1. According to the published data, the types of Song mirrors can be divided into flower mirrors, dragon mirrors, bird mirrors, fairy tale mirrors, gossip mirrors, trademark inscription mirrors, auspicious inscription mirrors and plain mirrors. Each category has different shapes and contents. Flower mirror: Flower mirror is one of the most prominent bronze mirrors in Song Dynasty. Common ones are sub-glyph, diamond, sunflower, circle and so on. The expression technique of multi-flower winding of theme decoration. Some take buttons as the center, and four blooming peony flowers radiate from a vine and are symmetrically arranged in four directions, so the composition is simple and realistic. Some of them displayed wide leaves and flowers on the rhombic branches. The rhombic branches are slender and beautiful, with overlapping stems and leaves and elegant flowers. Many ancient tombs of the Song Dynasty were buried with various kinds of reading glasses, such as the tomb of Huizongzheng and the third year in Macheng, Hubei, the tomb of Xuanhe in Hui Zong, Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province, and the tomb of Shaoxing in Gaozong, Jiangsu Province. Judging from the unearthed area, it has been unearthed all over the north and south. Dragon mirror: it can be divided into double dragon mirror and single dragon mirror. Judging from the information we have seen so far, there are few single dragon mirrors. Shuanglong mirror, there are eight diamonds, six diamonds, sunflower shape, stove shape, handle diamond and other forms. Ssangyong is on both sides of the button, the body is curled above the head, and the hind legs are intertwined at the tail to form a ring. The two dragons looked at the round buttons and treated them as pearls, pretending to be pearls. Yi Long opens his mouth and Yi Long shuts up. There is a three-legged incense burner on the shore below the button, and the waves on the shore are churning. Regardless of the shape of the mirror, the pattern and layout of this kind of dragon mirror are basically the same, and the characteristics are very obvious. Li Zongbao of Gao 'an, Jiangxi Province in the Southern Song Dynasty for three years? 1255 tomb unearthed side. On the other side of the bronze mirror, the words "Wuxu Wuxu Wu" are cast, that is, the second year of Jia in the Southern Song Dynasty? 1238, it can be seen that this kind of mirror was popular in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Judging from the information available at present, this kind of mirror has been handed down from generation to generation, and it has been unearthed a lot. It is one of the most popular mirrors in the Song Dynasty. Birds and mirrors; There are many kinds of flower-and-bird mirrors in Song Dynasty, but the double phoenix mirror is the most exquisite and popular. The double phoenix mirrors are mostly round, and the theme decoration is generally double phoenix. Phoenix is very big, and its body is covered with mirrors. Many mirrors are rarely decorated except for the twin peaks. The double phoenix is surrounded from beginning to end, shaped like a paper-cut pattern, with delicate and gorgeous wings. In particular, the tail feathers are exaggerated and deformed, some are like three slender vines, some are like a curly diamond-shaped flower, and some are stretched out in a diamond shape. It can be said that the double phoenix mirror is a masterpiece of bronze mirror decoration in Song Dynasty. Mirror of Fairy Tales: There are many kinds of bronze mirrors with rich contents. There are Flying Fairy Mirror, Fairy Dragon Descending Mirror, Two Immortals Crossing the Sea, Lohan Crossing the Sea, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon Mirror, Moon Palace Mirror and Cowherd and Weaver Girl Mirror. Legends of people have richer themes. Mainly include: Cuju