In a broad sense, Wuhu traditional culture (especially Wuhu local culture that was not invaded by European style and beautiful rain before 184 AD) is the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by Wuhu people in the process of social and historical development.
to sum up, it is mainly composed of four parts: scientific and technological civilization, industrial and commercial civilization, religious civilization and civil society civilization.
because Wuhu has been the most important place in the world over the years, the traditional culture of Wuhu has distinct regional characteristics.
that is openness, tolerance, innovation and valuing business.
The structure and characteristics of Wuhu traditional culture determine that Wuhu culture is a citizen culture with close economic ties, strong interaction and high quality, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
First, scientific and technological civilization is the cultural heritage of scientific and technological innovation in Wuhu today
In history, more than 3 scientific and technological innovations of Wuhu people have taken the lead in China and the world's scientific and technological history in more than a dozen aspects.
advanced metallurgical casting in metallurgical casting, the ancient copper smelting in Dagongshan lasted for thousands of years from Zhou Qin to Song Dynasty, and Fiona Fang Baili was the first in China history to directly use coal as fuel for smelting.
Its smelting method and copper mining method had a great influence on China Bronze Age.
Its site has been listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit.
The scene of copper smelting in Wuhu aroused Li Bai's creative enthusiasm and produced the first image of a worker in the history of China literature-Kuailang.
has great tourism development value.
Wuhu is an area that entered the Iron Age earlier. The legend of Mo Xie's beautiful sword casting left many tourist attractions to be developed on the sacred mountain.
the development of iron and steel industry reached the Ming and Qing dynasties, and China had the reputation of "iron made its own steel in Wuhu".
Wugang process represents the highest technical level of steelmaking in China at that time before western steelmaking technology was introduced to China, and it derived Wuhu "Three Knives" and other steel products.
Wuhu's "three knives" have a great influence on the Yangtze River Delta.
Especially Zhang Xiaoquan and Zhao Yunsheng scissors are two of the three brands of scissors in China, both of which originated from Wuhu.
Wuhu iron painting is a must in China, and it is famous far and near.
up to now, it still casts nearly 1 million yuan of gdp every year.
Production, processing, installation, sales and other fields still accommodate the employment of more than 5, people.
The logical result of Wugang process is the emerging pipe casting factory with the largest pipe casting capacity in Asia today.
Advantages of Zhongjiang Ancient Road The Zhongjiang Ancient Road, built by Wuhu people in history, is an extremely important water conservancy and transportation project in ancient China. It not only connects the Yangtze River with Taihu Lake, but also makes the Yangtze River enter the sea through the changchang of Taihu Lake. It also connects the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Yellow River, Pearl River and other major rivers and seas in China through countless water systems, realizing the goal of turning water disasters into water conservancy and accelerating the development process of Chinese civilization.
There are many artificial canals in this ancient road. It is the earliest artificial canal in the world (such as Xuhe River), which has contributed to human civilization.
The Wushen Canal, now built on this old road, has a total investment of RMB 1.6 billion, and the sailing distance from Wuhu to Shanghai is more than 13 kilometers shorter than that of taking the Yangtze River, which has great economic and social benefits and will certainly play a great role in promoting the economic development along the coast.
Perfect polder farming method In the Song Dynasty, under the guidance of Shen Kuo, Wuhu people invented and perfected polder, which was in a leading position in agricultural history-"paddy farming method".
Since then, Wuhu people have taken the initiative to introduce Zhancheng Rice, the most advanced Vietnamese rice variety in the world at that time, which greatly improved the quality and yield of rice, and laid the foundation for Wuhu to become the first of the four rice markets in the Qing Dynasty, and for Academician Yuan Longping to successfully realize "planting three crops and producing four crops" in Wuhu today.
It is worth pointing out that Wanchunwei is not only a model of advanced rice farming methods, but also a model of rural villages and planning.
the waterway and land transportation in wanchunwei is perfect, and the village is built by the water, which is scientific and reasonable, and completely embodies the concept of advocating nature's environmentalism, namely, people and water are interdependent, people and water are suitable, and man and nature are integrated.
in the history of developed shipbuilding industry, Wuhu's shipbuilding industry is extremely developed.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, China people invented 16 new military tactics, two of which were invented by Wuhu people, and both of them were related to the ship "Yu Huang".
