About copyright marks:
1 ? Copyright Reserved
2 ? Registered
3 T.M. Trade Mark
TM" is commonly seen in foreign trademarks. It is the abbreviation of the English "trade mark". The Chinese meaning of "trade mark" is "commercial mark", so "TM" means "trademark". Its function is to tell people that this The graphics or words marked on it are the trademarks of the goods or services, not the names or advertisements, and "R" is the abbreviation of "register" in English. "Register" in Chinese means "registration", and the goods or services are marked with this. Marking is to tell people that the graphics or words marked on it are not only trademarks, but also registered trademarks, which are protected by national laws and cannot be used by any other individual or organization without authorization. Now we know the difference between TM and R. Well, "TM" is a trademark logo, and "R" is a registered trademark logo. The two have different levels of legal protection. TM Copyright
R Registered Trademark "Universal Copyright Convention" It is an international convention on the protection of works. It was signed in Geneva in September 1952 under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into effect on September 16, 1955. It was revised in July 1971. The revised convention was adopted on July 10, 1974. It takes effect on October 30, 1992. The convention does not allow state parties to reserve certain provisions. The convention is administered by UNESCO, and member states do not have to pay membership fees.
The copyright of works protected by the Convention mainly includes three aspects: literature, art and scholarship. It maintains the principles of national treatment and independent protection. For countries that require copyright protection, the Universal Copyright Convention stipulates that as long as the work is marked with The "C" (the first letter of the English word "Copyright") symbol and the name of the copyright owner and the year of first publication are deemed to have been fulfilled.
The convention consists of 7 substantive provisions and 14. It consists of administrative provisions. The core is the provision on Clause C, which stipulates that the requirements for a work to be protected internationally are: the name of the author, the date and month of the first edition, and the symbol C should be printed in the appropriate place on each copy of the work. A contracting country will recognize the copyright of other contracting countries’ works as long as they comply with this provision. The main contents of the Convention are:
1. The scope of protected works shall be fully effective. Protection, each contracting country determines the scope of protection.
2. The principle of non-automatic protection requires a certain copyright mark on the published work, that is, a "copyright reserved" mark must be added to it.
3. Protection period. The protection period for a work is the lifetime of the author plus 25 years after the death or 25 years after the work is first published.
4. No retroactive provisions. The Convention does not expressly protect the author's right to identity and has no retroactive effect.
5. Take national treatment as the principle. The provisions of the Convention on national treatment are much simpler than those of the Berne Convention. But generally speaking, both the nationality of the author and the nationality of the work are taken into consideration. The principle of national treatment stipulated in Article 2 of the Convention and the two protocols of 1971 can be summarized as follows: published works of nationals of member states, regardless of where they are published, shall enjoy the same treatment in each member state as published works of nationals of that country Protection; any work that first publishes its first edition in a member state, regardless of whether the author is a national of a member state, enjoys the same protection that member states grant to published works of its nationals; unpublished works by nationals of member states are protected in each member state. Each member state enjoys the same protection that country affords to unpublished works of its nationals. The “nationals” referred to here may also include foreign residents residing in member states.
6. The economic rights enjoyed by the author include reproduction rights, performance rights, broadcast rights and translation rights; translations either enjoy the same protection as general copyrights, or are dealt with according to the legal commitment system after 7 years of release. , choose one of the two.
7. If there is a conflict with the provisions of the Berne Convention, the Berne Convention shall be followed; if there is a conflict with the provisions of bilateral or multilateral agreements that have been signed or will be signed between American countries, the provisions of the Berne Convention shall be followed. Latin American countries that participate in the Universal Copyright Convention shall apply the latest signed agreements or conventions; except for the above, any agreements that have been reached between countries shall be subject to the Universal Copyright Convention if they conflict with the Universal Copyright Convention.
The Convention does not provide general protection for the author’s moral rights (or “personal rights”). It only includes the “preferential provisions for developing countries” that prohibit tampering with other people’s works and the author’s right to withdraw them. Works that have entered the market are equivalent to provisions for the protection of moral rights