The situation in Tianjingguan is steep. At that time, the traffic arteries of Taihang North and South, Shanxi and Henan provinces were battlegrounds for military strategists in past dynasties. Taihang is one of the eight roads in Taihang (the other seven roads are Jiguanhong, Baihong, Chicken Lipstick, Jingxing, Feihuhong, Puyinhong and Junduhong). "Water Mirror" says: "The courtyard goes out of the courtyard in the west, and the white water flows northward, named Beiliu Spring." Notes on Zhang Huai in the Later Han Dynasty: "There are three gardens in the south of Taihang Mountain, and white water flows in the north, which is called Beiliu Spring in the world." These three springs are patio honey, waijian road and cold water spring. If so, it will become a veritable patio.
Tianjingguan is 25 kilometers to the south, which is divided into two passes: the big pass and the small pass, reaching the provincial boundary. There are many Guancheng, ancient roads and fortress villages along the way. There are more than ten existing architectural sites, such as Tianjingguan, Confucius Temple, Xingyi Post, Hengwangguan, Wanzicheng, Yangchangban, PanStone Great Wall Scienc Spot Site and Guzhai.
Tianjingguan is a few miles south, and the important passes under its jurisdiction, such as Hengwangguan, Xiaokouguan, Wanzicheng and Xingyigang, are all a few kilometers south of the pass, which is a dangerous ancient road leading to Henan and winding among the mountains. Taihang Road, also known as Danfu, is three steps wide and 40 Li Long. Located at the southern end of Taihang Mountain, it is the most important ancient passage in Taihang area.
Taihang Road starts from Jiaozuo City, Henan Province in the south and ends in Jincheng City, Shanxi Province in the north. Among the mountains, the tunnel is like silk, winding, "there is the capital in the north and Heluo in Nantong", which is the artery of military, commercial and cultural exchanges in ancient China. Surrounded by mountains, the mountains are stacked, ravines are criss-crossed, and ancient roads are criss-crossed. The situation is magnificent and is known as the natural barrier. From this, you can go south to Hulao Pass, which is one of the most important places in the Central Plains.
According to historical records, this Taihang road, with winding mountain roads and numerous passes, has a very important geographical position. Tianjingguan, in particular, is a world famous pass. The ancients said, "shape is better than the world, and danger is great." Since the establishment of Tianjingguan in the Western Han Dynasty, there have been many disputes, wars and hundreds of wars, which have left a rich cultural accumulation here. The passes in this area include Yangchangban, Pan Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot Ruins, Wanzicheng, Ancient Great Wall, Mengliangzhai, Jiaozanying, Dakou, Xiaokou, Guanyeling, Banguling, Lanche Village, Tianjingguan and many other fortresses. However, due to information conflict or unclear language, it is difficult to authenticate.
Xingbiyi is closely related to Tianjingguan and is very important to the ancient road. Hengwangguan, Xiaokouguan and Wanzicheng to the south of Xingyi Post are important passes under the jurisdiction of Tianjingguan. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were frequent wars and smoke, and it was a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties.
Hengwangguan and Xiaokouguan are located at the extreme end of Taihang Mountain, south of Tianjin Pass12km, which are important passes on Kujin-Henan Road. Hengwangguan is also called Dakouguan. When Di, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, passed by this place on his way from Bianzhou to the north, he climbed the mountain to see the white clouds flying alone, and he remembered his parents who had stayed in Heyang, and wrote poems. Zezhou government carved stones to commemorate it, hence the name Hengwangguan. According to legend, Meng Liang, a general of the Northern Song Dynasty, once built a village here to guard the pass, so it is said that the village site of Meng Liang Village 1 still exists, and there are still inscriptions. Xiaokouguan is located on the mountain ridge south of Xiaokou, with high mountains and deep cliffs on both sides. In the third year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yang Di went south to Taihang Mountain and wanted to go to Zhang Heng's hometown in Qinyang, Henan Province, so he specially cleared the way for 90 miles and passed. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, general Jiao Zan built a city here to guard the pass, hence the name Jiao Zan. One thousand years later, Jiaozan City ceased to exist, and Meng Liang Village still stands on the hill of Taihang Mountain because of its strong architecture.
