Zheng Yisheng has a wide range of friends, and has many contacts with contemporary celebrities, especially Gu Yunzhi. The original "Weeping Gu Shigong" said that "you have friends all your life, and Zheng Qing is the most romantic". Gu Yun (1845— 1906) was born in Jiangning (Nanjing). Gong Sheng at the age of 18. Without Ren Xia, who lost his parents and was unrestrained,/kloc-began to study diligently at the age of 0/8. Fake museum, Lv Xue, entertaining poems and wine. I traveled to Jilin in the evening, and then I chose Yixing as my tutor and worked as a professor in Changzhou. There are eight volumes of Lushan Lu Wen, two volumes of Lushan Shi Lu, eight volumes of Zhong Zhong Lu, one volume of Ji Shan Zhi, one volume of Ji Shan Road Yi, two volumes of Liaoyang Lu Wenjian and Jilin Tongzhi. Chen wrote a biography of Gu Xuebo. Gu Yun mentioned their acquaintance in Preface to Zheng Fu Zheng Shoulian's Legacy:

Zhang Jizhi, Tongzhou, once said that Zheng Su was a sacred place in the clouds. After a few years, Chen Youlian of Min County saw it and decided to make friends. It's a long story to talk about Su's years in xiaosheng, but it's daunting to talk about learning and its Excellence.

Zhang Jizhi's name is Zhang Jian (1853-1926), whose real name is Ji Zhi, whose word is Sian, and he is from Jiangsu. In the second year of Guangxu (1876), Zhang Jian met Gu Yun. In the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), Zhang Jian met Haizang and admired Zheng very much. Since then, he has often mentioned this matter to Gu Yun. Gu and Zheng really know each other because of Chen Youlian. Chen Zonglian (1847— 1894) is a native of Min County. Guangxu eight years (1882) Jinshi. Administrative officer of the Ministry of Industry, Jiangnan alternate road, worked as Jiangnan supervisor for more than ten years. Chen Youlian's first appearance in "The Diary of a Hidden Sea" is also relatively late. In the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), on March 3rd1day, "it was too late to talk". But at this time, it is obvious that I am already familiar with it. For the people who first appeared in the diary of a hidden sea, most of them will explain their names and places of origin, rather than using words to match them. Besides, Haizang and Chen Youlian are closely related. As early as the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), Zheng Hui tried wine in his hometown, and Chen Lianting, Chen Youlian's father, invited Haizang to drink. Haizang called him "Grandmother-in-law" and stayed in his den. During his stay in Nanjing, Zheng He and Chen Youlian lived together for a few days, and it was often a poem-bell play. Yi Shunding's poem clock tells a dream: "The story of a poem clock has been spread from the beginning of China to recent decades. According to what I have seen and heard, there are people who carve poetry bells ... there are Chen Youlian and Zheng in Jiangnan. "

In the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), Zheng went to Chen Youlian's house. Crabs are fat and wine is mellow. The two sighed relatively: "This year is the ninth year, and I don't know what will happen next year." In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), Chen Youlian died in Nanjing at the end of October. Zheng Yuan was in Japan at that time, and it was only in February that he learned of his death from Shenbao. "He felt sad and worried about it. My parents are here, so sad! Family planning is very embarrassing and suffers greatly. " On April 6 th, it was an elegy: "Riding a whale is full of sweat, feeling sorry for others, but under the white world; Peach and plum spring breeze, river and lake night rain, because you cover up Fu Weng. " The second part uses the valley's "Peach and Plum with a glass of wine, ten years of rivers and lakes and one night of rain", because Chen Youlian once told him that he liked these two poems very much when he was a teenager and once carved them on the pen bed. Two years later, Haizang wrote to Chen Youlian, and Chen Youlian passed Hou Fu's memory of his dead friend and recorded it in his diary. Recalling the past, I am very sad. There is a saying:

In those days, we didn't meet every day, and it was difficult to talk about music at night. You don't tell me that you have been drinking for a long time, but you are chasing me and the water. Looking up at the sky and sighing, it was not my intention to destroy it. Ziyi loves himself for the benefit of the world, but he is drunk. I only have one Niu Jiao alive, and I was forced to send it over my shoulder.

Can not help but remind people of Chen Youlian's feelings at a dinner hosted by Haizang shortly after his death:

I have been wandering since I was 20 years old, and I have made many friends in the past ten years. In the past three years, I lost three friends, Chen Bi, Ke Zhuang and You Lian. ..... Youlian is in Jiangning Shuaifu and has a good relationship with Yuhuan. She will be sent to see you every day, and she will be sent with her own when she goes. One day, the guests were very busy, so I wanted to go first and left without telling you. Especially in the middle of the chase, he was already drunk, shaking his hand and sighing: "Zi is very human. Although I have never seen him, I don't want to destroy myself too much. " Three monarchs, if they have friends all their lives, I will get back together in a long-distance relationship! From now on, even if you have new knowledge, you can't get the benefits and sorrows of your old friends. When pitching, tears fell into the air, four people suddenly sat down, and Yu Nai dropped a cup.

