Water pipes are water supply pipes. Modern decoration water pipes are built in the wall. There are three types of water pipes. The first category is metal pipes, such as hot-dip cast iron pipes and copper pipes with plastic lining inside. Stainless steel pipes, etc. The second category is plastic-coated metal pipes, such as plastic-coated steel pipes, aluminum-plastic composite pipes, etc. The third category is plastic pipes, such as PB, PP-R. Basic introduction: Chinese name: water pipe. Foreign name: water pipe. Function: water supply. Construction method: buried wall type. Classification: metal pipe, composite metal pipe, plastic pipe. Outdoor pipe: sand mold Cast iron pipe indoor pipe: galvanized cast iron pipe Pinyin: shuǐ guǎn Pipe category, metal pipe, galvanized pipe, copper pipe, plastic pipe, composite pipe, aluminum-plastic composite pipe, steel-plastic composite pipe, outer layer welded type, bimetal Composite type, selection method, measurement index, construction selection, quality judgment, installation suggestions, common tips, frequently asked questions, FAQs, grooving problems, water leakage treatment, after-sales service, pipeline category "hidden engineering" is a very important issue. If water pipes leak or burst, the consequences will be irreparable. In the past, the main pipes used for water supply were cast iron pipes. Sand molded cast iron pipes are mainly used outdoors, and galvanized cast iron pipes are used indoors. However, after several years of use, it is easy to produce a large amount of rust, breed bacteria, and seriously endanger human health. The state has stipulated that sand cast pipe fittings and cold-dip galvanized cast iron pipes will be phased out from June 1, 2000, and the use of hot-dip cast iron pipes will be gradually restricted. The country will also promote the use of aluminum-plastic composite pipes, new plastic pipes, etc. Pipes and fittings for water pipes must have approval from the health department before they can be sold. Galvanized metal pipes are used as water pipes. After several years of use, a large amount of rust will occur in the pipes. The yellow water flowing out not only pollutes the sanitary ware, but is also mixed with bacteria that breed on the rough inner wall. The rust causes excessive heavy metal content in the water, seriously endangering human health. (The country has issued regulations prohibiting its use as drinking water pipes). Copper pipe has the advantages of corrosion resistance, sterilization, etc., and is the top grade among water pipes. Copper pipe interface methods include ferrule, welding and self-locking spring type connection methods. The card sleeve has the problem of aging and water leakage over time. Welding uses a hot melt process to fuse the two connecting parts to achieve the connection effect. The connection strength is high, and the weld gas protection of the on-site welding joint is difficult to meet the standard, causing the weld to rust easily, which directly reduces the service life of the pipeline; the installation quality is highly dependent on the welder's skills, and the quality is difficult to stabilize. The operation is simple and convenient. Construction personnel only need to be familiar with its operating requirements and can master it with a little practice. When connecting, the cut end of the pipe should be perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. The burrs inside and outside the cut should be cleaned. Use a marker to mark the insertion depth on the outside of the front end of the copper pipe. Then insert the copper pipe into the fitting as far as it will stop. . The installation risk is low, suitable for various installation environments, reusable, environmentally friendly and energy-saving; no leakage, shockproof, thermal expansion and contraction resistance, safe to use, durable and reliable. One disadvantage of copper pipes is that they conduct heat quickly, so the hot water pipes produced by well-known copper pipe manufacturers are covered with plastic and foaming agents to prevent heat dissipation. Another disadvantage of copper pipes is that they are expensive. The construction cost of welding is higher, and few home decorations use welded copper pipes. Stainless steel pipes - the new darling of home improvement pipes. Stainless steel is safe, hygienic, healthy and durable. It eliminates the problem of pollution from plastic pipes and is much cheaper than copper pipes. It is the preferred water pipe material. Stainless steel is not only used in medical, food, beverage, petrochemical, and tableware and teapots in our homes, but it can also be implanted into the human body, such as artificial steel skeletons, artificial teeth, etc. After decades of application, it has been proven that stainless steel materials have excellent corrosion resistance, hygiene, no rust, no scaling, no leakage and release of foreign matter, good self-cleaning properties, long service life, environmental protection, and can be 100% recycled. Plastic pipe UPVC pipe is actually a kind of plastic pipe. The joints are usually bonded with glue. UPVC pipe has poor frost resistance and heat resistance. Therefore, hot and cold water pipes are rarely used. PVC pipes are suitable for electric wire pipes and sewage pipes. The scientific and technological community has discovered that the chemical additive phthalein that can make PVC softer has a great impact on the kidneys, liver, and testicles in the human body, and can cause cancer. , kidney damage, destroying the body's functional reconstruction system, affecting development (only cold water can be used, not hot water, and it is easy to become brittle in winter). As a new type of water pipe material, PPR pipe can be used as either a cold pipe or a hot water pipe. It is becoming a popular material due to its non-toxic, light weight, pressure resistance and corrosion resistance.

