Lantian apricot is an agricultural product with geographical indication.

According to legend, when Fuxi and Nuwa created the world, they ate the century-old apricots from the big apricot tree planted by their mother, Ashi, and suddenly became spiritually energized. , created writing, refined stones to mend the sky, and established the foundation of ancient Chinese civilization. Lantian apricot cultivation has a long history, with an area of ??35,000 acres and a yield of 32,000 tons. Varieties include Big Ginkgo, Jingangquan, Lanzhou Dajie Apricot, Caoxing, Rapeseed Yellow, Maishaohuang, Baisha Apricot, Taoxing, Ginkgo White, Wanzhihong, Binding Apricot, Mei Xing, Zhang Gongyuan, and Golden Sun. etc., available for fresh consumption, processing, and kernel use. The same variety, different terrain, the maturity period is spread out, and it will be on the market from late May to early July. The Lantian Ginkgo fruit with local characteristics is round in shape, with orange flesh and a well-proportioned fruit. The weight of a single fruit is 110g-180g. The pulp has less fiber and more pulp. It contains 12.3% soluble solids, 9.3% total sugar, and titratable acid. 1.5%. The fruit tastes sweet and delicious. The core is nearly round-shaped and sweet from the core. It matures in early June. In 1992, the Fourth National Apricot and Plum Academic Symposium was held in Lantian. The participating experts fully affirmed the production of Lantian apricots, and the large ginkgo varieties were highly praised. The products are exported to Haikou, Nanning, Shenzhen and other places, and the market is very popular.

Regional scope

Lantian apricot cultivation is mainly distributed in Huaxu Town, _hu, Sanli Town, Ancun, Qianwei, Mengcun, Jinshan and Sanguanmiao in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province , nine towns in Houzhen. Mainly Huaxu Town, with an altitude of 603.0-763.6 meters, it is located at 109°11′25.93″-109°26′34.17″ east longitude and 34°14′03″-34°16′0.58″ north latitude. It reaches Dongyuanyu Village in Huaxu Town in the east, Dan Village in the west, Jiangwan Village in the north, and Mengyan Village in the south. Including Ashi Village, Shangxu, Yangzhuang, Dongdeng, Shanglei, Mengyan, Dancun, Dongyuanyu, Xiyuanyu, Jiangwan and Koujia Village, the apricot planting area is 1,333.3 hectares, with an annual output of 12,000 tons.

Natural ecological environment and humanistic and historical factors

(1) Soil and landforms: The main planting areas of Lantian apricot are located in: the Hengling Loess Hilly and Gully Area in the north and the Loess Platform Area in the west. It covers an area of ??619.8 square kilometers, accounting for 31.48% of the total area of ??the county. The altitude of the main production area is 603.0-763.3 meters. The soil thickness of the soil layer is 50-100 meters. The soil is mainly composed of soil and loess, with a pH value between 7.0 and 8.0. It is neutral to alkaline and has a high organic matter content in the soil. . According to the "Lantian Zoning Survey" report, 616 different points were tested. The soil organic matter content was 1.199, with the highest being 2.688. The alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was 54PPm, the available phosphorus was 19ppm, and the available potassium was 137ppm. The soil is rich in trace elements. The soil is rich in Organic matter, with good aggregate structure, very suitable for the growth and development of apricot. Therefore, the apricots grown in Banling, Laoling and Loess Plateau of Lantian have deep roots and luxuriant leaves, strong trees, many fruits and large fruits,

high yield, excellent quality and rich in trace elements. They have become National high-quality apricot production base.