This passage is really appropriate as a footnote to this poem. This is probably one of the most touching descriptions of friendship in Haizang's diary, and any explanation is powerless and redundant.

In the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), Zheng returned to Nanjing from Beijing. 165438+1October 2 1, Gu Yun first appeared in the diary, "At night, drinking in Fuguiyuan, meeting Mei Shaoan, Qin and Gu Zipeng". Since then, there have been many records about Gu Yun in his diary. On February 25th, 65438, he met Qin and Gu Yun in Gu Yun's hometown, where Gu Yun gave a lecture with excellent scenery. On September 28th, the 15th year of Guangxu (1889), Gu Yun sent someone to give it to Zheng, and presented two poems, Shaoluo Deprived the Disaster of the Temple of Heaven and Yishui Deprived the Railway, which were not recorded in Shaoshan Poetry. 10 June 16, Weng Tiemei gave a banquet in the fake thatched cottage, where Gu Yun and Hai Cang were present. Gu Yun occupied: "Xiqiao went to ring the bell in the north, and the water was ten miles away. How many idle people come to appreciate, Qiu Guang is good outside the Mid-Autumn Hall. " This poem did not appear in the records of Yi Shan Shi Hua, but it was recorded in Hai Zang Diary. 2 1, Zheng rode a donkey alone to see Gu Zipeng and talked for a long time in Hujugang. They both went to Qin, but Qin was ill. This day Zheng read Gu Yun's seven five-character poems and said:

The first step of poetry is really simple, one or two poems are not clumsy; However, there is no problem with hate. The ancients said that it is better to have me in poetry, and the servant said that there is only one me in poetry, so there are few poems. There are many poems that should be read and heard for a while. Those who look back, that is, they don't need poetics, but still want to textual research the story, so my poems don't waste, and the ancients don't have to.

This is the first time in Gu Yun's diary that his poems are clearly evaluated, which is still relatively high. In his early years, Chen Yan asked his poets in Jiangzuo, and he quoted Feng Xu and Gu Yun, saying that it was difficult for them to manage poetry. 165438+1October 2, Zheng He Weng Tiemei went, and Gu Yunzhi's eldest son Gu Xiaoxun married his niece Wu. On this day, he won the lottery, and Zheng Heweng was the matchmaker. Gu Yunzhi's eldest son, Gu Xiaoxun, studied under Chen Youlian and Miao. 165438+1At the end of October, Zheng received letters from Shen Yuqing, Wang Kezhuang and others urging him to go north. The letter said: "Those who are restless will eventually die."

This year, Gu Yun's Jishan and A Record of Jishan were published, and the word Jishan was written by Zheng. There are two volumes of Records of Poems in Kunshan, including 200 poems from the fifth year of Guangxu (1879) to the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889). Among them, Zheng's poems are all under the volume, written between Dinghai (1887) and (1889). It only involves thinking about traveling alone in Wulongtan to read Zheng Su Temple, discussing poetry and life, giving Su Temple a small shadow, and the feeling of joining Su Temple on the green pavilion in the rain. Unfortunately, there were not many poems written by Zheng in his early years. The poems of Haicang Building began in the Year of Ugliness (1889), but there was no poem after the 15th year of Guangxu reign of Gu Yun (1889), so there was only one poem corresponding to it. Gu Yun's "Poem of washing an image with a gift from Su Kan" says: "When an old friend meets, there is nothing else to say, and he writes a poem of washing an image in Xuannan." Note: There is a sentence in Su Kan's Poems: "Leave an old friend in Runan, and you can see that your teeth are cold first. "The first and second poems in Haicang Building are" Watching the Elephant Wash on June 16th ",which shows that Gu Yun's harmony is this poem. The last sentence says" Leaving an old friend in Runan, my teeth are cold ",which is slightly different from the characters in Gu Yun's notes.