Also suitable for hot water pipes and even pure drinking water pipes. The interface of the PPR pipe uses hot melt technology, and the pipes are completely fused together. Therefore, once the installation and pressure test is passed, there will be no aging and water leakage over time like the aluminum-plastic pipes, and the PPR pipe will not scale. The main disadvantages of PPR water pipes are: high temperature resistance and pressure resistance are slightly poor, and the long-term operating temperature cannot exceed 70°C; the linear expansion coefficient is large, and the pipe is easily deformed after hot water is passed through, affecting the appearance; the length of each straight pipe is 4 meters / root, the coil length ranges from 100 meters to 300 meters. And construction at small angles is not possible. If the pipeline is laid over a long distance or there are many corners (small angles), a large number of joints will be used during construction; pipes are cheap but accessories are relatively expensive. Water pipe example 2 PB pipe Polybutylene (PB) resin was first synthesized in 1954 by Italian professor G. Natta. Industrial production began in 1964. In 1965, the first polybutylene (PB) heating pipe appeared in the Austrian Plastics Association. road system, which, excitingly, is still in operation today. In the following 50 years, the application of polybutylene (PB) piping systems has been continuously promoted and applied to radiator heating connection piping systems, floor radiant heating systems, and domestic hot and cold water piping systems in buildings. Polybutylene (PB) resin is a high molecular polymer composed of carbon and hydrogen. Compared with traditional materials such as metals and ceramics, polybutylene (PB) resin is easy to process, easy to recycle, has low energy consumption throughout its life cycle, and is environmentally friendly. Friendly materials. From a structural point of view, polybutene (PB) is a linear isotactic semi-crystalline thermoplastic material. It is non-toxic and pollution-free during processing and use, and can be repeatedly heated and formed. Therefore, polybutylene (PB) combines the advantages of hygiene, processability, surface finish, strength, flexibility and connectivity, and achieves a comprehensive balance in physical properties, thermodynamic properties and functionality, thus giving it The many unique characteristics of polybutylene (PB) plastic pipes have opened up a broad field of application in the field of fluid delivery systems, especially hot water delivery systems in buildings. PE-RT pipe PE-RT is heat-resistant polyethylene, which is the English abbreviation of Polyethylene of raised temperature resistance. It is a non-cross-linked polyethylene that can be used in hot water pipes. Some people have highlighted its non-cross-linked characteristics. , call it "high temperature resistant non-cross-linked polyethylene". It is a medium-density polyethylene produced using a special molecular design and synthesis process. It uses the polymerization method of ethylene and octene to obtain a unique molecular structure by controlling the number and distribution of side chains to improve performance. PE heat resistance. Due to the presence of short octene branches, the macromolecules of PE cannot crystallize in one sheet crystal, but run through several crystals, forming a connection between the crystals. It retains the good flexibility and high performance of PE. Thermal conductivity and inertness, while making it better in pressure resistance, this modification method is similar to the common PPR on the market. PE-RT pipes can be used for all usage levels of hot water pipes specified in ISO10508! Water pipe example 3 PPH high-density polypropylene pipes used for drainage (sewage) water pipes, wastewater pipes, rainwater pipes, and exhaust pipes should comply with DIN53457 (ISO /R1133, ISO/R179, RAL), the installation method should use electric welding sleeves and butt jointing methods as much as possible. PP-B is due to the use of fusion technology in construction. Therefore, it is also commonly known as hot melt tube. It is non-toxic, lightweight, pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant. It is becoming a popular material, but it is still relatively rarely used in decoration projects. Generally speaking, this material is suitable not only for cold water pipes, but also for hot water pipes and even pure drinking water pipes.