tattoo mirror, dressing mirror, Wang Zhi Guan Yi mirror, Ningqi Fanniu mirror, Qigong figure mirror, He Jiong Qishou figure mirror, memorial figure mirror and Xuanyuan mirror. There are many mirrors, such as Luohan Tattoo Mirror, He Jiong Hand-in-Hand Figure Mirror, Wang Zhi Guan Yi Mirror, Ningqi Fanniu Mirror, Memorial Figure Mirror, etc. Visit the mirror: there are pavilions, small bridges and flowing water, big trees, people and waiters in front of the pavilions. A man on the bridge bowed. At present, there are nearly 10 faces. Among them, it is particularly important to determine the age of the three-year tomb of Huizong Chongning in Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Ning Niujing: This painting is divided into two parts: land and water. There is a big tree and two people on the ground. One morning glory, waves in the water. At present, there are as many as seven or eight sides known. Knowing the scenery: This painting also has two parts: land and water. There is a big tree on the ground. Under the tree, there are two players playing chess. Watching the game alone, someone is walking on the shore. ? Fig. 5 Eight Diagrams Mirror: The forms of Eight Diagrams Mirror in Song Dynasty are the most diverse. Judging from the combination of gossip and other patterns, there is a magic gossip mirror, that is, gossip is organized with Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu. The Eight Diagrams Mirror of the Twelve Earthly Branches (Figure 6)

Bagua Mirror, Dragon Tiger Bagua Mirror, Chinese Zodiac Bagua Mirror, Bagua Inscription Mirror, Bagua Mirror, no matter the design is complex or simple, Bagua is very prominent. The arrangement of Bagua mirrors in Song Dynasty is still arranged according to the orientation of Yi Lun Gua. The dry hexagrams are all in the northwest, and the Kun hexagrams are all in the southwest ... It is different from the position of the South Dry hexagrams and the North Kun hexagrams advocated by Shao Yong, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, and conforms to the position of the Eight Diagrams. Other patterns are also arranged in strict azimuth order. For example, the four gods press East Qinglong, West White Tiger, South Suzaku, North Xuanwu and Zodiac. Rat North, noon? Manan location arrangement. The Eight Diagrams Mirror in Song Dynasty comes from the tomb of Huizong Chongning in Northern Song Dynasty 1 104, Huizong Zhenghe in Northern Song Dynasty 1 139 and Shaoxing Jiunian1139. It can be seen that they were particularly popular in the late Northern Song Dynasty and early Southern Song Dynasty. Trademark mirror: the so-called trademark inscription is to cast a rectangular inscription on one or both sides of the mirror button, and its contents are mostly region, shop, font size, craftsman's surname and so on. People divide the casting area into Huzhou mirror, Jiankang mirror, Chengdu mirror, Hangzhou mirror and Raozhou mirror ... Huzhou mirror: the common forms are diamond, sunflower, square, strip and handle. There are many kinds of inscriptions, among which Shi Jiaming is the most, such as: "A bronze statue of Shi Jiazhen opposite to the South Restaurant of Yifeng Bridge in Huzhou" and "A bronze statue of Uncle Zhen Shi in Huzhou, each with 200 words". According to archaeological data, Huzhou mirror was popular in the late Northern Song Dynasty and most popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Hangzhou Mirror: "Hangzhou Hammer Bronze Zhao Zi, the lower bank of Yuezhou Qingdao Bridge opens to the west", "Hangzhou Zhengaojia Bronze Zhao Zi" and other inscriptions. Chengdu Mirror: The inscription reads "Chengdu Gong Jiaqing bronze statue". Jiankangjing: The inscription reads "Notes on Copper Smelting in Jiankangfu". Raozhou Mirror: The inscription looks like "bronze statue of Xu Jiaqing in Xinqiao, Raozhou". ?