In the 17th year of Guangxu reign (1891), on May 2 1, Zheng went to Japan as an embassy clerk and left the city to say goodbye to Gu Yun. At the end of July, I received a letter from Gu Yun saying that his second son died early in May and wrote eight poems. Zheng felt that "all the words were painful and unreadable, which made it sad for a long time". Gu Yunzhi's second son, Gu, is an I-character. Volume 8 of Chen's Jinling Banknotes Collection is included in his Water Tune Song Tou. At the end of the same year, Zheng returned to China to help arrange the funeral of Mrs. Wu Taifu. At the beginning of the second year, she visited Gu Yun. After dinner, she talked about coming back very late, and Gu Yun sent it to Sanlixu. In the next few days, we struggled with poetry together. On May 4th, after Gu Yun's new house, he drank more than half with his guests. Zheng came back and Gu Yun was sent to the gate. There is a poem under Zheng Deng: "Ten years to build a solid Qin, I will stay in the east when I go to Qin. The mountain is cold, and the three of them talk about snow mud. " For ten years, the three of them have been together often. Now Gu Yun is going to Jilin, and he will go to Japan soon. I wonder when the three of them will meet again at the foot of Qingliang Mountain. Gu Yun left Nanjing this time and worked in Jilin Local Records Bureau. He didn't return to Nanjing until the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), during which he compiled Jilin Local Records and Liaoyang Lu Wenjian. On the 5th, I said goodbye to Gu Zipeng. 19, Zheng took Gubai Chen Youlian as his teacher. On the 20th, Zheng first went to Shanghai and then to Japan. At this time, Gu Yun was 47 years old and Zheng 3 1 year old.

During Zheng's stay in Japan, poetry books kept returning. In the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), Zheng was transferred to Kobe. On October 22nd, 65438/KLOC-0, he went to Mao Ting early in the morning to recite the poems sent to him by Gu Yun and others. He lingered for a long time because his name was "Huairen". There is a small preface in front of the poem "Huairen Pavilion": "Since traveling from eastern Henan to Japan, friends have been separated and sometimes sighed and abandoned in the wilderness. Zipeng, Zipei and Qiu Shuang all have poems to send. Zi Peng's poem says,' I was so happy in my early years that I feel wrong when I look up.' "This shows that I miss my teachers and friends in foreign countries. After more than 40 years, I went to Japan again as the "Prime Minister". During his stay in Kobe, he remembered the Huairen Pavilion in the department and wrote a poem: "Deliberately hurting the dream of spring, not mentioning Huairen Pavilion. White hair is gone before flowers, not ecstasy, but soul-breaking. "When pregnant people have died for many years, only his white hair is frustrating.

Zheng returned to China after the Sino-Japanese War in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894). I returned to Nanjing on August 22nd, went to Longpanli on the afternoon of 29th, met Gu, and learned that Gu Yun would come back after the winter. Although I know Gu Yun's return date, he always cares about his trace in his diary. 165438+1October 1 1, "Zipeng prepares for a rainy day from Changshun to Fengtian". Changshun is a general Changshun, surnamed Guo Buluoshi, named He Ting and Shi Zhongjing. At that time, Gu Yun and Li Guilin wrote "Jilin Tongzhi", which was basically completed. I wanted to thank him, but I was forced to stay by Changshun and failed to make it. Then he went to Fengtian with the army and didn't leave until March of the following year. It was also during this period that Gu Yun wrote Liaoyang Lu Wenjian, which is now included in Volume 50 of Series Integration Supplement. In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895) 65438+10.3, Gu told Haizang that Gu Yun had arrived in Liaoyang. April 17 "I met Wu Youming and asked about Zi Peng's whereabouts. Yan Wu has entered Beijing from Tianjin and will come back early next month. " . During this time, Gu Yun was really in Beijing, met Feng Xu whom he hadn't seen for ten years, and met friends and friends in Taoranting. Feng's poems, such as Shi Gong's Ten Years Since I Went to Liaoyang and Sent Back to Jiangzuo with this Cambodia, Zi Peng recruited Yuan Shuyu's Xu Qin in Changsha, and Zi Dan's Xiang Meng Drinking Taoranting Wine, are all the same. See the manuscript of Artemisia. /kloc-In May of 0/5, the diary of Haizang mentioned "Gu Lai, Yun Zipeng left the capital for half a month". On 23rd, Zheng received a letter from Zheng Xiaochang, saying that he had arrived in Shanghai with Gu Yun. The next day, Zheng asked Zhang Zhidong for leave and left for Shanghai that evening.