PEX pipe cross-linked polyethylene pipe (PEX) Generally speaking, this material is hot-melt welded. The advantages of PEX pipe: good pressure resistance, nominal pressure 1.25MPa, de16mm burst pressure greater than 6MPa, de20mm burst pressure greater than 5MPa; temperature resistance Wide range: -70-95℃ (short-term 110℃); Resistant to acid and alkali corrosion, can be used to transport a variety of chemical substances; high temperature resistance, excellent low temperature performance; smooth inner and outer walls of the tube, low resistance, no scaling; clean, no pollution, it can save people the pain of using "yellow water" and "rusty water"; using special pipe fittings, it can be installed quickly and conveniently without tapping, buckling, and welding; it is easy to bend, soft yet rigid, saving pipe fittings; weight Light, the pipe length is only 1/10 of galvanized steel pipe; has good heat insulation performance; long service life, at 70℃, working pressure ≤0.8MPa, continuous service life is 50 years. The disadvantage is that it cannot be hot-melt connected, which limits its application scope in heating, ventilation and water supply. Composite pipes Aluminum-plastic composite pipes are the earliest water supply pipes to replace cast iron pipes. Their basic composition should be five layers, that is, plastic, hot melt adhesive, aluminum alloy, hot melt adhesive, plastic, etc. from the inside to the outside. The aluminum-plastic composite pipe has good thermal insulation performance, and the inner and outer walls are not easy to corrode. Because the inner wall is smooth, it has little resistance to fluid; and because it can be bent at will, it is easy to install and construct. As a water supply pipeline, aluminum-plastic composite pipes have sufficient strength, but if the lateral force is too great, the strength will be affected. Therefore, it is suitable for open pipe construction or buried in the wall, but it is not suitable to be buried underground. The connections of aluminum-plastic composite pipes are of the ferrule type, so during construction, one must pass a strict pressure test to check whether the connections are firm. The second is to prevent frequent vibration and loosening of the ferrule. Third, sufficient installation space should be left in the length direction to avoid pulling off. Steel-plastic composite pipe Steel-plastic composite pipe is a product based on seamless steel pipe or welded steel pipe, and the inner wall is coated with high adhesion, anti-corrosion, food-grade hygienic polyethylene powder coating or epoxy resin coating. The water supply galvanized internal plastic-coated composite steel pipe made of pre-treatment, preheating, internal coating, leveling and post-treatment processes is an upgraded product of traditional galvanized pipes. The products comply with the CJT120-2000 industry standard of the Ministry of Construction. Caliber range DN15--DN1200 can be coated with flange and pressure groove. Length: 6m, 9m, 12m and variable length. Coating wall thickness: 100 microns to 500 microns, usually 350 microns. Pipe interface thread connection, flange connection, clamp connection pre-treatment chemical immersion tank method, physical sandblasting method coating types thermoplastic polyethylene powder (PE), thermosetting epoxy resin powder (EP) and other powder coating products Features 1. It is hygienic, non-toxic, does not accumulate scale, does not breed microorganisms, and ensures fluid quality 2. Resistant to chemical corrosion, soil and marine biological corrosion, and cathodic stripping resistance 3. The installation process is mature, convenient and fast, and the wiring is the same as that of ordinary galvanized pipes 4. Good weather resistance, suitable for harsh environments such as deserts and saline-alkali 5. The pipe wall is smooth, improving transportation efficiency and long service life. The outer layer welding type outer layer welding type aluminum-plastic composite pipe includes an outer layer of random polypropylene extruded plastic layer, and an inner layer of random polypropylene extruded plastic layer. There is a hot-melt adhesive layer connected on the surface, an aluminum tube layer connected on the inner surface of the hot-melt adhesive layer, and a hot-melt adhesive layer connected on the inner surface of the aluminum tube layer. The inner surface of the agent layer is connected with a polyethylene *** extruded plastic layer; this utility model combines the excellent high temperature resistance and small thermal deformation of the aluminum-plastic composite pipe with the reliability of the hot-melt connection of the PP-R pipe. , can be widely used in hot and cold water pipes and drinking water systems, heating pipes, floors, walls, heating systems, solar heating, cooling systems, industrial fluid delivery systems, central air conditioning systems, compressed air piping systems and other fields. Bimetallic composite lined stainless steel composite pipe. The product is based on galvanized steel pipe and lined with thin-walled stainless steel. It can not only meet the advantages of stainless steel in safety, hygiene, health and durability, but also eliminate the problem of plastic pipe pollution. Price It also saves a lot more than copper pipes and stainless steel pipes, and can be installed and constructed safely, conveniently and reliably, and has a high pressure-bearing capacity. It is a new type of environmentally friendly, green and energy-saving product. Selection method: 1. Go to the regular building materials market to purchase as needed, so that the quality of the water pipes is more guaranteed. 2. Check the surface of the water pipe to see if its appearance is smooth and even. You can touch it with your hand to see if it feels delicate. At the same time, check whether the water pipe is marked with the manufacturer's anti-counterfeiting logo. If not, it is best not to buy it.