In addition, there are Jizhou, Suzhou, Mingzhou, Changzhou and Xiuzhou. This article does not list them one by one. Auspicious inscriptions and mirrors; Auspicious inscriptions are the main content of bronze mirrors, many of which have no other decoration. For example, the inscription mirror for Fushou is divided into two circles. The inscription on the inner circle is Fushou Jiaan, and each word has a happy pattern. The inscription on the outer ring is a family heirloom and will always be used as a treasure. Unearthed in Zhu Ping, Henan and Liaocheng, Shandong. Mirror of the inscription of loyalty and filial piety: the inscription is divided into two circles, the inner circle is the home of loyalty and filial piety, and the outer circle is the inscription of longevity, wealth, family and Yongchang. Exquisite inscription mirror: round with handle, with two lines of inscriptions on the back: "exquisite in all directions" and "I can't sit with my mouth" Unearthed from the tomb of Southern Song Dynasty in Wuchang, Hubei. According to the data of unearthed tombs, this auspicious inscription mirror was mainly popular in the Southern Song Dynasty. These mirror inscriptions have outstanding characteristics, the font is seal script, and the number of words is mostly eight? There are also four characters in the inner area and eight characters in the outer area, which are arranged vertically in a circle. The latter is mostly two rows and one row of four characters. The font is relatively large, the strokes are clear, the content is popular, and there are no gorgeous words. Plain mirror: There are many plain mirrors unearthed from tombs in the Song Dynasty, most of which have no ornamentation and inscriptions on the back, and a few mirrors have several circles of patterns, such as round, square, square, handle and sunflower, mostly small buttons. Many tombs unearthed in Su Jing have epitaphs, including Yuan You Fu Yuan in the Northern Song Dynasty, the main road in the Southern Song Dynasty, Xichun, Qingyuan, Jiading and Baoqing. Judging from the forms of mirrors unearthed in these tombs, the mirrors unearthed in the Southern Song Dynasty were all sunflower-shaped and diamond-shaped. 2. Some important features of the bronze mirrors in the Song Dynasty Among the bronze mirrors in various times in China, the bronze mirrors in the Song Dynasty have the most abundant shapes, such as round, square, rectangle, diamond, bell, shield, kettle and chicken. From the mirror shape alone. This is unprecedented. As far as the alloy composition of China bronze mirror is concerned, Song mirror is also an important turning point. The Song mirror is different from the Han and Tang mirrors in that the tin content decreases and the lead content increases, so the bronze color of the Han and Tang mirrors is silvery white, but brass, and its texture is not as hard as that of the Han and Tang mirrors, and it becomes rough and soft. Paying attention to practicality rather than decoration is the biggest feature of mirrors in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, except for the name, mirrors with trademark inscriptions without any ornamentation were extremely popular. This kind of situation can hardly be seen in the mirror of the Tang Dynasty. Third, the comparison between the mirrors of the Song Dynasty and those of other times; Before the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, most Pisces mirrors were gold mirrors. At present, there is no Pisces mirror that can be inlaid in the Tang Dynasty, and there are few Pisces mirrors in the Song Dynasty. Dragon mirror: The most popular dragon mirror in the Tang Dynasty is Panlong mirror, and Ssangyong is rare. In the previous generation, on the other hand, there were few single dragons, and Ssangyong was the most popular with outstanding characteristics. There are both single dragon mirrors and double dragon mirrors in the Jin Dynasty. Ssangyong is connected end to end and symmetrical left and right, but unlike Song Jing, the head is at the bottom and the tail is at the top. Bagua mirror: It became popular in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and it was the most popular in the Song Dynasty. Rich in variety, very few in Jin Dynasty. Fairy character story mirror: the difference between Song and Tang dynasties is obvious, but the golden mirror of Song and Yuan dynasties is not clear. Judging from the current materials, Song Jing likes to use, rather cattle, immortals crossing the sea, worshipping characters and other themes. Jin Jing likes to use Xu You Chao Fu, Liu Yi to pass books, Wu Niu to pass the moon, Hai Bo, and the boy who climbs the flower mirror. In the past, due to the confusion of some Song and Jin mirrors, similar mirrors engraved with the word "check" were considered as gold mirrors, while others were considered as coming mirrors, such as sea mirrors. The unearthed data now prove that this kind of mirror is a popular mirror in Jin Dynasty. Some mirrors in the Ming Dynasty, especially those with trademark inscriptions, used to be regarded as Song mirrors. With the increase of information, the characteristics of two kinds of mirrors are gradually summarized. For example, the brand name mirror, the long square of the Song mirror bar is on one side or both sides of the button, and the mirrors are mostly small circles and squares, mostly on the mirror button. Most of the inscription mirrors are made by XXX, and there are almost no Song mirrors. The lake mirror in Song Dynasty was the most famous, and the lake mirror in Ming Dynasty was the most famous, and its names were mostly symbolic, named Yu Feng, He, Quan and. It seems that such a surname is actually a trademark. Auspicious Inscription Mirror: Song Jingming's inscriptions are mostly two characters, which are divided into two areas, inside and outside, or vertically arranged on both sides of buttons. In the Ming Dynasty, there were mainly four words, which were arranged in the top, bottom, left and right respectively, and their contents were the most popular auspicious words of China people. For example, the dragon and phoenix are auspicious, the fifth son is admitted to the subject, the top scholar is the best, the longevity is rich, and doing good deeds is the most fun.