Confucius went north to Taihang Mountain, and the village challenged by the boy had ruts, stone tablets and Confucius temples. There is a "bowl city" built in the early Tang Dynasty to control the rushing of Huaiqing and Zezhou; Di Renjie in the Tang Dynasty looked at the clouds and thought of his relatives. Yang Jiajiang built "Jiaozan City" and "Meng Liang Village" to defend the enemy in Song Dynasty. In history, 13 ancient emperors visited Tianjingguan, and hundreds of famous generals, ministers, writers, historians and literati left a lot of precious poems and inscriptions. Because of the need of war, many ancient villages and docks were built along Taihang Road. They are built on mountains and have different shapes. As far as we know, the ancient villages are: Wanzicheng, Mopan, Jiaozan, Meng Liang, Quan Wei, Zhaihe, Qingfeng, Dazhai and Xiaozhai. In addition to the stockade, there are more than ten piers, namely Wanshan pier, left and right piers of Wanzicheng, Dakou pier, Youfang pier, Xiaokou pier, Heishiling pier, Shuikui pier, Tianjingguan pier and Daokou pier.
The situation of its construction and repair is well documented, only recorded in Zezhou County Records: "Wanzi City was built in the early Tang Dynasty to control the urgency of Huaize. Its city is very small, hence the name. " Because of the evolution of the war, these buildings have become more and more useless recently. Up to now, there are still relics of Wanzicheng, Meng Liang Village, Mopan Village, Quan Wei Village and Qingfeng Village in the ancient village, and the rest have relics or have been razed to the ground. The pier has been destroyed, only Heishiling pier has relics, and Shuikui pier and patio pier have a steamed bread. Among them, the courtyard pier has been forgotten by the villagers and named Yancun Gedui. When planning a tour in 2003, Guo Xuebao named it Qingguanding. The religious buildings on Taihang Road include Zhao Pu Temple (now Xiaoyue Temple), Dayue Temple, Tianjingguan Temple, Tianjingguan Guandi Temple, Tianjingguan Yudi Temple, Qiankong Temple, Guandi Qiankuan Temple and Yedi Daimiao. Only the Confucius Temple in Tianjingguan and the Dai Di Temple in Yedi are described here. Others are listed as "existing conditions" because of insufficient information or because they still exist, so I won't go into details here.
Dayue Temple is surrounded by mountains, and Sanjiao River passes under it. The temple is 37 meters long from east to west and 22 meters long from north to south, covering an area of 8 14 square meters. Sitting facing south, with Bijia Mountain as its back, Camel Cliff in the east and Huang Jian 'an in the south, the environment is elegant. According to the inscription in the temple, the temple was founded by Zheng Debingzi in Ming Dynasty (15 16), rebuilt in the fifth year of Qing Shunzhi (1648) and the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750). As soon as the temple entered the courtyard, there were five main halls in the north, three left and right ear halls, three east and west annex halls, five main halls facing south, and three right ear halls facing south shed. There are three stages in the left ear hall, and there is a mountain gate between the south hall and the stage, which is one door wide. 1957, there are three new halls in the west, one in the left and right ear halls, and two walls in the west and south. The Hall of Great Heroes is hard on the top of the mountain, with five rooms and four rafters. There are three doors in front of the temple, one wide, with six doors separated each. There are more than 20 stone tablets rebuilt in Ming and Qing Dynasties in the temple.
Xiaoyue Temple is located in the north of the Jade Mount Everest, 2 kilometers north of Zhang Yao, surrounded by mountains and waters, and at the foot of the mountain is a cautious forest. It is a great Zen forest in ancient Zezhou. Formerly known as Zhao Pu Temple, it was built in Jin Dynasty. The word Zheng Debing (15 16) was renamed Xiaoyueyuan Temple in the Ming Dynasty. By the early Qing Dynasty, there were 100 monks in the temple. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Ruixiang, a native of idolize, wrote a poem "Ji Sheng Monument of Zhao Pu Temple in Yuan Yue", describing the quiet environment of Xiaoyue Temple: "The stone wall is rugged, the flying stream bursts, Qiao Lindan is incoherent, and animals and birds are strange." Chen Tingjing, a scholar at Wenyuanting University in Kangxi, Qing Dynasty, wrote afterwards: "The trees are splashing, and the peaks are clear. The pine door leaves Xiao Yue, and the wooden house flows spring. Taniguchi mountain city is far away, and the bird trail hangs in front of the window. In the past, there were few people in the forest and the smoke was cold. " The original temple has been destroyed, and the existing one is rebuilt in the present age. On Tianzhu Peak in the south of Temple, there are seven laws inscribed by mountain man Li Yujin in the second year of Taihe (1202).