3. Look at the color of the water pipes. High-quality stainless steel water pipes are generally silver-white, while black ones are generally not passivated by acid and alkali and are prone to scaling. The color of high-quality PPR pipes is generally matte milky white, and there will be no variegated particles in it. If the color of the water pipe is mixed with some variegated colors, it means that the quality of the water pipe is not good. 4. You should smell the smell of water pipes when using plastic pipes. If the water pipe has a smell of **, it means that the quality of the water pipe is not good. High-quality water pipes will not have a ** smell. 5. Pay attention to the connection method of metal pipes. For household use, simple self-locking spring-type connections are generally used. Quality determines water quality. "The key to good water quality is the pipes." Traditional galvanized pipes are easy to rust, corrode, and scale. They are easy to breed microorganisms, produce secondary pollution, and threaten human health. We often have this experience. When no one is at home for several days, when we turn on the faucet, yellow rust will flow out. This is the best example of pipes polluting water quality. Household drinking water pipes are widely used in drinking water pipes because they are resistant to corrosion and scaling. However, plastics are easily adulterated and cause serious secondary pollution. Metrics (1) Hygienic performance: High-quality water pipe materials will not pollute water, and will not cause problems such as "red water, blue water, hidden water", etc., meeting people's "health first" requirements. (2) Product life Product life is the key to economic performance. If water pipes and pipe fittings cannot last as long as the building, it will cause consumers more than 10 times the loss of the first investment in water pipes (mainly the loss of multiple decoration materials), and may also cause family property losses and increase maintenance. cost. Quality plumbing materials should be maintenance-free for the life of the building. (3) Material strength Statistics show that more than 60% of water pipe leaks are caused by external forces. Such as: being hit by external force, nails entering, etc. Therefore, material strength is a key indicator of high-quality water pipe materials and plays an important role in the safe use of water pipe materials. Insufficient strength of water pipe materials is a major factor in home property damage. (4) Corrosion resistance Water pipe materials must have good corrosion resistance. Mainly include: water flow corrosion resistance, water quality corrosion resistance, air corrosion resistance, etc. Corrosion is the second cause of water pipe leakage, but it is the first cause of water pipe pollution. (5) Economic performance The economic performance of water pipes cannot be measured by the first investment, because it is a product of "small investment, big loss". Long life, maintenance-free and loss-free are the keys to the economic performance of water pipes. The first investment in water pipes can only be ranked 4th among its economic factors. Using the first investment to measure the economic performance of water pipes is the first consumer to suffer. (6) Construction performance: High-quality water pipes and pipe fittings are easy to install, no reaming, no welding, no construction pollution, no construction risks, and the wiring is completed quickly. (7) Thermal expansion performance We will use cold water and hot water; the environment we live in will also change with the four seasons of the year. Therefore, high-quality water pipe materials should have a small thermal expansion coefficient. Strong adaptability to ambient temperature and operating temperature. Excessive thermal expansion coefficient is also one of the causes of water leakage. (8) Insulation performance: High-quality water pipe materials should not be thermally conductive materials, because it will cause energy loss in the process of transporting hot water and may also cause cracking of home decorative tiles. This is a double loss of energy and the home environment. (9) Environmental protection performance: High-quality water pipe materials should be recyclable, without worries about reuse, and will not leave a lot of polluted garbage to future generations without a good way to deal with it. We must think about future generations. Choose construction. How to choose healthy water, starting from the pipe. How to choose a healthy, safe and durable water pipe. Experts will teach you a trick: Smell: Smell the water pipe to see if there is any peculiar smell. Parallel imported pipes are often mixed with recycled toxic plastics, which often have a pungent odor. Second look: First look at the color, thickness, and gloss of the water pipe, and whether the trademark, specifications, temperature, pressure, and production batch are marked on the outer wall of the pipe. Three Notes: First, pay attention to regular purchasing agents or manufacturers that have authorized pipe distribution certificates. Second, pay attention to whether the pipes and fittings purchased are produced by the same manufacturer. Third, pay attention to asking for product service cards. Product quality does not equal project quality. Insufficient installation will greatly reduce the product's insurance factor. Generally, household water pipes are mostly hidden. If you are not careful, they may be stolen and replaced with shoddy products. Consumers should be more careful. 