Francisco Peace Treaty", which included the Nanxi Islands south of 29° north latitude (including Ryukyu Islands and Daito Islands) were handed over to the United States under trusteeship. On December 25, 1953, the "Geographical Boundaries of the Ryukyu Islands" (Proclamation No. 27) issued by the U.S. Ryukyu Civilian Government defined the area under the jurisdiction of the U.S. government and the Ryukyu government at that time as including the area of ??24° north latitude and 122° east longitude. Islands, islets, atolls, reefs and territorial waters. The scope determined by this announcement includes the Diaoyu Islands, which is Chinese territory. When Japan and the United States signed the "Return of Okinawa Agreement" on June 17, 1971, these islands were also included in the "Return Area." The Japanese government accordingly claims territorial sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands.
Diaoyu Islands Protection Movement
On January 29 and 30, 1971, the "Diaoyu Islands Protection Movement Committee" established by Chinese people from all over the United States organized more than 3,000 Chinese students to hold meetings in New York, Chicago, Demonstrations to defend the Diaoyu Islands were held in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Washington, Seattle and other places. Since April 10, a massive "Diaoyu Islands Protection Movement" has been launched at home and abroad. On the island of Taiwan, students from National Taiwan University, National Taiwan Normal University and other institutions held successive "rallies and marches to protect the Diaoyu Islands" in Taipei. They wrote to Chiang Kai-shek and strongly demanded that the Taiwan authorities safeguard the territorial sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands. Taiwan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs subsequently issued a declaration of sovereignty[13].
On December 30, 1971, a statement from the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs pointed out: "In the 'return' agreement on Okinawa, the United States and Japan included my country's Diaoyu Islands and other islands in the 'return area'. The U.S. government also stated : “Returning the administrative power over these islands originally obtained from Japan to Japan will not undermine the relevant claims of sovereignty. The United States can neither increase the legal rights that Japan had before they transferred administrative authority over the islands to us nor diminish the rights of other claimants by returning administrative authority to Japan. Any disputed claims regarding such islands shall be a matter for the parties to resolve among themselves. As of September 11, 1996, U.S. government spokesman Burns still stated: "The United States neither recognizes nor supports any country's sovereignty claims over the Diaoyu Islands." "
As for the so-called "San Francisco Peace Treaty" signed privately between the United States and Japan without the participation of the legitimate government of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese government pointed out in a statement issued on September 8, 1951 Its illegality. The resulting "trusteeship" and "return" involve the Diaoyu Islands, which violates China's territorial sovereignty and has become the root cause of the territorial dispute between China and Japan. The San Francisco Peace Treaty and other relevant provisions have no right to involve it. and determine the ownership of China's territory, it cannot have the legal consequences of granting sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands to Japan. Japan's territorial scope was already determined through the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation after World War II, but after World War II, Japan's territorial scope was determined. Japan has not stopped taking action on the Diaoyu Islands issue. It first destroyed the Chinese symbols on the islands, then renamed the islands and built airports and other facilities on the islands.
It also uses so-called "private actions" as a guide in an attempt to create a fait accompli of "actual control", and then uses so-called "government actions" such as "leasing" and "takeover" to gradually lay the legal basis for occupying the Diaoyu Islands, in order to gradually obtain recognition by the international community. However, in view of the illegality of Japan's claim to sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands and its occupation of the Diaoyu Islands, Japan's series of carefully designed so-called "government actions" have no legal basis and do not constitute the exercise of national rights. They have no legal effect from the beginning and will not be able to do so in the future. Produce legal effect [14].
The "territorial clause" in the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone" promulgated in 1992 clearly stipulates that Diaoyu Islands and other islands are Chinese territory, and reiterates that Diaoyu Islands and other islands belong to Chinese territory. Legal attributes.
In 2004, Diaoyu Islands activists landed on the island for the first time. At 6:26 on March 24, seven Diaoyu Islands activists from mainland China set foot on the Chinese Diaoyu Islands, the “emerald in the deep sea”, for the first time since the global Diaoyu Islands movement began in the 1970s. . Please remember these seven names, they are: Feng Jinhua, Zhang Likun, Yin Dongming, Hu Xianfeng, Wang Xiqiang, Fang Weiqiang and Yin Minhong. [15]
In 2009, China’s maritime surveillance and law enforcement ships sailed to the Diaoyu Islands, which was not only a lawful exercise of patrol law enforcement over the Diaoyu Islands and their adjacent waters in Chinese territory, but also a concrete manifestation of China’s exercise of sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands.
On August 15, 2012, the 67th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War; seven Diaoyu Islands activists from across the Taiwan Strait and three places successfully landed on the Diaoyu Islands aboard the "Qifeng No. 2".
On September 25, 2012, the Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China published the white paper "Diaoyu Islands are China's inherent territory".
On the morning of February 18, 2013, three Chinese maritime surveillance ships sailed about 1 kilometer away from the Diaoyu Islands for the first time. *** The same news agency said that three Chinese ships sailed around the Diaoyu Islands for about five hours.
China’s earliest record of the Diaoyu Islands can be traced back to the Sui Dynasty a thousand years ago. At that time, China’s Taiwan and the Diaoyu Islands were adjacent to another independent country called Ryukyu. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty sent his envoy Zhu Kuan to summon him to surrender. He also sent Chen Leng, Zhou Zhenzhou and others to lead troops to attack, passing by the Diaoyu Islands on the way.
The earliest documents about the possession of Diaoyu Islands in China can be traced back to at least "Songfeng Xiangshuo" in the first year of Yongle (1403) of the Ming Dynasty. Stop at Diaoyu Island. Later, in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532), the Diaoyu Islands were called Diaoyu Islands in the "Envoys to Ryukyu" written by Chen Kan of the Ming Dynasty and were already within the waters of our country. During this period, people in the Ming Dynasty continued to collect pearls, collect medicine, and fish on the Diaoyu Islands in Taiwan. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, when Qi Jiguang and others fought against Japanese pirates, they used the Diaoyu Islands as a strategic line of defense. Japan invaded Ryukyu in 1602, and Ryukyu was under Japanese supervision of its internal affairs for more than 40 years. In 1654, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty conferred the title of King Shangzhi on the King of Ryukyu, scheduled tribute once every two years, called China his fatherland, and used the title of the Qing Dynasty. Many territorial and maritime maps during the Ming and Qing Dynasties clearly indicate that the Diaoyu Islands are part of China.
The origin of Diaoyu Island Wine:
I learned at the Wine Expo that many wine companies are good at developing new products based on public needs, which has aroused investment enthusiasm. Among them, the Diaoyu Island wine unveiled at the Wine Expo is a typical example.
According to Huang Chao, the head of the Diaoyu Islands Liquor Company, in September 2012, the Japanese government illegally "purchased the island" and he suddenly thought, "Can we develop a liquor related to the Diaoyu Islands to inspire While the people are patriotic and enthusiastic, they also want to create a well-known liquor brand!" Huang Chao then applied to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce to register the "Diaodao" liquor trademark, and it was successfully approved. Subsequently, Huang Chao designed a unique packaging, which was completed at the beginning of this year and officially unveiled at the Wine Expo. It attracted the attention of consumers and triggered an investment boom among wine merchants.
Wang Bo said that in the first three days of the opening of the Wine Expo, many alcohol sellers from Chongqing, Fujian, Zhejiang and other areas have reached agreements with him to sell Diaoyu Island wine as an agent. “We plan to build the ‘Diaodao’ brand into a well-known Maotai-flavor liquor in one to three years!” Huang Chao said.