Biomass Improvement and Transformation Laboratory

The Biomass Improvement and Transformation Laboratory was approved by the Anhui Provincial Department of Education in 27. In recent years, the laboratory has successively undertaken research on more than 5 related projects such as the National "863" Plan, the Natural Science Foundation, the Tenth Five-Year Plan, and the provincial and ministerial-level research on the exploration and improvement of biomass genetic resources, the research and utilization of biomass materials, and the theory and technology of biomass energy transformation, laying a good foundation for the preliminary work. After years of construction, the laboratory has formed an academic echelon with young and middle-aged doctors and professors as the main body, which has a good research platform and experimental conditions.

The laboratory has formed a single research direction with obvious characteristics: 1. The exploration and improvement direction of biomass genetic resources, and established new technologies and methods for biomass materials and energy biological genetic improvement. The low-energy ion beam technology was first applied to the mutation and genetic transformation of corn, cotton, energy algae and PHA, L- lactic acid, D- lactic acid and methane microbial strains, and the molecular marker technology was applied to the gene location and assisted selection of maize opposite traits gene and high amylose ae gene. A number of new germplasm of energy and material biology have been discovered and created. More than 2, energy and material germplasm such as corn, cotton, sweet sorghum and castor were collected and excavated successively, and more than 1 microbial strains such as PHA, lactic acid, cellulase, lipase, hydrogen and methane-producing bacteria and energy algae germplasm were screened. 2. The research and utilization direction of biomass materials, highlighting the research and utilization of agricultural biomass functional materials. In the aspect of natural polymer materials, irradiation and chemical modification of konjac flying powder, chitosan and starch have been carried out successively. Strengthen the creation of starch and fiber-based materials. Based on the research on the material characteristics, radiation and chemical modification of corn and other starch, colored cotton fiber and silk, the application research of starch-based materials in food was carried out, and the key technologies for the production of starch-based degradable plastics, especially the radiation modification technology of corn starch, were discussed, and products such as thermoplastic starch plastics, agricultural mulching films and food packaging films were created. 3. The theory and technical direction of biomass energy conversion, using waste biomass to develop rural energy. Based on the transformation of organic wastes such as abundant straws in rural areas, the key technologies of biomass gasification and pyrolysis liquefaction of crop straws and agricultural and forestry wastes to prepare bio-oil were studied. Highlight biotransformation and reduce environmental pollution. The fermentation technology of starch ethanol and the metabolic pathway of oil production by algae and microorganisms have been studied successively. The construction of new engineering bacteria for ethanol production from starchy raw materials was also carried out, which is expected to reduce ethanol production steps, shorten fermentation time, reduce energy consumption, save costs and form new technology.

The laboratory has a total area of 7,1 square meters (including 4, square meters of irradiation center and 2, square meters of natural macromolecule separation and processing pilot base), with provincial key disciplines in biophysics, three doctoral programs in crop genetics and breeding, crop biotechnology and microbiology, several master programs in biochemistry and molecular biology, genetics and microbiology, the National Forestry Irradiation Center and the provincial and ministerial-level laboratory of "Ion Beam Bioengineering" jointly established by * * *.

The laboratory has ion implanter for genetic improvement, more than 1 kinds of lasers, cobalt source of 1 million curies, gene gun, fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument, laser dynamic scatterometer, cell genetic workstation, pulse electrophoresis transgenic system, etc. There are cobalt sources, high performance liquid analyzers, fluorescence analyzers, GC-MS analyzers, atomic force microscopes, supercritical extractors, column chromatography systems, fermentors, freeze-dryers, scanning electron microscopes, and three-dimensional imaging for materials and energy research. The total value of instruments and equipment is more than 2 million yuan.

since p>25-21, the laboratory has undertaken 5 national "863" plans, 8 national natural science funds, 2 major projects such as tackling key scientific and technological problems in the 1th Five-Year Plan, special transgenic projects and funds for transforming achievements of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Science and Technology, and 3 scientific and technological research projects in Anhui Province in the 1th Five-Year Plan and the 11th Five-Year Plan, Anhui Talent Fund, Anhui Natural Science Fund and other provincial-level scientific research projects. In the past five years, he has participated in the achievement of the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, won one second prize and four third prizes at the provincial and ministerial level, bred six new varieties of crops such as corn, cotton and hemp, screened more than 3 microbial strains, developed more than 2 agricultural functional materials, new biomass materials and new products and devices for biomass energy conversion, applied for 14 patents, passed 12 provincial achievements appraisal, and published 12 monographs and teaching materials, which have certain influence at home and abroad.

Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Biology

Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Biology was approved for construction in October 28, relying on two doctoral disciplines of crop science and biology in Anhui Agricultural University, as well as postdoctoral mobile stations and provincial key disciplines of crop genetics and breeding, crop cultivation, genetics and biophysics in Anhui Province. Academician Gai Junyi is the director of academic committee, vice president of Anhui Agricultural University and member of corn expert group of Ministry of Agriculture. Director of Anhui Corn Engineering Technology Research Center, chief expert of modern corn industrial technology system in Anhui Province, and Professor Cheng Beijiu, the leader of the "115" innovation team of corn genetic improvement and industrialization technology research in Anhui Province, is the director of the laboratory. At present, there are 48 fixed researchers, including 22 professors (researchers) and 14 associate professors, including 36 with doctoral degrees. A research and development team of crop genetics, breeding and industrialization with young and middle-aged doctors and professors as the main body has been formed.

The research focuses on three major directions: crop molecular biology, crop germplasm innovation and variety improvement, and crop physiology and ecology. In recent years, he has successively undertaken more than 4 national-level projects such as the National Science and Technology Support Program, the Major Genetically Modified Project, the 863 Program, the National Natural Science Foundation and the National Achievement Transformation Fund, and more than 3 provincial-level and various key projects, and won 15 awards at or above the provincial level, including 3 first prizes and 4 second prizes, and selected 21 new varieties of major crops such as wheat, corn, rice and cotton, and applied for and authorized more than 6 invention patents. It provides strong technical and talent support for the "three major grain actions" and the implementation of the grain increase plan in Anhui Province.

in the research direction of crop molecular biology. This year, bioinformatics and gene cloning and functional analysis of important traits were carried out around crops such as corn, wheat, rice and barley. More than 4 genes related to yield traits, photosynthetic efficiency, quality and stress resistance have been cloned from corn, rice and other crops, and some genes have been functionally verified. Especially, using the published maize genome database, dozens of gene families such as maize whole genome disease resistance genes, WRKY regulatory factors and cytokinin regulatory genes were systematically analyzed, which formed the advantages in maize genomics and comparative genomics research. Two SCI papers were published and seven SCI papers were submitted. The technical system of Escherichia coli analysis for in vitro verification of gene function of corn and other crops was established, a set of safe and efficient screening and marking technology for crop transgene with independent intellectual property rights was developed, and a cheap universal T vector using corn red fluorescent protein CobA and green fluorescent protein mutants was constructed. The formation mechanism of natural colored cotton colored fiber and molecular marker-assisted breeding of new cotton varieties were studied.

Study on maize genomics and molecular basis of important traits such as high quality, high yield and stress resistance of wheat:

Focus on the structure, function and evolution of maize genome, and analyze the characteristics of maize gene family through comparative genomics, so as to provide basis for functional analysis of maize gene family and the exploration of new genes. The characteristics of 15, genes in 13 gene families were studied, the database was established, and the biological information and evolution of maize genome family were studied. The characteristics, classification, chromosome location and expression patterns of more than 1, genes in more than 12 gene families, such as maize NBS gene, WRKY gene and HSFs gene, were analyzed, as well as the comparative genomics and evolution with related species such as sorghum and rice, and the evolutionary characteristics of maize gene family were found. More than 2 SCI papers have been published.

