1. Grape varieties belong to (Ampelidecese) family, and all grape varieties belong to (Vitis) family and genus among 1 families and genera of (Ampelidecese), among which (Vitis Vinifera) is the most important, because 99.99% of the wines in the world are brewed with (Vitis Vinifera) grape varieties. Vitis Vinifera is a variety used to make good wine in Europe at present. There are more than 8, grape varieties that can make wine in the world, but there are only about 5 grape varieties that can make good wine, which can be roughly divided into two kinds: white grape and red grape. White grapes, colors are turquoise, yellow and so on. Mainly used for brewing sparkling wine and white wine. Red grapes are black, blue, purplish red and deep red in color, and some of them are dark in flesh, and some of them are colorless like white grapes. Therefore, red grapes with white flesh can be peeled and squeezed to make white wine, for example, (Pinot Noir) can be used to make champagne and white wine. 1. Cabernet Sauvignon Cabernet Sauvignon. Alias Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Sauvignon have strong flavor. Used to be the famous snow Warsaw and Sauvignon. Originated in France, it is a traditional fine variety for brewing red wine in Bordeaux, France. All the countries that produce wine in the world have a large area of cultivation. China was first introduced by Yantai Changyu Company in 1892. It is the largest red grape variety in China at present. This variety is easy to grow and brew, has strong adaptability and high quality wine, and can be made into rich and heavy red wine, which is suitable for long-term storage. However, it must be blended with other varieties (such as Merlot) and stored in oak barrels to obtain high-quality wine. It is also called "Three Beads" with Pinlizhu and Snake Dragon Beads in China. In Changli, Hebei Province, the planting area is the largest, and grapes perform best. 2. Cabernet Franc, English name of Cabernet Franc. Alias Carmen knight, original seed Cabernet. Originated in France, it is an ancient wine-making variety in Bordeaux and Loire, France, and a sister variety of Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Sauvignon. China was first introduced to Yantai, Shandong Province from Western Europe in 1892. This variety is a world-famous and ancient variety of red wine. It is fruity, light and soft, and most of it can't be stored for a long time. Its wine quality is not as good as that of Cabernet Sauvignon and its adaptability is not as good as that of Cabernet Sauvignon. Usually paired with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. In recent years, more and more Cabernet Fran single varieties of wines have appeared in California. 3. The English name of Merlot. Alias Meilu juice. Originated in France, it cooperates with other famous varieties (such as Cabernet Sauvignon) to produce excellent dry red wine in Bordraux, France. China was first introduced to Yantai, Shandong Province from Western Europe in 1892. This variety is an ancient French wine-making variety, which is used as a blending to improve the fruit aroma and color of wine. 4. Carignane is an English name. Alias Jiali wine, French red, Cabernet Sauvignon and fine wine. Originated in Spain, it is one of the ancient fine wine-making varieties in western European countries. China was first introduced to Yantai, Shandong Province from Western Europe in 1892. The brewed wine is ruby red, with positive taste and good aroma, which is suitable for blending with other varieties. Peeling can make white or pink wine, which is easy to cultivate and yield, and can be used for blending red wine and making brandy. 5. The English name of Pinot Noir is Pi Nuo Nova. Alias Pinot Noir, Pinot Noir, Black Pi Nuo, etc. Originated in France, it is an ancient famous wine-making species. China first introduced Yantai, Shandong Province from Western Europe in 1892 and Changli, Hebei Province from Japan in 1936. This variety is the main variety of famous French champagne and pink wine. It is precocious, thin-skinned, low in pigment and low in yield. It is suitable for colder regions. It has strict requirements on soil and climate. It can make dry white wine, white wine and very good sparkling wine by peeling fermentation, and it is one of the most important grape varieties of champagne. The wine is not dark in color and suitable for long storage. This is a very difficult grape variety to grow and