Yedidai Temple was built on the Xiyang slope of Yedidi. According to the seventh year of Ming Dynasty (15 12), Rebuilding the Monument of Dongyue Temple was written by Matsuno Xinfu, saying, "The temple is sacred, Longquan is full of water, and bamboo and wood are fresh; There are no waves in the halls and corridors. " The temple is built according to the terrain and is divided into two rooms. The main hall of the upper house is the Apocalypse Hall, and the existing building was rebuilt in the third year of Song Yuanfeng (1080). The temple is three rooms wide and three rooms deep, resting on the top of the mountain and with a single eaves. 2.5 meters out of the eaves, the bucket frame follows Song and Jin to create French style. Outside the main entrance of the main hall, there are square lotus-covered stone pillars, square corner-sticking stone pillars, and inscriptions on the top of the four stone pillars; In the twenty-seventh year of Jin Dading (1 187), the stone door frame and stone gate of Lions Gate were exquisitely made and their memories were clear. Exquisite brick altar and wood carving shrine flower cover in the temple; The glass dragon kiss with a height of about 2.3 meters at the top of the temple is purely two sets of four-claw dragons falling from the sky and rising to the ridge of the temple. All these, as well as antique painted murals, are extremely valuable cultural heritage. Danhe Songzhai: Located in the west of Jiudu Village, Changping Township, Qinyang City, Henan Province, on the north side of Danhe River. The village is surrounded by cliffs on the south, east and north, and the west is relatively gentle. Song House is about 70 meters long from east to west, 30 meters wide from north to south and 13 meters high. There is an east-west passage at the top of the village, and there are remnants of more than 20 double-decker barracks in the hatchback, with patrol roads and cribs on it. There is a Tuancheng in the southeast corner, and there is a well in it. According to preliminary research, Songzhai Fort was built by Taihang Mountain rebels during the Song Dynasty's resistance to gold, and it is said that it was the camp of Yang Ye, a general in the Northern Song Dynasty. This village has been renovated and officially opened to the outside world, and has the reputation of "the first fort in the Central Plains".
Dalangzhai: Located at about 1 km south of Shanwangzhuang Village, Qinyang City, Henan Province, the original village has become a residential village. Dalangzhai and its nearby villages, such as Yangzhuang, Shangmazhuang and Xiamazhuang, are said to be the activity places where Yang Yanyu (Yang Dalang), the eldest son of Yang Ye, a famous anti-Liao star in the Northern Song Dynasty, sent troops to guard the Taihang Mountains.
Liulang Village: Also known as Yangyanjing Village, it is located at the top of a mountain in the northeast of Jiudu Village in Danhe Canyon, covering an area of about 100 mu. There are mountain springs on the north side, and the original village is in ruins. This village is said to be the place where six sons of Yang Ye, a famous Northern Song Dynasty, were stationed.
Yang Zongbao Village: Located at the top of the southern part of Yangyanjing Village, Jiudu Village, Danhe Canyon, opposite to Mu Guiying Village, the original village has disappeared, leaving only rocks. It is said that these two villages, like Liulang Village, are both places where Yang was stationed.
Henkel City: It is located about 5 kilometers east of Qingtian River in Danhe Canyon. According to legend, Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, accepted his suggestion and blocked the place where the Taihang garrison was stationed with the ruins of the old city, hence the name of the Han Gaocheng.
Wanchengzhai: Located at the junction of Yucheng South and Yujin, Jinmiaopu Town, Zezhou County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, it was built in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. Wanchengzhai was built on the flat land at the top of the mountain, covering an area of more than 600 square meters. Named Wancheng Village, there are doors in the east and west, and the ancient sheep intestines pass through the city. Now the remains are well preserved. This is the latest restoration during the Qing dynasty light years. There are four Zhaibao sites nearby, leaving many relics.
Mengliangzhai: Located on the hillside to the east of Wanchengzhai, it is made up of stones and squares with an area of 1.600 square meters. The ruins are 5-7 meters high and 6 meters wide. East and west have their own gates, and the original gates are inlaid with inscriptions such as "Nantong Luo Yi" and "Peking University Shi Jing".
Mopan Village: located in Dakou Village, Jinmiao Town, Zezhou County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province. The existing site is also an irregular square with doors in the north and south. The village is 34.3 meters long from north to south, 29 meters long from east to west, 5 meters high and 6.9 meters thick. The north wall winds eastward for hundreds of meters, connecting the ruins of the ancient Great Wall in Beiqi.
Mawuzhai: Located at the junction of Yaotou Village and Zezhou, Changping Township, Qinyang City, Henan Province.
Jiangjunzhai: Also known as Yue Jiangjunzhai, it is located on Guandiling, one kilometer west of Heishiling Village in Zezhou County. The village is round with a deep valley at the bottom. The existing site is basically intact, with a perimeter of134.5m, a height of 6m and a wall thickness of1.8m.. Stairs are set on the north side, with a width of 2. 1 m and a slope of 9.7m.. There are many caves in the village with complete traces. The hole is triangular and built along the wall. From the hole to the hole, the width varies from 1 to 2.7 meters.