Molecular breeding of maize, selection of breeding materials with high quality, high yield and stress resistance of wheat and germplasm innovation:

It took the lead in establishing a new technology of maize in-situ transformation and low-energy ion beam transgene in China, put forward a cotton transgene technology mediated by low-energy ion beam, and bred a number of new cotton genotype materials and strains. The transgenic research on metabolic regulation of corn and rice starch, disease resistance, lignin and cellulose was carried out, and important transgenic materials of corn and rice such as high amylose, low lignin and virus resistance were obtained. A number of new maize germplasm with high starch, high amylose and sweet waxy corn were created by low energy ion beam mutation and molecular marker-assisted selection, and 8 new varieties with high starch and high quality sweet waxy corn were bred. A perfect, efficient and simple corn IN PLANTA transformation system was established.

By using physiological selection technology, resistance identification technology, quality analysis technology, nutrient utilization analysis technology and molecular marker technology, and combining conventional breeding methods with molecular breeding methods, we carried out research on breeding new wheat varieties with high quality, high yield, stress resistance and high efficiency, and cultivated new wheat varieties suitable for large-scale planting in Huaibei wheat area of our province and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. At the same time, the research on advanced breeding theory is actively carried out in the breeding process to promote the breakthrough of modern wheat breeding theory.

Breeding of new maize varieties, breeding of new wheat varieties and theoretical innovation of breeding:

Anlong No.4, a high starch maize combination, has been popularized to plant 5, mu, resulting in economic benefits of 5 million yuan; Three sweet corn varieties were planted with 65,9 mu, with a direct economic benefit of 162 million yuan; Three new sweet corn combinations with high quality, high yield and multi-resistance were selected by combining traditional breeding with biotechnology. Wanyu 1-early maturity, multi-resistance (drought resistance, waterlogging resistance and resistance to leaf spot), high quality, high yield, high rate of double panicles and multiple panicles, suitable for processing fresh sticks, frozen grains and bamboo shoots. Wanyu 14-early maturity, multi-resistance (lodging resistance, stress resistance, resistance to leaf spot and corn borer), high quality, high yield and large grain type, suitable for frozen grain and frozen stick processing. Wanyu 15-a combination of high quality, high yield and multi-resistance strengthened sweet corn, is suitable for frozen stick processing. It is a new sweet corn variety bred in Anhui province in recent years and first approved, which is superior to the current varieties popularized in Anhui production in terms of quality, adaptability to stress, early maturity and fresh grain processing characteristics.

At the same time, the improved variety breeding technology system for high-yield seed production of three hybrid combinations was established. The technical regulations for pollution-free and safe cultivation of new sweet corn varieties were formed; The seed quality and quality identification technology of sweet corn were established. The formula of culture medium for cultivating Lentinus edodes with sweet corn cob instead of wood and the culture technology for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus were developed. The fresh-keeping technology of fresh sticks and the processing technology of frozen sticks were established, and new products of frozen sticks were developed.

The new variety of Wanyu series sweet waxy corn has an average yield of 9 kilograms per mu, a short growth period of about 8 days, and is rich in various soluble polysaccharides, vitamins and trace elements, which can be used as a high-quality "fruit corn" and healthy food for development and utilization. At present, the demonstration and promotion area in Anhui is over 1, mu, and the direct economic benefit is over 4 million yuan.

seven new wheat varieties were bred, namely, annong 92484 (national trial), wanmai 33, wanmai 41, wanmai 42, wanmai 48 (national trial), wanmai 49 and annong 35. Among them, Wanmai 48 and Wanmai 49 were protected by national new varieties. A number of excellent wheat breeding materials have been screened and created. At present, seven new varieties have been declared for provincial regional test and national pre-test, namely, Annong 87, Annong 818, Annong 822, Annong 826, Annong 849, Annong 85 and Annong 711, and four varieties have entered the production test.

Research and development of key engineering technologies for high-yield and high-efficiency corn production and high-efficiency cultivation technology system for new varieties:

Focusing on the revitalization plan of corn in Anhui Province and the "Four Good Projects", we will strengthen the research and development of products and technologies. This paper puts forward the technology of combining three agricultural machinery and agronomy, develops related products, and promotes and demonstrates them.

according to the characteristics of new varieties, such as agronomic traits, adaptability, stress resistance and yield level, we will develop an efficient supporting technology system, study the supporting technologies of improved varieties and good methods, and promote and apply them to improve the production efficiency of new varieties.