brew, which is called a headache in wineries in California. The best growing area of this delicate noble grape variety is Burgundy, where it has the best performance. At the same time, red wine from Burgundy may be the most luxurious and expensive wine in the world. It is full of fragrance, rich in fruit fragrance when young (some people jokingly call it horse urine flavor) and berry flavor such as strawberry and cherry. When it matures, it is rich in variety, with spices, animals and leather fragrance, and it is mature and aging, with a sweet and very pleasing taste. In Germany, it is called Spatburgun der, which is mainly used to produce light, soft and early-maturing red wine. It has also performed well in California, Ohio, Austria and New Zealand. 5. Cabernet Gernischt. Originated in France, introduced in 1892. 6. Carignan is the English name of Carignan. It was once brewed with a famous wine. Originated in France, introduced in 1915. 7. English name of Shensuo (Sinsaut). Originated in France, introduced in 198. 8. Gamay, the English name of Jiamei, is Jiamei or Jiamei. Once used the name black Jiamei, red Jiamei. Originated in France, introduced in 1978. It is an important grape variety in the south of Burgundy and the Loire region of France, accounting for more than half of the production of Burgundy red wine. Generally, you should drink it while it is fresh. However, if it is produced in Braujolais Cru, such as Moulin-A-Vent, the red wine produced there can also be Fang Chen. It is characterized by low tannin, rich fruity aroma and beautiful light purplish red color. It often smells of pears and violets, especially Braurjolais Nouveau, which often smells of pears, bananas and bubble gum. It is one of the best choices for beginners, with low astringency, high fruity aroma and easy to eat after being cold. 9. Grenache's English name. Used to be Glenn Nash. Originated in Spain, introduced in 198. 1. Merlot. Originated in France, introduced in 1892. As one of the great red wine varieties in Bordeaux, it has a large yield and early maturity, rich fruity aroma, low acidity and supple tannins, which can be drunk early or stored for a long time. It is quite suitable for drinkers with urgent personality. 11. English name of Yayoi (Mission). Originally from Spain. 12. The English name of Nebiolo is Nebiolo. Used to be named Na Bihoreau. Originally from Italy, it was introduced in 1981. It is a late-maturing variety with high fruit acid, high pigment, high tannin. Mainly distributed in Piedmont, among which Barolo and Barbaresco are the most famous producing areas. The quality of the wine can be comparable to that of first-class Bordeaux red wine. The wine is as deep as a cup of tea, rich in flavor and strong in taste, with the aroma of clove, pepper, licorice, plum, dried plum, rose and bitter chocolate, which is very suitable for long-term storage. 13. Petit Verdot. Once used the name Wei Tianzi. Originally from France. Introduced in 1892. 14. English name of gemstone (Ruby Cabernet). Once used the famous gem Baina. Originated in the United States, introduced in 198. 15. The English name of Sangiovese is Sangiovese. Originally from Italy, it was introduced in 1981. Mainly planted in central Italy (Tuscany), among which Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano are the most famous. Less pigment, high acidity, high tannin, the type of wine is simple and refreshing, but also strong and rich, with the taste of tobacco and spices. 16. Sila's English name (Syrah/Shiraz) Shiha. Originated in France, introduced in 198. It is mainly planted in the Longhe region of southern France, and it is also the most important variety in Australia. Suitable for warm climate, it can brew wine with deep black color, rich fragrance and strong and spicy taste. When young, it is dominated by flowers (especially violets) and berries, and when mature, there will be peppers, cloves, leather and animals. The aging ability is no less than Cabernet Sauvignon. 17. Zeng Fangde's English name (Zinfandel) Jin Fendai. Originally from Italy, but found in the United States, it was introduced in 198. Only California in the world has developed it to the fullest. It can be said that things have "exhausted" their uses. In California, it can brew many different types of wine, from light, fresh, fruity and sweet White Zinfandel to high-quality, storage-resistant, rich and rich red wine, from sparkling wine to non-sparkling wine, and even sweet red wine, which can be said to be an acting school in grapes. 