Guxizhai: There are still ancient villages and remains on the east coast of Shui Gu.
Zhaihe Village: the remains of Zhaihe Village, about 2 kilometers west of Lanche Village.
Nancun: Located in the northeast of Nancun Town, Zezhou County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, it was built in an unknown era with towering walls and well-preserved.
Sendai Village: Located at the top of Baishui River in Xianzi Village, Daji Town, suburb of Jincheng City, with the village entrance in the south, it was built in the 16th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty. There is a "Sendai" stone tablet at the entrance of the village, which is well preserved.
Jiao Zan: The original site is located in Xiaokouguan. It is said that it was built when Jiao Zan, a general of the Northern Song Dynasty, was stationed here, but it no longer exists. Xiaokouguan: the small mouth is Taihang Mountain, which is the first pass for Taihang Mountain Yaotou Line to enter Zezhou.
Hengwangguan: Also known as Dakouguan, it is the first pass for Taihang-Changping Line to enter Shanxi. The name of Hengwan Gai comes from a legend that Di Renjie, the prime minister of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty, passed by. According to the records, Liang Gongren Jie of the Tang Dynasty passed through this place from the capital of song dynasty and climbed Taihang Mountain to see the white clouds flying alone, because he said, "My home is next." I looked out for a long time until the clouds moved away.
Tianjingguan: Also known as Taihang Pass, it is named after three deep wells in front of the door. Tianjingguan, also known as Taihang Pass, was renamed Xiongdingguan and Pingyang Pass in history. It is the first pass at the southern end of Taihang Mountain, with an altitude of 948 meters. The terrain is steep, easy to defend but difficult to attack, and most wars related to Taihang Mountain in history are related to this. This is a battleground for military strategists. Tianjingguan is one of the six male customs in this province.
Tianjingguan on the Danhe River: an important pass for the Taihang Jidan Line to go north to Lu Ze. "In the third year of Yong 'an, the governor Zhao Dadu, Yuan Zi attacked the town, Taihang consolidated, the second pillar Zhao Koudan Valley, and Yuan Zi attacked and retreated." (Wei Shu Xiao Zhuang Di Ji) records the historical facts of the Wei and Jin Dynasties as a strategic passage between the two capitals (Datong and Luoyang). Pan Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot Popular Science Point: Located between the small mouth and the big mouth of Taihang Mountain, it was built in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. According to "Zezhou County Records", in the autumn of Jiajing twenty-two years, Li Zongshu, the governor of Henan Province, built this boundary and borrowed land to build a city to make a rush. "This city was built in the defense period of the Nian Army during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty.
Zhao Great Wall: Located between Hengwangai and Tianchiling in Taihang Mountain, it is about 3.5 kilometers long from east to west. The existing city wall is about 2m wide and1-3m high. "Historical Records Zhao Shijia" contains "In the seventeenth year of Suhou (333 BC), the Great Wall was built around Wei and Huang, and the stone was used as the base to connect Hanoi (now northern Henan)".
Shizhai wall: located on the east side of the top of Wanzicheng Mountain, it is about 2 kilometers long and made of stone, with a width of about 1.2 meters. There are observation holes and gun holes in the south. Wanshan Town: Wanshan Town is located at the starting point of the southern end of Taihang Mountain. According to the available data, Wanshan Town was formed in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties with a history of at least 1500 years. Wanshan Town is located in the throat of Taihang Mountain, with thick walls and strong gates. It has been a battleground for military strategists since its formation. In the third year of Tang Huichang (AD 843), Wang Maoyuan attacked Serina Liu; At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao's army fought against Tang Jun Taihang; "Jin Liang dispute" Taihang campaign; At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the famous battles of the Taihang Rebels, such as the Huaizhou War, were concentrated in Wanshan Town.
Lanche Town: Also known as Lanche Town and Xingge Town, it is located about 3 kilometers south of Jinmiaopu Town and is now a part of Jinmiaopu Town. The date of the establishment of Lanche Town is unknown, but as the south barrier of Tianjingguan, Lanche Town, like Tianjingguan, is the only place for Taihang Mountain to go north to Lu Ze, and is known as "Pinghan in the south of Shanxi".
Bagong Town: Located in the northern suburb of Jincheng, at the throat of the northern Taihang Mountain. Bagong Town was called "Bazi Town" in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In 624 BC, it was named after Duke Xiang of Jin cut Bashu in the west and moved to Bashu. During the Five Dynasties, the famous "Battle of Eight Courts" between the Later Zhou Dynasty and the Northern Han Dynasty took place here, which was an example of China's ancient military war. The Jin Dynasty began to set up a town, which governed Zezhou until the Qing Dynasty as Bagong Town.