The cost of raising a native rooster is about 20 yuan based on a weight of 3.5 kilograms. For a scale of 3,000, the investment is about 60,000 yuan; if the local people like to eat hens, the total investment is to raise 3,000 hens. Around 40,000 yuan.

Raising native chickens requires a relatively wide open space. Raising 3,000 chickens requires about 5-10 acres of open space.

It is best to plant a certain area of ??pasture for raising native chickens. It is best to use a variety of combinations for planting pasture, such as using leguminous pasture (alfalfa) with a relatively high protein content in combination with sweet sorghum and Mexican corn. Plant it and use it with whole grains to feed chickens to reduce feed costs and improve the quality of native chickens.

Chapter 1 Breeding Site and Chicken Coop

Section 1 Site Selection:

For professional chicken raising, the breeding site should be at least 400 meters away from roads and rivers , far away from populated areas (villages, factories, schools, residents and other livestock and poultry farms, etc.), with convenient transportation, leeward and sunny, high and dry terrain, sufficient non-polluted water sources, and convenient drainage. There should be a clear dividing line between the breeding site and the external agent to facilitate closed breeding. It is advisable to choose orchards, bamboo gardens, tea gardens, woods or artificial grasslands with good ecological conditions as grazing areas to ensure that the chickens can fully forage and move easily.

Section 2 Chicken Coop Construction:

According to economic conditions and needs, either a permanent chicken house or a simple chicken house can be built. At present, the majority of farmers can build flat or tiered chicken houses according to local conditions and use local methods to scientifically raise and manage chickens, so as to achieve great benefits with a small investment.

Visits to the breeding site are prohibited, and breeding equipment is not allowed to be taken out of the breeding area. Pay attention to site hygiene and disinfect the site regularly (10-15 days) or irregularly; Clean and disinfect thoroughly once every five days in winter and spring. Non-production personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the breeding area. When production personnel enter the production area, they must change into sterilized work clothes, hats, and shoes in the disinfection room. They must wash their hands and disinfect their hands before entering the production area through the disinfection pool to ensure the health of the chickens.

Chapter 2 Hatching and Breeding

Section 1 Artificial Hatching:

Put the selected and sterilized eggs into a sterilized and ready-to-use incubator (or fire kang) Inside, with a constant temperature of 37-39°C and a relative humidity of 65%, the eggs were illuminated for the first time on the fifth day of incubation, and no sperm or dead sperm eggs were detected. On days 11-15, the eggs are photographed again to detect stillbirths and infertile eggs that were leaked in the first test. On the 19th day, the chicks are placed on the tray and transferred to the hatcher. The temperature is 36.5-38.6°C and the relative humidity is 70%. The chicks hatch out on the 21st day. After the feathers are dry (within 24 hours), they are vaccinated and the weak chicks are eliminated and the normal chicks are eliminated. Transfer to the brood room.

Section 2 Brooding

Brooding is a meticulous and important task, which not only affects the growth and development of chicks, but also affects the egg and meat production performance of adult chickens in the future. According to the area and space occupied by the chicks, artificial brooding can be roughly divided into two categories: flat brooding and vertical brooding. Therefore, to do a good job in brooding when raising chickens, you should pay attention to the following points:

1. Choose the brooding season:

Spring chicks (March-May) are the best. In spring, the temperature is moderate, the air is dry, and the sunshine time is long, which facilitates the movement of chicks. The chickens have good physical fitness, rapid growth and development, and a high survival rate. Spring chicks start laying early, the first biological egg-laying year lasts a long time, lay many eggs, have large eggs, and have high seed value.

Summer chicks (June-August). Summer brooding is easy to keep warm and the lighting time is long, but the temperature is high, there is a lot of rain, and the humidity is high, the chicks are prone to diseases and the survival rate is low. For example, if the feeding and management conditions are poor, the growth and development of the chickens will be hindered, the chickens will have poor physical condition, they will not start laying that year, the egg production duration will be short, and they will produce few eggs.