2. Types, classification and nutritional value of wine Wine is a general term for all kinds of wines with an alcohol content of not less than 7%(V/V) made from fresh grapes or grape juice by yeast fermentation. According to the color of wine, wine can be divided into three categories: red wine, white wine and pink wine, but it is difficult to see pink wine in the market. According to the sugar content of wine, it is divided into dry red wine, semi-dry red wine, semi-sweet red wine and sweet red wine. According to the pressure of carbon dioxide in wine, wine includes still wine, sparkling wine, fortified wine, grape sparkling wine and added wine. The quality of French wines can be divided into: Vins de Table, Vins de Pays, VDQS: Vins de Imites de Quealite Supnieeure and AOC：Appellation d, ongin Controlee. German wine is divided into: daily drinking table wine (landwein &; Tafelwein), QbA for short, and QmP for short. American wines can be divided into: subsidiary wines, Proprietary Wine and grape wine. Burgundy wines are classified as: regional wines, and only the producing areas such as Bourgogne and village-level wines are marked. The names of villages such as (Chablis Macon Village), (Cham bolle-Musigny) and first-class wines will be marked on the wine labels, and the names of villages and vineyards or ("ler Gru"), ("Premier Cru") and. This kind of wine does not indicate the name of the village, and sometimes it is not labeled ("Grand Cru"). Usually, it only indicates the name of the vineyard, such as (Montrachet), (Musigny) and (La Tache). Italian wines are classified into: Vind da Tavola, Doc: Denominazione de origin controlled wine, and Doc: Denominazione de origin controlled garantita. Wine is a beverage wine brewed from grape juice (pulp) by fermentation. It contains not only the nutrition of grape fruit, but also the beneficial components produced in the fermentation process. Studies have proved that wine contains more than 2 kinds of nutrients beneficial to human body, including sugar, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, polyphenols, inorganic salts, etc. These ingredients are necessary for human body and are essential for maintaining normal growth and metabolism of human body. In particular, resveratrol, a phenolic substance contained in wine, is a research feature in recent years. It has the functions of anti-oxidation, anti-aging, prevention of coronary heart disease and cancer prevention. Drinking wine in moderation every day, the death rate of heart disease is 3% of that of non-drinkers, and the probability of dementia and premature senility dementia is 25% of that of non-drinkers. Third, the varieties of wine color matching and fragrance matching are excellent varieties of color-tuned (dyed) wine, including Yan74, Late Red Honey, Red Juice Dew, Bako and so on. Among them, Tobacco 74 originated in China. In 1966, Changyu Company bred it by crossing Zibeisai and Hamburg musk, and now it is widely cultivated in Jiaodong Peninsula. Yan74 is the best color-matching variety at present, with deep and bright color, which is not easy to precipitate after long-term aging. Red juice dew is also native to China, and is bred by crossing Merlot and Weierduo. The finished wine is deep ruby red, mellow and pure in taste, and the pigment is not easy to precipitate after aging, and the aftertaste is positive, so it is especially suitable for color matching. Fourth, the naming of wine 1. Regional nomenclature Most of the ancient wine-producing regions in Europe are named in this way. For example, Bordeanx, France, and its famous producing areas such as Medoc, St. Emilion and Pomero；; ), Sauterens, Graf (Grayes), Burgundy, Chablis, Beaujolais, Nuits-Asti-George, barolo (Brolo) and Barbaresco. 2, grape variety naming method Many countries use grape varieties as wine names, so it is easier to distinguish. This naming method is mostly adopted by emerging wine-producing regions such as Australia, California and America, such as Fume Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. Of course, European wine-producing regions are also named after grape varieties, such as Alsace, France. 3. Name naming method of wineries or wine merchants Some wineries name their wines after their own factory names, such as (Ch. Margaux), (Ch. Lafite. Ch. Latour), (ch. Montenegro), (Niebaum Coppala Rubicon), (Dominus) and (Opus).