Yu Huang was the largest warship in China at that time.
during the three kingdoms period, sun quan's fifth-floor ship fought on the Yangtze river as a warship.
during the Yongzheng period, a large number of "pulp-reporting boats" produced by Wuhu were moored in Beixinguan, Hangzhou, which was the best among the 72 most advanced types of ships sailing in inland rivers in China at that time.
The developed shipbuilding industry has laid an important foundation for Wuhu as one of the important naval warship production bases after the founding of New China.
The reason why Wuhu's shipbuilding industry is relatively developed today, with an annual gdp of about 2 billion and 2, employees, has historical roots.
Wuhu, a world-famous pharmaceutical brand, became an important pharmaceutical center in China in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Wuhu pharmaceutical industry, known as one half of the "four and a half pharmacies" in China, has a great influence at home and abroad.
At that time, foreign envoys bought Chinese patent medicines around Wuhu and brought them back to their home countries before returning home.
today, Wuhu pharmaceutical industry is also an industrial army that cannot be ignored in China.
Among them, China, the external drug of Sanyi Pharmaceutical Factory, has the largest production capacity, and Qisheng Capsule, a brand drug of Zhang Hengchun Pharmaceutical Factory, has sold intangible assets worth 5 million yuan during the restructuring.
in 21, the pharmaceutical output value of Wuhu reached 2.8 billion yuan, with 16 enterprises, 468 operating enterprises and 2, employees.
Traditional industries have laid a foundation for further development of biopharmaceutical industry.
Song Yingxing, a great scientist in the Ming Dynasty who supported the textile industry in the Yangtze River Delta, said in his scientific masterpiece Tiangong Kaiwu that "weaving is superior to Songjiang and printing and dyeing is superior to Wuhu". Wuhu, as the center of pulp and dyeing industry, has a history of more than 3 years, which shows that Wuhu's chemical industry is developed, and its technology has derived the technology of "kicking cloth" in Suzhou and "blue printed cloth" in Wuxi and Nantong.
has played a great role in promoting the development of textile industry in the Yangtze River Delta.
Wuhu sizing and dyeing technology plays an important role in the development history of traditional textile industry in China. A China textile history should be said to have half the development history of Wuhu sizing and dyeing.
Long-distance porcelain-making skills In recent years, experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese University of Science and Technology have repeatedly explored and continuously studied Fanchang Kechong Kiln, and agreed that Wuhu Fanchang Kiln is the first place where binary formula is used on a large scale in human porcelain-making, which is a revolutionary innovation in porcelain-making, and has contributed to the discovery and application of human material civilization and new materials. Its site has been listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in the State Council.
is rich in tourism development value.
Fanchang Kiln has also established an unshakable position of Wuhu as an important fulcrum of the Maritime Silk Road in history.
In recent years, German sinologists have discovered a large number of sunken ships of Fanchang kiln porcelain in Malaysian waters, and even found Fanchang kiln porcelain pieces in Angkor Wat, Cambodia.
second, industrial and commercial civilization is the internal driving force for Wuhu to take the lead in realizing modernization
Wuhu is one of the earliest and most successful cities operated by Huizhou merchants.
In history, industry and commerce are extremely developed. It was once one of the central cities of China's five major industries: pulp dyeing, steelmaking, rice, pharmacy and shipbuilding. Its industrial and commercial status was on a par with that of Beijing, Hankou, Foshan and Suzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, before Yangzhou and Hangzhou, and it was known as one of the "four cities in the world".
Industrial and commercial civilization occupies an outstanding position in the industrial and commercial history of China and even the world.
1. Wuhu has accumulated hundreds of time-honored brands of industry and commerce, such as Zhang Hengchun, Tongqinglou and Geng Fuxing.
Historically, Wuhu people had a strong sense of trademarks. Only in Wuhu in the Qing Dynasty, there were 18 steel inspection-free trademarks such as "Ge Yongtai".
2. Yu Mo, a native of Wuhu, established the first guild hall in China in Shangsan Hutong in Ming Dynasty, which was the first of its kind in China.
the guild hall is a commercial system and place to socialize with the countryside and standardize the rules and regulations. Up to now, the guild hall has become a Chinatown all over the world.