Autumn chicks (September to November). External conditions are better than in summer, development is smooth, sexual maturity is early, and egg production starts early, but adult body weight and egg weight are reduced, and egg laying time is short.

Winter chicks (December to February of the following year). The heat preservation time is long, the activities are mostly indoors, and there is a lack of sufficient sunlight and exercise. The development will be affected to a certain extent, but there are fewer diseases and the brooding rate is higher. Due to the long breeding time, the feeding cost is higher.

2. Brooding house:

Prepare the brooding house. The brooding house should be clean and disinfected to prepare for the entry of chicks. At the same time, prepare feed, bedding materials (for raising on flat ground, usually bran, pine hair, and chopped grass), medicines, and utensils.

3. Brooding

(1) Drinking water and eating (drink water first and then eat): The water temperature is 15-20℃. In the chicks’ first drinking water, add 100 mg/L of water per liter of water. Add 50 grams of glucose and 1 gram of vitamin G, and then use 1/10,000 potassium permanganate solution (just make it light red) for the chicks to drink water freely once. Chicks transported over long distances should be fed with 5% glucose and penicillin in drinking water, or supplemented with vitamins and trace element additives. Start eating at the right time. When about 1/3 of the chicks are showing signs of foraging, they can start eating. In order to improve the digestibility of the chicks, a small amount of fine sand (not more than 1%) can be mixed into the diet after 1 week, or it can be filled with a separate food plate and allowed to eat freely. 1,000 units of gentamicin and penicillin each time can be added to the drinking water 3-5 days after hatching.

(2) Suitable temperature and light density

Temperature: Generally, the temperature required during brooding is higher, 26-33℃, and it will drop from 33℃ to 31℃ in the first week after hatching. After that, the temperature will drop by 3°C every week, and the temperature will gradually drop to normal outdoor temperature, which is the de-temperature time. Generally, the de-temperature time for brooding is short in summer and longer in winter. The keeping temperature of growing chickens and adult chickens is relatively low, 15-20℃.

Humidity: The general relative humidity is: 60-70% in the first week, 55-60% in the second week, and then maintained at 45-55% until the grazing environment humidity is reached.

Lighting: 24 hours of light for 1-5 days old, with an intensity of 0.37m2 and a light source of 1 watt, 1 watt per square meter after the 6th day, 0.5 watt per square meter after the second week, after deheating Grazing mainly uses natural light.

Density: should be controlled within the appropriate density. The more suitable density for flat brooding is 50 birds per square meter within 3 days of age, 40 birds per square meter within 10 days of age, and 30 birds within 20 days of age. After de-temperature grazing, 100-300 animals can be grazed in one acre of orchard, woods or bamboo garden.

Chapter 3 Feeding and Management

Section 1 Feeding and Management of Dewarmed Chicks

Chicks have poor adaptability to the natural environment after dewarming. When moving from the brooding room to a new site, you must first pay attention to maintaining a certain temperature (slightly lower than 1°C in the brooding room). Keep 30 birds per square meter indoors, and provide feed and sufficient drinking water three times throughout the day. After the chicks are 30 days old, they can be allowed to roam outdoors when the weather is fine. In the afternoon, they can be put into the chicken coop before the sun sets. After they are 40 days old, they can be grazed all day long. The outdoor density should not exceed 5 animals per square meter, and the grazing rate should be 300 animals per acre. Use chick feed before 30 days of age, feed a mixture of chick feed and medium chicken feed between 30 and 40 days of age, feed medium chicken feed after 40 days of age, if used as reserve breeder chickens, start feeding adult chickens after 50 days of age Feed the patient, provide clean and sufficient drinking water throughout the day, add preventive medicine to the drinking water three times a week, and treat any disease in a timely manner.