1. Please hire regular installers and carry out construction according to construction specifications, and try to keep the installation horizontally and vertically. 2. Strictly control the materials and inspect each process one by one to prevent cutting corners.

3. When performing a pressure test, remember not to save trouble and test water without pressure, leaving hidden dangers of water leakage. When the pipeline design is unreasonable or inconvenient to use and requires repair and modification, it is very important to choose a water pipe that is convenient and easy to repair. Commonly used are aluminum-plastic pipes and pure plastic pipes (such as PVC pipes, PPR pipes). Aluminum-plastic pipes can be bent arbitrarily by hand without rebounding. They are easy to connect with buttons. Their hidden locations can be easily detected with a metal detector, making maintenance simple and convenient. ; PPR pipes are prone to brittleness and fracture due to hot-melt connections. Repairs and modifications will affect the safety of the entire pipeline, so you need to be very careful. After the construction is completed, it is best to take photos of the pipeline arrangement to facilitate future maintenance. Quality judgment of PPR pipes 1. First look at the appearance. High-quality pipes have a smooth appearance, complete logos, and brand names on the accessories; inferior products cannot do these. Because high-quality pipes use 100% imported PPR raw materials, while inferior pipes only use part of PPR raw materials, there is a big difference in performance between the two. 2. Toughness: Good quality PPR pipes have good toughness and can be easily bent into a circle without breaking, while inferior pipes are brittle and break when bent. 3. Thermal expansion and contraction: Good water pipes can still maintain their hardness at high water temperatures, while inferior pipes are softened at 60 degrees water temperature. 4. Service life: high-quality products are guaranteed for 50 years, while inferior products are only guaranteed for 5-6 years. Aluminum-plastic composite pipe 1. Check the appearance of the product. Aluminum composite pipes with good quality generally have smooth outer walls. The trademark, specification, applicable temperature, meter number, etc. are clearly marked on the pipe wall. The manufacturer also prints the production number on the pipe wall for reference. Monitor product quality at any time; the products are well packaged, and the various logos on the packaging are equally clear. The manufacturer's name, address, phone number, etc. are all printed in prominent locations. Fake and inferior products generally have rough outer walls, unclear or incomplete markings, simple packaging, and unknown factory addresses or phone numbers. PPR pipe 2. The aluminum layer cannot be ignored. A good aluminum-plastic composite pipe has welding at the overlap of the aluminum layer. The aluminum layer and the plastic layer are tightly combined without delamination. Some fake and inferior products have aluminum layers that are not welded at the overlap, and some aluminum layers and plastic layers are often delaminated and not tight. Installation suggestions 1. It is best to find a professional company to install PP-R pipes. (PPR pipes and fittings should be used by powerful brand companies. On the one hand, the quality is guaranteed, and on the other hand, if problems arise, you can get better solutions.) Regardless of your The decoration is so luxurious and high-end, if you are not willing to spend money on it, it will not be worthwhile. Often the bursting or blockage of a pipe will cause tens, hundreds of times or even immeasurable consequences to the price of the water pipe itself. 2. A boost test must be performed after installation. The pressurization test is generally carried out at 1.5 times the water pressure, and there should be no water leakage during the test. 3. A simple test method without pressure, but it is not completely feasible. 1) Close the main water pipe valve. (That is, the water pipe switch in front of the water meter) 2) Open the faucets in the room for 20 minutes, make sure there is no water dripping, and then close all faucets. 3) Turn off the water inlet switches of equipment with water storage functions such as toilet tanks and washing machines. 