(2) Hydrological conditions: The average annual precipitation in Lantian is 720.4 mm, and the total annual precipitation is 1,682.11 million cubic meters. The precipitation in the county is affected by the terrain, and the rainfall is unevenly distributed in various places. The rivers are divided into three major water systems: Bahe River, Lihe River and Linghe River. There are 20 large and small rivers with an average annual runoff of 692.34 million m3. Groundwater is abundant and the country is divided into 4 hydrogeological regions and 8 sub-regions. The total amount of groundwater in the county is 323.71 million m3/year (including 274.61 million m3 of repeated parts), and the amount of exploitable groundwater is 58.977 million m3, accounting for 49.28% of the total groundwater. The groundwater quality is good. There are 2,300 acres of water stored in the county and 952 wells. It is low-grade fertilizer water. There are 16 natural drinking mineral waters, rich in strontium, selenium and other 9 items specified by international standards. Due to the numerous rivers in the territory, rivers flow out of the north-south longitudinal ravines all year round. They are distributed in a ladder-like manner with a high density and cover the entire county. The water quality is good. The groundwater is rich in minerals and has no industrial pollution, creating unique natural conditions for the production of high-quality apricots. .

(3) Climate conditions: Lantian has a warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate.

The four seasons are distinctly cold and warm, with long winter and summer and short spring and autumn, as well as rain and heat in the same season. The annual average temperature is 9℃-13℃, the hottest July is 26.8℃, the coldest January is -1.3℃, the temperature range is 23.1℃; the annual average maximum temperature is 19.0℃, the annual average minimum temperature is 8.3℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 43.3 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -17.4℃. The average annual sunshine hours is 2148.8 hours, and the total solar radiation is 118.5 kcal/cm2 per year, accounting for 50% of the total solar radiation. The average first frost occurs on November 1, with the earliest being October 9 and the latest being November 19, with a difference of 41 days between morning and evening. The average last frost is on April 3, with the earliest being March 7 and the latest being Ending on April 24, there is a difference of 48 days between morning and evening. The average frost-free period throughout the year is 212 days, with the longest being 236 days and the shortest being 188 days. The unique climate is suitable for the development of the characteristic Lantian apricot production. There are still old apricot trees with a history of more than 160 years in the territory, which proves that apricot cultivation has a long history. The climate of the four seasons is distinct, which is conducive to the healthy growth of apricots, laying the foundation for the high yield of Lantian apricots. Sufficient light and a large temperature difference between day and night are the main factors for the high sugar content of Lantian apricots. Because the apricots are large in size and golden in color, It has less fiber, more juice, and a sweet taste. It is very popular among consumers and has won endless praise.

(4) Human culture and history: Lantian County was once the "Hometown of the Three Emperors". "Shaanxi Tongzhi" records: "The Temple of the Three Emperors is located thirty miles north of Lantian County and worships the Huaxu family, the Fuxi family, and the Nv family. The Wa family. The Gai Fuxi family and the Nuwa family were both descended from the Hua Xu family, so they were enshrined in their hometown. "There is Huaxu Mausoleum in Huaxu Town, Lantian County, which is called "Xi Mu Mausoleum" among the people. According to legend, in ancient times, Fuxi and Nuwa ate the century-old fruit of a large apricot tree planted by their mother, Hua Xu.

They were inspired to recognize river maps, translate Luo Shu, and draw Bagua. , created writing, refined stones to mend the sky, and established the ancient Huaxu civilization. Huaxu's big apricot got its name from this. Because it is located in Lantian, it is called "Lantian big apricot".

Lantian apricot cultivation has a history of more than 2,500 years, and the written history of apricot cultivation can be traced back to before the Tang Dynasty. According to the "Lantian County Chronicle", apricot trees have been commonly planted among the people long before the Tang Dynasty. Qian Qi's poem in the Tang Dynasty, "Love the king on the blue water, plant apricots near the fields" shows that apricot trees were cultivated in gardens at that time. The "Continuation of Lantian County Chronicles" of the Republic of China records that "the fruits are peaches and apricots, which are more abundant outside the mountain, and plums are occasionally found. Li (pear) has thick skin and scum. Recently, someone took the branches with leaf eyes from the bin and returned them with buds that have just sprouted. And when you pick them up, they often become sweet, which is also strange. There are not many dates (Wenpo), papayas, grapes, camellias, pomegranates, and cherries in late spring, but they are not as good as persimmons and chestnuts. , Walnuts are mostly found in the southeastern mountains.