Section 2: Breeding and Management of Breeding Chickens

Chickens aged 2-5 months are grown-up chickens. At this stage of feeding, protein and energy requirements are low, with crude protein 17% and digestible energy 2900 kcal/kg. Farmers with grazing conditions must combine grazing with supplementary feeding. Those without grazing conditions must provide sufficient green feed in addition to an outdoor sports ground of a certain area. Each grown-up chicken consumes 0.075-0.1 kg of feed and 0.06 kg of green supplement. Sufficient drinking water is provided throughout the day, and preventive drugs are fed 1-2 times a week; pastured chickens are fed one-third of their daily feed consumption in the morning. Feed another two-thirds when returning to the nest in the afternoon; those raising commercial broilers should be fed medium-sized chicken feed, and should be raised in fences and supplemented with green feed. This can maintain the delicious taste and comprehensive nutrition of the natural food of native chickens, and reduce unnecessary According to the feed consumption, the breeding time of commercial broiler chickens should not exceed 3.5 months, and the optimal slaughter weight is 1.5-1.75 kg, which is the best benefit. The grazing land should be in an orchard, bamboo garden, forest tea garden or artificial grassland. 150-300 animals per acre, preferably a group of 500 animals, should be kept away from natural enemies when grazing. After the native chickens raised as reserve breeders are 4.5 months old, the males and females are raised in separate groups.

Section 3: Feeding and management of adult chickens

Adult chickens can be divided into two categories: commercial laying hens and breeder chickens. Tengchong native chickens only lay about 150 eggs per year, have small egg weight and strong clinging ability, so they are generally not raised as commercial laying hens. The feeding method of breeder chickens is not much different from that of adult chickens, but the feed needs to contain 19% crude protein, 3000 kcal/kg of digestible energy, and an appropriate amount of calcium and phosphorus. It is fed twice a day, with a daily consumption of 0.1-0.11 kg. . Breeding chickens should be raised on pasture to increase the amount of exercise and improve the quality of eggs.

The ratio of male to female breeding hens is 1:8, and there is one egg-laying box for every four laying hens. The eggs must be picked up frequently and disinfected on the same day in preparation for hatching. Breeding chickens are provided with drinking water throughout the day and preventive drugs are fed once a week. After each laying year, the breeding chickens are eliminated in a timely manner in order to obtain higher economic benefits.

Section 4 Chicken Immunization Procedures

The entire process from hatching to elimination and sale of chicks must be carried out according to the vaccination procedures to ensure the quality of the chickens. The following vaccination procedures are for reference .

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5-day-old chickens with Newcastle disease strain II and transmitted double vaccine are given by eye or nose drops

12-day-old chickens with attenuated infectious bursitis vaccine drink water

Day 20 Fowl pox vaccine, summer chick vaccination

27-day-old chicken Newcastle disease series II or III vaccine drinking water booster immunization

65-day-old chicken Newcastle disease series I vaccine intramuscular injection

90-day-old avian cholera vaccine should be injected intramuscularly with domestic vaccine every 10 days and then injected again every 10 days

Once the immunization program is determined and tested to be feasible, do not change it at will. Chickens sold must be marked with the name of the vaccination, age, breed, etc. for inspection.

Chapter 4 Prevention and Control of Main Common Diseases

Section 1 Newcastle Disease

Newcastle Disease (Asian Chicken Fever) is an acute and severe infectious disease of chickens. Different breeds, ages, seasons, and genders are all susceptible to infection and disease, and the mortality rate is extremely high. It can be transmitted through contact with the air. It often becomes an acute epidemic in new epidemic areas. The main characteristics are dyspnea, diarrhea, nervous disorder, rapid spread, and high death rate. There is currently no effective treatment, and vaccination can only be used to immunize. Pay attention to environmental hygiene. , Regular disinfection, isolation and isolation, and taking comprehensive prevention and control measures to prevent the occurrence of this disease.