4) Open the water pipe main valve. 5) 20 minutes after opening the main valve, check whether the water meter moves, including slowly. If there is movement, there is a leak. If you're not moving around, you're probably fine. (If there is a problem with the water meter or micro-seepage in the water pipe, it may be difficult to determine.) Therefore, it is recommended that a water pressure test be carried out after construction. Generally, the pressure is 10-15 kg for 20-30 minutes. (It is best to see it in person) 4. Water pipe direction: It is recommended that the water pipe is the safest way to go to the top. The main reason is that most of the waterway reconstruction is through underground pipes, and the characteristic of water is that water flows to lower places. If the pipeline is underground, it will be difficult to detect a leak in time. The leak will only be discovered when the water floods the mountain or the floor deforms and leaks downstairs. Moreover, it is difficult to detect the leak because the water pipe is hidden. At this time, the huge loss is irreparable and even seriously affects the friendly neighbor relations. If the water pipe is routed to the top, the cost of water modification may be higher, but as a long-term investment, it is worth it. If the water pipe goes to the top, even if it leaks, it can be discovered in time, which makes it easy to repair and the loss is small.

5. In daily life, if you find the following situations, please check the relevant pipes as soon as possible: Water pipes run underground: 1) Mold and blisters appear on the surface of the wall paint 2) The baseboards or wooden floors turn black and fine bubbles appear on the surface. Water pipes run from the top: 1 ) Common tips for dampness or water dripping on the ceiling (1) Waterway design must first think about all water-related equipment, such as water purifiers, water heaters, kitchen appliances, toilets and wash basins, etc., and their locations , installation method and whether hot water is needed; (2) Decide in advance whether to use gas or electric water heaters to avoid temporary changes in water heater types, resulting in repeated modifications of waterways; (3) In addition to leaving water outlets for wash basins, toilets, washing machines, etc. in the bathroom In addition, it is best to connect one out, which will be very convenient for collecting water and mopping the floor in the future; this depends on the preferences of each owner. (4) After the location of the washing machine is determined, you can consider locating the drainage pipe inside the wall for drainage of the washing machine, which is beautiful and convenient; (5) There should be a pressure test after the waterway transformation, but many decoration teams do not have a pressure test. They will use many methods to lie to you, saying that there is no need to suppress you, that there is pressure when there is water in the pipes, etc. (6) It is best to have the owner present during the stress test, which can play a supervisory role; because some decoration teams will deceive the owners in this process. The method is: when pressing, open the "return valve" of the pressure pump to form a circuit. Although the pressure pump seems to be working, there is not much pressure in the pipe. Especially for electric pressure pumps, students should pay more attention. If you don’t understand, you can ask a professional to help you take a look. (7) When closing the house, you should pay attention to check whether each drain outlet in the kitchen and bathroom is unobstructed. If the drainage is slow, the property should clear it in time; the drain outlet should be protected during the renovation, especially during the tiling period in the kitchen and bathroom, which is most likely to cause damage. Cement falling into the drain outlet will cause blockage; (8) After laying the kitchen and bathroom floor tiles, you should drain the water and check to see if the floor drain drains smoothly (based on the drainage speed after removing the top cover of the floor drain, because most deep-sealed floor drains have slow drainage problem); (9) If you want to seal the excess floor drain, be sure to block the gap between the drainage pipe and the floor drain to prevent water from overflowing; (10) When using a deep water-sealed floor drain, clean it frequently according to the usage, otherwise there will be water under the floor drain The rubber pad will no longer have a sealing effect after dirt is hung on it; (11) Another important point is that it is best not to use a deep-water sealing floor drain for the washing machine floor drain. The washing machine drains water very quickly and has a large drainage volume. Deep-water sealing floor drains The water discharge speed cannot be satisfied at all, and the result will directly cause the water to overflow; (12) When renovating the