In the early days of liberation, there were still 21 guild halls in Wuhu, including Chaoshan, Shandong, Fujian and Jiangxi, which was a great contribution to the world industrial and commercial civilization. Rebuilding the cultural and leisure tourism area of China Guild Hall is a large-scale, high-starting, all-round and national-level tertiary project, which contains huge business opportunities. Carrying forward the guild hall culture as an important city card is an important channel and realization way to expand Wuhu's opening up and contact with Chinese chambers of commerce around the world.
3. Wuhu has always been pro-business, harmonious and business-oriented. As early as the Qing Dynasty, Wuhu issued the Business Protection Charter in China, which provided a guarantee for the development of Wuhu's industry and commerce from the institutional level and policy environment.
Wuhu is the place where capitalism sprouted earlier, and it has created many new business formats and management methods.
in the Qing dynasty, Wuhu people established the largest trading market of bamboo, cotton cloth, grain and steel products in China, with the spirit of "buying the world and selling it", which was called "gathering without production". What's more worth mentioning is that Wuhu people founded the Regulations on Trafficking in Steel Bars, which may be the first management method in the world steel trading market, and has far-reaching influence.
4. Wuhu has a developed customs culture. In the seventh year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty, the central government set up a customs office in Wuhu. By the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Wuhu had become the first of the eight customs in China, and Wuhu's "most customs to spare the world" became the regular customs with the most tax revenue.
There are many ideas worth learning about the collection and management of tariffs in Wuhu Guanzhi.
At the same time, Wuhu's economic intermediary organizations are extremely developed. In the book "The Land and Water Travel in the World", Huang Bian praised Wuhu's dental industry for being "profit-oriented", which shows the tax environment and efficiency of Wuhu at that time.
Wuhu's industrial and commercial civilization has a far-reaching impact on today's economic construction.
Third, civil social civilization is the social root of creating a good scientific and democratic atmosphere in Wuhu.
Wuhu connects the south with the north, connecting the east with the west, and has mixed waterways. Historically, it has been an important place in China, and it is the best gathering place for people flow, logistics, information flow and capital flow.
In history, it has become an open and inclusive immigrant city through three major migrations: the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
and after the song dynasty, a civil society with civil life as the main body was formed.
In the whole feudal environment, it is a relatively weak area of feudal rule, a place conducive to the emergence of scientific and democratic factors, and a place conducive to early entry into modern times and modernization. It is embodied in:
1. From the perspective of technology input and religious input, it is extremely open and inclusive.
2. The citizens have strong autonomy.
Wuhu has always had a well-developed guild hall culture, and the Chamber of Commerce has played a huge role. In the Qing Dynasty, Wuhu people used the guild hall to win the victory of yongzheng emperor's recall of Jiangfuhe Pengsui's levy of silver. In the Ming Dynasty, Wuhu people died in the county magistrate's fight against the Japanese. Without administrative leadership, Wuhu people defeated the Japanese by organizing themselves through various chambers of commerce headed by Ruan Bi, which saved the prosperity of Wuhu's industry and commerce and social stability, and achieved the first victory against foreign invaders in Wuhu's history.
3. The spiritual world of Wuhu people is rich and colorful. All kinds of orthodox Christians have lived in harmony for thousands of years, with simple folk customs, peaceful handling of affairs, and no violence or cult incidents.
4. Wuhu people have a tradition of carrying baskets and selling small things. Small business vendors are all over the streets. Everyone starts a business and becomes rich. After starting a small business, everyone goes to the Yangtze River Delta and even overseas. Everyone wants to be a small business and knows how to be happy, which embodies the values of pursuing individual liberation and freedom and democracy. Wuhu people rarely worship authority, and even there are no chastity archways and walls in the street, which reflects an open and inclusive attitude towards life.
This is why many writers in China who reflect the literary works of civil society have written in Wuhu.
For example, Tang Xianzu, the author of Peony Pavilion, Wu Jingzi, the author of Biography of the Scholars, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Records of Officialdom, and other influential works all describe Wuhu.
this is a unique landscape in the history of modern literature.
It is self-evident that a higher quality of citizens and an enlightened attitude towards life are conducive to the creation of a scientific and democratic atmosphere and the rise and development of modern manufacturing.