Section 2: Pullorum in Chickens

Pullorum in Chickens is a common bacterial infectious disease that is very harmful. It mainly affects chicks and mostly occurs in chicks under two weeks old (the pathogen is Salmonella pullorum), if not treated promptly, the chick mortality rate is high.

Characteristics: Sick chicks are lethargic, have lost appetite, have disheveled fetal hair, hide in dark places, shrink their necks, half-close their eyes, droop their wings, stand still, have white diarrhea, and often have villi stuck around the anus. After drying, it will form hard lumps and block the anus. The sick chicks will scream when defecating. The adult chickens are infected in a latent process, and only the production performance will decrease. They will discharge white and green dilute feces, and the sick chickens will become carriers of the bacteria.

Treatment:

1. Use 0.06% Furazolin in drinking water for no more than three days, the effect is better.

2. Use Weidaxin drinking water or virus-killing mix.

3. You can also use 100,000 units of gentamicin in drinking water for 2 days. You can also use fluoxamic acid, Lemecin 0.1% in drinking water, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. , Feeding with sulfonamide drugs (mixed at a proportion of 0.2%).

4. Feed with garlic juice for prevention. Mash garlic and add water 10-20 times, 0.5-1 ml per chicken, 4 times a day, for 3 days.

5. Ingredients for purslane soup

Section 3 Avian Cholera

Avian cholera is also called poultry hemorrhagic septicemia, referred to as poultry cholera. Septicemia is an acute septicemia disease that can affect poultry. Chickens and ducks are the most susceptible, while geese are less susceptible and are endemic. The morbidity and mortality rates are very high in newly infected areas. The disease mostly occurs in chickens over two months old. The main characteristic of this disease is severe diarrhea.

Symptoms: The incubation period of natural diseases is generally 2-9 days. In the most acute cholera, the sick chickens have no obvious pathological symptoms and die suddenly. Most cases are acute symptoms, mainly characterized by lack of energy, ruffled feathers, necking and closing eyes, hunched back, and standing alone. The body temperature is as high as 43-44°C, the appetite is lost, thirsty and thirsty, the crown and beard are black, breathing is accelerated, and nasal secretions increase. Sick chickens often have severe diarrhea and yellow or vegetable-green loose feces. Chronic chickens have diarrhea, loss of appetite, become emaciated and die. Some sick chickens can become carriers after recovery.

Treatment:

1. Inject 2-5 units of penicillin intramuscularly into adult chickens three times a day.

2. The daily dosage of oxytetracycline per chick is 0.15-0.3 grams orally for 7 consecutive days.

3. Sulfathiazole (ratio 0.5-1%), sulfamethazine (ratio 0.5%), Tiandiwenning and other drugs can be mixed in proportion and fed for treatment. The proportion of similar drugs used in water diversion is 0.1%.

Section 4 Avian Typhoid

Avian typhoid is an acute infectious disease caused by Salmonella avian typhi, which mainly occurs in chickens, ducks, turkeys and other poultry. Chickens over three weeks old are susceptible to this disease, which is often sporadic. Generally, the onset is acute and the mortality rate varies. The sick chickens become carriers after recovery, and the disease has a greater impact on the production performance of the chickens. Chronic diseased chickens have cardiac effusion, gray-white foreign bodies on the surface of internal organs, and enlarged spleen and kidneys. The incubation period is generally 4-5 days, and the course of disease is 3-10 days. Sick chickens are listless, standing dumbly, with half-closed eyes, loose feathers, and drooping heads. In acute cases, the crown and beard are dark red; the appetite disappears, the mouth drinks, the body temperature is 43-44°C, and the breathing is accelerated; diarrhea, yellow feces or yellow syndrome Color, sometimes bloody feces, and a large amount of feces on the feathers near the anus.

Preventive and control measures:

1. Intramuscular injection of chloramphenicol, chloramphenicol tablets or furazolidine, and nitrofuracil at a ratio of 0.01-0.04% for feeding for 7 days. . Or feed with oxytetracycline or sulfa drugs.