waterway, the cold and hot water supply pipes reserved for the future installation of electric water heaters, water taps, etc. should pay attention to four points: 1. Ensure that the distance is 15 centimeters (now most electric water heaters and water faucets have a distance of 15 centimeters between hot and cold water, and some are 10 centimeters); 2. The height of the cold and hot water supply pipes is the same; 3. The cold and hot water supply pipes are vertical When laying wall tiles on the wall, you should also be careful not to let the bricklayers make them crooked (if they are not vertical, future installation will be difficult); 4. The openings of the cold and hot water supply pipes should be two centimeters higher than the wall when laying wall tiles. You should also ask the bricklayer to ensure that the wall tiles are at the same level as the water pipe openings after laying the wall tiles. If the size is not suitable, you may need to purchase additional pipe clamps, inner wires and other connecting parts to complete the installation of electric water heaters, taps, etc. in the future. Frequently Asked Questions Questions and Answers 1. How deep should the worker make the groove? How much should I buy for triangular valves, hoses, etc.? Answer: Generally about 3cm. There are 6-8 triangular valves and hoses for each bathroom and kitchen, and 8-12 pieces for each bathroom and kitchen. The details will be determined when installing the faucet. 2. If I use brand A pipe fittings to connect brand B pipes, will there be any problems when connecting the two brands of water pipes? Answer: Different brands of pp-r pipes use different raw materials, have different hot melt coefficients, and different cooling times, so this is not recommended. 3. Does the 3cm slot refer to one water pipe or two water pipes? Answer: 3cm refers to the depth and width of a pipe groove. The width of the two pipe grooves should be increased accordingly. 4. What is the difference between cold water pipes and hot water pipes? Answer: The wall thickness of hot and cold water pipes is different, and the pressure they bear is also different. The cold water pipe is 16 kg, and the hot water pipe is 25 kg. The thermal conductivity of hot water pipes is 1/200 of that of metal pipes. There is no thermal conductivity in cold water pipes. Hot water pipes can pass cold water but cold water pipes cannot pass hot water. The distinction between hot and cold is mainly from the perspective of economical benefits. After all, the prices of the two are different. If economic conditions permit, it is also possible to use all hot water pipes.

5. I would like to ask why after the water pipes are finished, some inner wire elbows in the home are not parallel or exposed on the wall? Answer: After the water pipe is installed, the mason needs to adjust the parallelism of the water pipe when sealing the water pipe. The distance between the shower centers is 15 centimeters. The depth of the inner wire elbow is mainly based on the thickness of the wall tiles to prevent the wall tiles from being non-parallel or exposed with the inner wire elbow of the water pipe. If the wall and masonry workers do not pay attention to these problems, they will affect the installation of sanitary ware. Grooving problem: After the water is heated by the water heater, it is now circulated to the vegetable basin, basin, and shower, and the water is not hot. Many people are confused and say that there is a problem with the water heater. The water heater repairman said that the gas pressure is low, etc. In fact, everyone has overlooked a problem, that is, there are problems during the installation process of water pipes. During the installation of water pipes, it is very beautiful to make grooves in the wall and bury the water pipes in the wall. However, some installers do not want to make the wall grooves too wide to save effort. Especially when there are many reinforced concrete walls, the grooves are quite large. It was difficult, so we made as few grooves as possible and squeezed the hot and cold water pipes very tightly. It is wrong to have hot and cold water pipes close together. After testing, two water pipes are 20 meters long and close together. Both hot and cold water are in a circulating state. The temperature of the water from the water heater is 80 degrees to the end of 70 degrees, and the end of the water pipe was 55 degrees 10 minutes ago. When the hot and cold water pipes are separated, their temperature is 80-78 degrees. This experiment is very illustrative. The groove of a water pipe with a diameter of 20 (usually referred to as a quarter pipe) should be (upper end 1CM + hot water pipe 2CM + middle distance 2CM + cold water pipe 2CM + lower end 1CM) *** 8CM. The distance between the two water pipes should be at least 2CM. The first step to deal with water leakage is Step: Find where the leak is. There is