In the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), their frequent drinking parties were recorded in the Diary of the Sea and the Art Style. On February 14, Zheng visited Gu Yun. 19, Gu Yun entertained guests at home, including Zheng, Liang Dingfen, etc. Many years later, Chen Yan selected poems from teachers and friends in the stone room, and mentioned that this year in Nanjing, Liang Dingfen gave a lecture at Zhongshan Academy. He and Shen Yuqing, Zheng, Ye and others often get drunk in Liangshan of Gu Yun. Liang Dingfen, who also loves drinking, is too fat. "On the way home, I sat on my shoulder, got drunk and rolled over, and the bar broke down and fell to the ground." On July 2, Gu Yun gave Zheng two songs, and the next day, Zheng gave back "Answer May Rain". There is a saying: "Lonely Luancheng dialect is right for bed, and I love empty halls all my life. Over the years, I have been thinking about being empty, and my short hair and blue shirt have stagnated. " The Poems and Poems talk about Zheng Lian's rain, and his favorite two sentences are "It's rare for life to have rain before autumn, begging for white sleep" and "Listening to the rain all my life, loving the empty hall", which are obviously translated into Baishi's poems. This year, Gu Yun's "Loyalty and Righteousness Record" was published, with Zhang Jian and Zheng as inscriptions, Miao and Cheng Xianjia as the preface, and made a postscript. At that time, there were many poems.

In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), Zheng went to Shanghai on June 25th, but he always wanted to stay in Nanjing. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1 898), on May1day, Gu Yun and Miao went to Shanghai from Nanjing, and they had contacts with Zheng in the following days. At the end of the year, Zheng was called to Hubei by Zhang Zhidong, but he kept writing back. In September of the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), Gu Yun wrote to Zheng, asking him to go with him to Kuanglu, but failed to make it. In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Gu Yun prefaced Poems of Haicang Building. 1On October 5th, Zheng arrived in Nanjing. Two days later, he talked for a long time about "two volumes of self-cherished poems, and twenty dollars to go to Longpan to see five", which is not as good as twenty years. At that time, there was a poem "Su Xiaosheng came" on Gu Yun's desk. Haizang's diary said, "I am at a loss to buy wine." After resigning in the afternoon, Zi Peng and her husband took Yu to the bridge of Hanximen Pailou Street. This has been more than ten years. " In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Zheng was stationed in Longzhou, and only returned to Ning briefly in three years. During this period of time, Zheng's official career went smoothly, and Gu Yunzhi was already in his twilight years.

In March of the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), Gu Yun died of illness in Nanjing. On April 8 of the following year, Zheng braved the rain to pay homage to his dead friend in Yuhuatai, feeling "If you dream of the world, why mourn!" The next day, he went to Gu Yun's home, went out to worship and cried. Regarding the cause of death of Gu Yun, Yi Feng Diary said that "Gu Shigong was cruel, cried and died without illness." But his death seems to be related to drinking too much. "Equality Pavilion Poetry" Volume II is called Gu Yun:

A person who drinks excessively will never get drunk in his life. Every time you go out, take a pot of wine, visit the garden and help yourself. If there is a tendency to pass by, it will be forced to fly, and gentlemen and servants will choose it. People are often afraid and avoid it, and the world is drunk.

Chen said elegantly, "If you get drunk, you will be buried. Take Liu with you as soon as possible. What's the use of fame? I'll never forget Zheng Lao. " This not only means that he likes drinking as much as he likes, but also accords with his friendship with Zheng. I love Gu Shigong in Jiangnan, sitting in the breeze all day. As soon as Big Tiger got drunk, he was with Liu Ling. "Also compared with Liu Ling, the preface to the poem clearly reads:" I suddenly heard that Gu Shigong of Jiangnan also died drunk in Wulongtan in March. "Zheng's" Crying Gu Zipeng "is the second song:" I have been drinking all my life and can be remonstrated. Frequent years are a bit rare, and children are not as messy as they are. I'm quite familiar with it, and amateurs are afraid to look at it. When you were injured, you sat here, drunk and sweaty. " Zheng told him that only he could persuade him to drink less, but unfortunately Gu Yun was still "the same". At the beginning of the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), Zheng went to Nanjing from Wuchang. When leaving, Gu Zipeng sent him to the West Gate of the Han Dynasty. "Yu Dao:' Fortunately, don't drink too much.' Disappointed to break up. "

Zheng He and Gu Yun, the first two writers of Thirteen Books of Modern Poetry, said in The Stone Legacy: "Shi Gong is short and fat, with an old appearance and an old heart, and can write prose after drinking. Much like Su Kan's The Slender Drinker. I have said that Su Kan's poems are all works for Shi Gong's authors, and today's Selected Poems of Shi Gong is also more works for Su Kan's authors. " Haizang's "bad drinking" is due to coughing up blood in his early years and giving up drinking for a long time. So, in August of the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), he and Chen Youlian and others drank more than 30 cups at once, which caused Chen Youlian and others to feel: "I don't know if I can drink it, and the sages are unpredictable!" It can be seen that he is not unable to drink, but restrained, so he repeatedly refused Gu Yun's invitation to drink and was almost drunk by Gu Yun. After Gu Yun's death, the sea burial wrote four poems, Crying Gu Zipeng and Visiting Tai 'an Yin Temple in the Rain to Lay Dier. Volume 13 of Shi Shi Hua discusses all four poems that Gu Zipeng cried, especially the third one, Feeling dejected, which is very similar to his "Going to Houfu to Visit Lotus". Poetry cloud:

It is absolutely different to hold a theory, and the spirit is very suitable. Every time I see that I can't leave, I laugh and laugh. Xizhoumen Road, I will leave my footprints. Send it a few miles away and return alone. Where the bridge breaks, the donkey's back basks. Long live the century, stay here. It is always good to write poems for the monarch, but it is not easy to talk about the world. Dreams are still full of brocade, empty and self-pity.

This poem is plain to read. They often get together because they are like-minded, although some views are different. I can't bear to leave every time I meet you. On the road in front of Xizhou, we left our footprints. And every time he leaves, Gu Zipeng sends him far away and then comes back alone. "I sent him a few miles away and came back alone." Reading it as it is is very disappointing. "Poetry is always a good monarch", Shi Yi said this sentence is what he said, and listed Zheng's poems, such as Preface to Zhai Bi for Friends, Longtan in the Rain, Zipeng as a Small Landscape and so on. Zheng wrote many poems to Gu Yun, and Shi Yi said more than once that all the poems written by Hai Zang to Gu Yun are works. "Su Kan's poets are relatively solid, and they work very hard for Gu Zipeng, and they have no work." This is probably what we call friendship. In Shi Shi Hua, Zi Peng belongs to a small landscape and is regarded as the best seven-character quatrain written by Zheng, and praised it as "full of artistic conception and charm, and the ancients said that drinking poison to quench thirst". Haizang himself often reads the second song. The stone cultural relic "Preface to the Poems of Haicang Building" said: "You work hard for others, but you don't work hard for others. Is it as Lingyun said,' You have a good word for Huilian'?"

After Gu Yun's death, the family was embarrassed. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914) 65438+February 3 1, Mrs. Gu Yun died of illness. Gu was too poor to afford a funeral, so Zheng went to see him in the morning and paid 40 yuan. In the eighth year of the Republic of China (19 19), on July 2nd, Gu came and said that his son wanted to get married, and he wanted 200 yuan. The next day, Zheng sent one hundred yuan and promised to send another one hundred yuan. On the 28th, Zheng went to the Commercial Press to withdraw money and remit it to Gu. In the Republic of China 10 (1921) 65438+February 28th, "Wu Dimin, Gu Zipeng's son-in-law, came from Nanjing and said that he was very poor in Ning and his house had been mortgaged to Li Mei's family. I get 30 yuan a month from the library, which is only half of my family's expenses. I want to find a way to earn the rest. " More than a month later, his wife Xie Zi came to see him, and Zheng gave 60 yuan money. In the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), in February 1 1, Gu's wife came to see her, and Zheng gave her twenty yuan. In the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930), Zheng returned to Shanghai from Tianjin. Two days later, he went to mourn the death of Wu and met Gu's wife. "Zhen Fu and his son are dead, and my aunt caresses her two sons and three daughters. She still lives in Longpan, and her home is surrounded by four walls. Yu He is helping 100 yuan, but they are not enough to live by themselves. "On 23rd, Gu's wife said goodbye to him and returned to Nanjing." Yu Yun redeemed the house, and he will rent it to raise his grandson in the future. "

Zheng is so concerned about Gu Yun's family behind him that he can be said to be ashamed of his dead friend. In the poem "Answering Gu Shou's Gift from Peng Zu", there is also a sentence "Jinling Mountain is like a dream, Gu Zipeng will remember it forever". At this point, Gu Yun has been dead for more than 20 years, and Zheng is over the age of ancient times. In modern poetry, Gu Yun is not decisive, and their affinity is not the same as that advocated by poetics, but more an emotional fit. As long as Zheng is in Nanjing, they have been going back and forth frequently, whether it is drinking and fighting poems in the past few days or walking along the Wulong Lake in a light rain. The mountains and rivers are separated, and the letters have been answered. When Zheng returns to Nanjing from other places, no matter how short his stay is, he will definitely go to see Gu Yun. At the end of the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), the stone remains "Thirty-three quatrains of nostalgia at the end of the year", and the 23rd one is Gu Yun: "Drunk from Longtan to Xiqiao, 20 years of broken dreams. Wine drinkers write poems well, not only because of Jun Zheng. "

(Author: Chinese Department of Fudan University)