2. It is strictly prohibited to enter chickens from sick or infected chicken farms. At the same time, disinfection and sanitation work should be carried out, and feeding and management should be strengthened.

Section 5 Poultry Typhoid

This disease is a general term for diseases caused by a variety of bacilli of the genus Salmonella in addition to pullorum and typhoid fever. It mainly affects young birds. The disease is often endemic. It is characterized by diarrhea, conjunctiva and emaciation, and can cause death in batches.

The incubation period for chicks under two weeks old is 8-12 hours. The onset is rapid and the sick chickens have diarrhea. A few sick chickens have difficulty breathing, with symptoms such as paralysis and convulsions. The course of the disease is 1-4 days, and the mortality rate is generally 10%, sometimes as high as 80% or more. Chronic paratyphoid fever often occurs in chickens aged 2 to 3 months. The main symptoms are diarrhea, blood in the feces, and sometimes coagulated fibrinous exudate in the abdominal cavity. Adult chickens suffering from this disease often do not show symptoms, and the intestinal bacteria are present for 9-16 months.

Treatment: Chloramphenicol, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, sulfamethazine or sulfamethine can be used, mixed and fed according to the proportion, or intramuscular injection.

Pay attention to eliminating infected chickens and take comprehensive prevention and control measures.

Section 6 Chicken Infectious Bronchitis

Chicken infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious infectious disease caused by viral viruses.

This disease can occur in all poultry regardless of age or gender. It is mostly acute and has a high mortality rate. The disease is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Clinical features: incubation period of 2-5 days, respiratory disturbance, rales, cough, runny nose, depression, reduced food intake, drowsiness with half- or fully-closed eyes, loose feathers, drooping wings, swollen sinuses, and discharge from the nose. Mucus, tearful eyes, gradual weight loss, chicks are susceptible.

Preventive and control measures:

Choose drinking water such as Chonghuxiao, Hurazon, and erythromycin sulfate. Kanamycin and gentamicin can also be given intramuscularly. Drinking water can also be used. Use other effective drug treatments for the respiratory tract.

In recent years, attenuated vaccines have been used for vaccination through nose drops, eye drops, drinking water, sprays and other methods, which have achieved certain results.

The general treatment effect is not very satisfactory; the main thing is to strengthen feeding and management, prevent the introduction of diseases, and carry out vaccination according to regulations.

Section 7 Infectious Laryngotracheal Disease

This disease is an acute contact infectious disease in chickens caused by a virus and is characterized by dyspnea, wheezing, and coughing. The lesions mainly harm the larynx and trachea, spread rapidly, and have a high mortality rate.

Prevention and treatment measures:

There is no effective treatment for this disease, and only symptomatic treatment is generally used. Cleaning and disinfection should be done regularly, feeding and management should be strengthened, vaccination should be carried out, and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be adopted.

Section 8 Chicken Coccidiosis

Chicken coccidiosis is a common protozoal disease of chickens caused by Eimeria. It has a rapid onset and is not treated in time. The mortality rate is as high as 70-80%, and the chicks die within 5-7 days after infection. Main features: Acute type, more common in chicks, with listlessness, feathers standing upright, head curling, loss of appetite, preference for drinking water, anemia, weight loss, blood-like feces, blood around the anus after death, and insect eggs on microscopic examination.

Treatment: 1. Chlorphenyl 0.005% mixture can also be used to treat the disease with drug mixtures such as Antiglobulin and Compound Dimethonium or drinking water. At the same time, chicks should be raised online to reduce infection.

Section 9: Other intestinal parasites in chickens

Raising grown-up chickens or adult chickens with supplementary green feed, grazing, etc. are susceptible to intestinal parasites, such as roundworms, tapeworms, etc. .

Treatment: Deworm every 1-2 months: anti-worming, levamisole or other drugs can be used according to the recommended dosage.