always a source of water leakage. Generally, water pipes are embedded in the wall. When the water pipe leaks, the wall will be wet, but you can still see where the leak is. Water flows from top to bottom, so if you follow the wet marks on the wall, you can still find the leaking water pipe. Step 2: Mark leaky water pipes. If the water pipe is indeed inside the wall, then workers must be hired to drill holes and open the wall. If the water pipe leaks outside the wall, it will be easier to deal with. Check what material the water pipes are made of. Such as plastic, steel, PV, etc. Step 3: Waterproof tape. You can buy this at a hardware store, it's very cheap. Wrap a few layers of waterproof tape (also called waterproof paper) on the outside of the leaking water pipe, then wrap it with a layer of foam glue, then wrap it with waterproof paper outside the foam glue, and then wrap it with waterproof paper. Wrap the outer layer with foam glue, and finally add glass glue and that’s it! Pressure test mechanically connected plastic pipes need to undergo six system adaptability tests: internal pressure resistance test, thermal cycle test, bending test, pull-out resistance test, cyclic pressure impact test and vacuum test. Plastic pipes with hot-melt connection only need Do the first two items. The internal pressure test is the most commonly used test and is generally completed jointly by the installation company, owner and project leader. 1. Tool testing tools Simple pressure testing tools include pressure testing pumps, adjustable wrenches, hexagonal outer wires, raw material tapes, plugs, etc. The picture on the left is a 30cm square simple pressure test tool, including a jack, pressure gauge, water tank and connecting hose. 2. Preparation 2.1. Use a hose to connect the hot and cold water pipes to be tested to form a circle. The pressure at this time is 0. 2.2. Seal all water outlets except the lowest outlet of the pressure test pipe tightly with plugs. It is recommended to use solid and durable copper plugs and other metal plugs. 3. Pressure test Schematic diagram of pipeline pressure test 3.1. Open the water inlet valve, slowly inject water from the lowest outlet of the pipeline, fully discharge the gas in the pipeline, and then tighten the pressure test pump switch. 3.2. Close the main water inlet valve and slowly increase the pressure on the pipeline. After increasing the pressure to the specified test pressure, observe whether the joints and plugs are leaking. 3.3. Welded pipes such as PPR, aluminum-plastic PPR, and steel-plastic PPR should be kept for more than 30 minutes, and non-welded pipes such as aluminum-plastic pipes and galvanized pipes should be kept for 4 hours. At the end of the test time, if the pressure drop does not exceed 0.05MPa, it is qualified. 4. Pressure relief: After confirming that the pressure test is qualified, connect the pipe end to the water distribution fittings, supply water at working pressure, open the water distribution fittings in batches, and check whether each water outlet is unobstructed. 5. Relevant standards and precautions 5.1. The test pressure should be 1.5 times the working pressure of the pipeline system, and shall not be less than 0.6MPa. The pressure value is generally between 0.8MPa-1.5MPa. The bigger the better, and the pressurization time does not need to be longer. The longer the better. 5.2. Pipes buried in the floor surface and walls must undergo a hydraulic pressure test before sealing. 5.3. During the pressure test, the pipes should be fixed, the pipe joints should be exposed, and the water outlets of the pipes should not be connected to water distribution equipment.

5.4. For pipelines using hot melt connections, the hydraulic pressure test should be conducted 24 hours after the pipeline installation is completed. 5.5. Other reasons for failure in the test: the plug is not installed properly, and there are quality problems with the stop valve type main water inlet valve. After-sales service Do you dare to issue a written product service commitment to see the quality and reputation of a product from one side? Consumers should not buy water pipes without a written commitment for cheap. Generally, brand pipes have complete after-sales services. Whether the warranty has a fifty-year quality guarantee, they must also check whether it is a double warranty. If the warranty is only 50 years, (which may include product warranty). This makes it easy to argue when problems arise. The manufacturer is responsible for all compensation for losses caused by quality problems. And what about construction. You should find a manufacturer with double warranty. 50 years of product quality + construction quality. Only with such a commitment can consumers feel assured, comfortable and satisfied with their purchases. As long as you follow the correct purchasing channels, you can buy a healthy, durable and reliable water pipe.