The only ginkgo tree in Wangchuan is the Mojie River. It not only details the types and distribution of fruit trees in the county, but also records that the working people have long known about using scientific methods to graft improved varieties. This shows that we already had rich practical experience in fruit tree production at that time.

Production technical requirements and regulations

(1) Selection of origin: the atmospheric environment, water source, and garden soil should be free of pollution; the groundwater level should be low, the soil should be deep and fertile, and the pH value 6.5-8.0, build the garden on hilly land, sandy wasteland loam and sandy loam soil with good drainage and irrigation. If on heavy clay soil, soil improvement is required. Stone fruit plots must be separated for at least 5 years and the soil must be improved. The garden site should be selected 100 meters away from main traffic lines such as national highways and railways.

(2) Variety selection: You should choose varieties with strong tree vigor, good yield, strong adaptability and stress resistance; large fruits, not cracked, evenly colored fruit, uniform maturity, and fleshy Hard solute or semi-solute has strong and aromatic flavor, is more resistant to transportation and has a longer shelf life. According to the goals of regionalization and improved varieties and the selection of excellent varieties, the principle of cultivating crops according to the appropriate location is implemented. The main varieties of fresh apricots suitable for Lantian area are: Lantian big apricot, Maishaohuang, Rapeseed yellow, Kate apricot, Golden Sun apricot, etc.

(3) Provisions on production process management and agricultural inputs:

①Soil management: Hole expansion or deep plowing is carried out from mid-September to early October every year, with a depth of 40- 60cm. It is not allowed to damage large roots with a thickness of 0.5cm or more. The hole expansion can be combined with the application of base fertilizer.

After deep plowing, harrow and irrigate in time. If the garden soil has poor texture, it can be improved by applying more organic fertilizers, crop straws, clay mixed with sandy soil, and sandy soil mixed with clay in combination with deep plowing. During the growing season, tree disc weeding should be carried out, and inter-row grass less than 20cm

should not be weeded. After rain or irrigation, the soil should be loosened in time to preserve moisture.

②Fertilization:

a Base fertilizer: The base fertilizer should be applied after the fruit is harvested for the best effect, no later than mid-October. The main types of base fertilizers are manure, compost, green manure, biogas manure, fallen leaves and other composted farmyard manure or registered commercial organic compound fertilizers. Phosphate fertilizers, biological bacterial fertilizers, bone meal, compound fertilizers, etc. can also be used as base fertilizers for deep application. Use the method of circular "furrow application" or "radial trench application". The amount of fertilizer applied varies depending on the age, growth, and type of fertilization. That is, for young fruit trees, apply 2000kg-2500kg of high-quality manure every 667_ and add 20-30kg of superphosphate; for fruit-bearing trees, apply about 4000kg every 667_ and add superphosphate. About 50kg.

b: Top dressing: Top dressing can be carried out 2-3 times a year according to the amount of base fertilizer application, that is, top dressing of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied 10 days before flowering, top dressing of nitrogen fertilizer is supplemented with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during the hard core stage, and top dressing is applied before maturity. Apply quick-acting potassium fertilizer. Top dressing should be applied in tree trays. For young fruit trees, 15kg-30kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied every 667_; for mature fruit trees, the amount of fertilizer applied depends on the type of fertilizer and the amount of fruit, and should be increased appropriately.

C: For foliar spraying of fertilizers, it is advisable to choose commonly used fast-acting and easily absorbed amino acid liquid fertilizers, biogas slurry, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, organic potassium and iron, boron, zinc and other micro-fertilizers for spraying. In the early growth period

The spraying concentration is low, and the concentration should be increased appropriately in the later growth period.

③Principles of shaping and pruning:

The shaping and pruning period is carried out according to the principles of growth pruning, dormant season shaping and reshaping of saplings. Pruning during the growing season is generally divided into periods before flowering, fruit expansion, post-harvest and the beginning of autumn.

Principles of plastic pruning should be determined based on site conditions, species, tree age, tree vigor, etc., so as to follow the shape of the tree and prune branches accordingly. The general requirements are to cut lightly, lay more, and cut less.

