1, leaves: Hollyleaf oval or lanceolate, thin oval, while hawthorn leaves are thin leathery, oval, narrowly obovate and oblanceolate oval.

2. Fruit: Ilex pubescens is spherical, with a length of 1 to1.2cm and a diameter of 6-8mm, and it is red when it matures, while Quercus variabilis is ovoid, with a length of 7-10mm, and the exocarp is thin and brittle.