The flora and fauna of Jinggangshan are complex, with various fauna components and rich biological resources. It is a relatively ancient and complete Cenozoic Tertiary forest ecosystem left over about 60 million years ago. It has been identified that there are more than 3,400 species of higher plants in 280 families, 800 genera and more. There are 10 species of plants listed in the "IUCN Red List of Species", 38 species listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and 67 species listed in the "China Red List of Species". There are 23 species included in the "List of Wild Plants under China's National Key Protection". Among the 460 species of endemic seed plants in China, 20 species are endemic to Jinggangshan and 78 species are listed under provincial protection.

There are 307 species of vertebrates identified in Jinggangshan City, including 42 species of mammals, 162 species of birds, 41 species of reptiles, 29 species of amphibians, and 35 species of fish. There are 21,000 species of insects, and there are many rare and endangered animals distributed in the area. 13 species are included in the "International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Species", and 17 species are included in the appendix of the "Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna". There are 37 species included in the "Red List of Chinese Species", and among the 38 species included in the "List of Key Nationally Protected Wild Animals in China", 25 species are endemic to Jinggangshan. Representative animals include yellow-bellied pheasant, monkey-faced eagle, Tibetan emirate, sambar deer, pangolin, black-headed snake, flower lizard, water salamander (salamfish), tiger-striped frog, spiny-breasted frog and so on. As of 2013, according to geological survey data and public mine reports, Jinggangshan City has porcelain clay, rare earths, sand (rock) gold, uranium, tungsten, tin, aluminum, zinc, magnesium, copper, sulfur iron, fluorite, graphite, crystal, There are more than 10 mineral species such as asbestos, granite, and niobium-tantalum minerals. Among them, china clay minerals and rare earth minerals are rich in reserves and are the two dominant mineral species. The others appear as small mineral sites. It is the first time that niobium and tantalum deposits have been discovered in the mountains from Qilichuan and Ximeishan to Xiazhuang and Xingzhou.

The porcelain clay in Jinggangshan City is mainly distributed in Gaoliangzhai in Dongshang Township, Damiao and Dacang in Hehua Township, and Xiagotian in Getian Township. Total reserves are 25 million tons. Rare earths are mainly distributed in Datang, Xiagotian, Dongshang, Longshi, Mucun and other places. According to preliminary proven reserves, the reserves are approximately 1,200 tons, including 415 tons in Datang mining area, 309 tons in Xiagotian mining area, 173 tons in Longshi mining area, 176.6 tons in Dongshang mining area, and 85.6 tons in Mucun mining area. Tungsten is mainly distributed in Nihu, Qilichuan and Baishi'ao areas of Dongshang Township. It contains 8 tungsten ore bodies. The length of the veins is about 3710 meters, with an average length of 463.7 meters. The average width of the veins is 1.68 meters. The total thickness is 12.93 meters. The ore bodies are Stone yellow vein type. The reserves of Xiaqi and Changping are about 30,000 tons, with a purity of 65%. There are fluorite mines in Getian Township, two placer gold deposits in Getengwo and Zhangshupo in Hehua Township, and discoveries have also been made in the Dongyuanshui River bed and Liangyan. Gold, silver and sulfur were found in Xiping, Tongmuling and Baiyin Lake areas. There is limestone in Yanqian Village, Nashan Township. There are marbles in Changping, Nashan and Dongshang. Coal and iron are mainly distributed in Nashan, Xiaping and the surrounding low mountain and hilly strata of the basin. The grade is not high and the reserves are not large.