④ Principles for the use of pesticides: Focus on prevention and adopt comprehensive prevention and control methods that combine agriculture, physics, biology, and chemistry. Agricultural prevention and control measures mainly include the selection of disease-resistant rootstocks, proper pruning, and timely garden cleaning. Physical prevention and control measures include light trapping with sweet and sour liquid, artificial hunting, etc. Biological prevention and control measures mainly include protecting natural enemies and using biogenic pesticides. Chemical prevention and control measures It is necessary to do a good job in pest forecasting and pesticide selection. Use mineral-derived pesticides and chemical pesticides that are highly efficient, low-toxic, low-residue, and safe against natural enemies, and prohibit the use of nationally banned pesticides.

⑤Agricultural input management regulations: Inputs are purchased at fixed points, and sales accounts must be established at sales points. It should be used under the guidance of technical personnel.

(4) Regulations on product harvesting and post-harvest handling: Harvest maturity, fresh food maturity, physiological maturity based on variety, post-harvest use, sales channels, market environmental conditions and climatic conditions, etc. Determine the appropriate harvest period.

Manual picking should be carried out in the order of first outside the crown and then inside the crown, first down and then up. It is required to pick and handle it gently, and no damage may be caused by pinching, bumping, dropping, squeezing, etc.

Grading while harvesting. Generally based on fruit shape, size, color, etc. (Grading standards are attached)

Graded products must be packaged separately according to different uses or sales channels. Fresh apricots are required to be packed in hard, dry, clean, and safe packaging boxes, and all packaging materials must comply with packaging hygiene standards. There must be a label inside the package or the product name, place of origin, picking date, standard grade, production unit and other items must be marked outside the package.

(5) Production record requirements: Print the production operation record book uniformly, and require farmers to fill it in promptly and carefully according to management procedures, including: the name, time, and dosage of fertilizers; the name, time, and dosage of pesticides , Prevention and control objects; weeding time and methods; shaping and pruning time and methods; flower preservation and fruit thinning time and methods; harvesting time, quantity, and sales area. Each household's production records must be kept for more than two years.

4 Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations

(1) External senses: Lantian apricot fruit is round, about 7 cm in diameter, large and well-proportioned, with an average single fruit Weighs 125 grams and can weigh up to 200 grams. The top is flat, the sutures are deep and obvious, and the stem depression is deep; the peel is golden yellow. In addition to being eaten fresh, Lantian apricots can also be processed into preserved fruits, dried fruits and jams. Almonds are edible and can be used as medicine. They are a traditional commodity for foreign trade exports.

(2) Intrinsic quality: The pulp is yellow, with less fiber, more juice, sweet taste, soluble solid content 14.5, sugar content 8.6, acid-to-sugar ratio 9.56, Ca246.6mg/kg, containing Protein 0.93. From the core, the core is nearly round, with a kernel yield of 17.9. It is a sweet kernel with a fat content of 8.55 and a protein content of 9.26. The fruit shelf life is 5-7 days.

(3) Safety requirements: Name of the national mandatory technical regulations and relevant laws and regulations followed for market access of Lantian apricots:

XANY5008-2007 Xi'an Fresh Apricot Production Technical Regulations

NY5013-2006 Environmental Conditions of Origin of Pollution-Free Food Forest and Fruit Products

NY5112-2005 Pollution-Free Food Deciduous Stone Fruit

"Chinese People's Liberation Army and the National Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Law

"Agricultural Products Labeling and Packaging Management Measures"

"Agricultural Products Geographical Indications Management Measures"

Packaging labeling and other relevant regulations

(1) Graded packaging:

① The packaging container must be solid, firm, dry, clean and sanitary, without bad smell, and without nail heads, spikes or other sharp objects on both the inside and outside. Products should have adequate protective properties. Packaging materials and inks and glues used to prepare markings should be non-toxic and harmless for human consumption.

② The packages of the same batch of goods should be packed with products from the same origin, variety, grade and maturity. High-quality apricots require consistent fruit diameter and color.

③In the same package, the maturity of high-quality apricots should be consistent. The requirements for consistent maturity of first- and second-class apricots are slightly lower than those of high-quality apricots, but they cannot be packed with products with too great a difference in maturity. fruit. The selection of maturity should be determined based on factors such as storage and transportation conditions, storage period length and transportation schedule, ensuring safe storage of the product and safe arrival at the delivery location.

④ For apricots packaged in layers, the diameter size of any grade should not differ by 5mm. A difference of 10mm is allowed for bulk first-class apricots, and there is no limit for bulk second-class apricots. (Grading standards are attached)

⑤ For apricots that are stored at low temperature for medium and long term after harvest, the warehouse can choose the suitable container and container model for the cold storage

, capacity and materials used are not yet uniformly regulated.

⑥ Apricots that are stored for a short period of time at room temperature after harvesting or are planned to be shipped can be packed in cartons, cartons, plastic boxes, and baskets, and in various packaging container specifications.

⑦High-quality apricots are packed in layers in cartons and foam nets. The display appearance of the apricots in the package should be neat and beautiful. First- and second-grade apricots can be packed in boxes, packed in layers, or in bulk. The appearance and quality of the fruit on the bottom, middle and surface of any package should be exactly the same.

⑧ When packaging, care should be taken to prevent leaves, branches, dust, gravel and other debris or dirt from being brought into the container to avoid contaminating the product, affecting the appearance and damaging the fruit quality.

(2) Carton:

① The carton is made of corrugated cardboard, must be firmly bound, and has a beautiful and complete appearance. The packaging of exported apricots

Cartons should comply with the regulations of GB5038.

② The specifications and dimensions of the carton should be appropriately adopted according to domestic and foreign trade practices and requirements. There are no unified regulations. Ventilation holes should be left at both ends or sides of the carton. The diameter of the air hole is about 16mm.

③ When cartons are packed with fruits in layers, each layer can be separated by cardboard and fruit pads made of plastic pallets or other materials. If flat cardboard is used as a partition, a solid anti-corrosion layer should be used between each layer of fruit. The pressed paper grid separates the fruits one by one. The height of the grid can be appropriately determined according to the size of the fruit or the number of fruits in the packaging group, so that the fruit can only move slightly within the paper grid.

④ When loading fruits, care must be taken to prevent the fruit stems from damaging the pulp of other fruits. Fruits must be packed fully and any gaps must be filled with suitable fillers to prevent the fruits from being damaged. The box is shaking.

⑤After packing, the joints of the cartons should be sealed with tape, and two layers of plastic tape should be used to tie them securely.

(3) Labeling:

① The packaging labels of the same batch of goods must be completely unified in form and content.

② Different cartons should be printed or affixed with words and marks that are not easy to erase on the same part of the outside of the box. The writing must be clear and easy to identify.

③The content of the mark should indicate the apricot trademark, variety, quality grade, net weight, place of origin, distributor’s name and address, packaging date, and selection personnel code. If the product has fruit diameter or fruit number regulations, the fruit diameter and number of fruits should also be indicated.

(4) Transportation and storage:

① After apricots are harvested and graded, producers should ship, deliver, and accept them as soon as possible.

② The apricots after acceptance should be quickly organized and transported as planned according to their maturity and quality; the apricots purchased in mixed grades should be further processed by the purchasing unit after acceptance.

③ When apricots are waiting for transportation at the station or dock, they must be in clear batches, stacked neatly, in a clean environment, with good ventilation. It is strictly forbidden to be exposed to the sun or rain, and pay attention to anti-freezing and heat protection.

④ When stacking, loading and unloading, apricots must be handled with care and in a civilized manner. The means of transportation must be clean and sanitary, and must not be mixed or transported with toxic or harmful items. Any carriage or space that has been loaded with fertilizers, pesticides, harmful chemicals or other perishable food must be fully cleaned and flushed before shipment.

⑤ When storing apricots, they must not be stored directly on the ground or against the wall. The stacks must not be too high, and passages should be left between stacks.

Fly and rodent prevention measures should be strengthened in the fruit warehouse.