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The original of this painting is called American Gothic. American naturally refers to two Americans, a man and a woman. Gothic means that the white wooden house behind them is a Gothic building. In the early 1930s, critics thought that this painting was intended to mock the rigidity of life in rural areas or small towns in the United States, but in the subsequent Great Depression, it was regarded as a celebration of popular populism-"American democracy is based on laborers with brave hearts and strong jaws, which is the kind of person depicted in this painting". Since it became a Puritan American feature with mixed comments, countless imitations began to emerge one after another. In addition to the interpretation of the different starting points of the "American spirit", I think there is also a "Gothic" element that has an indescribable attraction to people at the subconscious level.

Goth in anthropological sense refers to the barbarians in ancient Europe. They originally lived in the easternmost part of the Germanic tribes, occupied the land in the south of the Danube River basin and along the Black Sea, and were divided into two independent tribes, ostrogoths and Visigoth, by the Dnieper River. Visigoths are good at fighting, first capturing Rome, then being assimilated by Spanish and Roman culture, conquered by Moors in the 8th century, and mixed with Iberian Latin elements; Ostrogoths crossed the Balkans to Italy, occupied Italy in 493 AD and was annexed by the Byzantine Empire in 555 AD.

Gothic in the sense of artistic style appeared in the late 12th century, mainly in architecture and painting, and originated near Paris, France. It is called "Goth" because the architectural criticism of Renaissance in16th century thinks that "this style, that is, its pointed arches and complex decorations, looks so boring and barbaric that only Goths who once destroyed ancient Roman civilization can make it." Gothic style did learn from Roman technology, but it was innovated into a completely opposite aesthetic view. Gothic style mainly uses cornices to support the wall in architecture. In order to greatly reduce the burden on the wall, large glass windows can be opened on the wall. Gothic buildings (mainly churches) are towering in appearance, and in the internal space, there is both a sense of rising brought by the tall atrium and a sense of fuzzy light transmitted from the glass window. The whole building is visually tall and elegant.

The connotation points to Gothic in the sense, pointing to horror, darkness, grotesque and barbarism, such as Gothic novels and Gothic music. Gothic novels in 17 and 18 centuries were first popular in England, describing revenge or strange stories that took place in eerie Gothic castles. Later, there were new extensions, such as Sir Scott's historical novels, mary shelley's Frankenstein, Poe's short stories and anne rice's vampire series novels. Since the 1980s, there has been a kind of music, which also originated in Britain, called Gothic Music. The bands at the first division level include Joy Division, Bauhaus and so on. Sing death, fear and darkness, occasionally pop up a religious theme, or juxtapose death metal with singing female voice to look back on the era of knight king with nostalgia.

Under the reduction/hypnosis of Goth, barbarism and civilization are no longer the absolute poles of development, and heaven and hell are no longer limited to the original religious narrow sense. They become new symbol carriers, such as primitive and awe, and darkness and gloom are worth sinking into. If it is because of reality that people do this, it will be too narrow and arbitrary. I prefer to think that this is the self-expansion inspired by Descartes, which remains in the blood.

barbaric

Why do we have to live a happy life? You can certainly live a different life by listening to different music.

It is a good habit for a writer to consult a dictionary frequently. The Oxford English Dictionary gives the following two explanations: 1, a rock-and-roll style, intensely mixed with guitar and bass drum, with apocalyptic or mystical lyrics; Performers or followers of this kind of music often wear black clothes and make-up in black. However, just as masters don't go to department stores to buy electric guitars, we can't completely trust outsiders like Oxford Dictionary.

The origin of the word "Goth" comes from an early European tribe called Visigoth, which enjoys destruction and plunder and is famous for its ignorance and lack of artistic taste. In the Middle Ages, an architectural style characterized by spire cathedral was popular, which was called "Gothic" architecture. In Victorian England, Edgar

The horror novels created by a group of writers such as Poe, mary shelley and bram stoker are also called "Gothic" style.

But in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when the punk movement ended and post-punk appeared, it was used to describe music and culture. First of all, Ian Asbury described sex gangs.

The children used the word "Gothic Elf" in this band; After that, Siouxsie Sioux (Siouxsie and

The core figure of the banshee used "Goth" when describing the new direction of her band; After that, Joey

Division's agent used the word "Goth" when comparing the band with mainstream pop bands in the BBC TV program of 1978.

The Death of Bela Lugosi by Bauhaus, published in 1979, is the first work labeled as "Gothic", at least everyone agrees.

Gothic music, as the follow-up of punk (death rock), has developed into an underground culture from a set of aesthetics and ideas composed of visual art, literature, music and clothing, and has spawned countless underground communities. Although these communities have made great progress in all aspects, there are two things that all Goths have: the color of clothes and music.

Gothic band list

Music comes first, of course!

Early prototype Gothic band:

Bauhaus, Christian death (the death of Christ), southern cult of death (the cult of death in the south, later renamed as a cult), joy.

Si (happy split, but their appearance doesn't look very gothic), the Sisters Of Mercy (kind sisters), Siouxsie and The.

Banshees (Susie and goblins);

Quasi-prototype Gothic Band:

Nephilim's field (a little younger than the band above, but too old than the new band)

Mission (England) (their early works were considered as Gothic by the media) and Sexgang children;

A soft Gothic band:

Dance of Death, Xmal Deutschland, Danielle Dax; ;

Metal/Industrial Gothic Band:

Creaming Jesus (a band with a metal tendency), James Rays Gangwar.

A band that relies on samplers. Many Goths like to listen to the music of the priest, but the priest is not a real Gothic band.

Experimental/Folk/Mysterious Gothic Band:

Current death in March and June, Sol Invictus

Neo-Gothic Band:

Nosferatu, Rosetta Stone, Shadow Project (a branch of Christian death), Xymox clan.

A band that relies on a synthesizer is very much like dancing.

The rise and fall of Gothic culture

In the 1980s, the Gothic band achieved a series of commercial successes, such as the Sisters of Charity, the Missionary Society and everything about Eve.

Cure, Siouxsie and Banshee, Nephilim and Christianity.

Death, these bands have had songs on the list. Their definition of "classic Gothic" sound is: crisp mandolin semi-acoustic guitar, steady single-note bass line, simple but fast rhythm, strong synthesizer effect and deep singing. Although some "classic" Gothic bands persist to this day and are still loved by Goths, they are no longer the protagonists of Gothic culture today.

In 1980s, Gothic clothing fashion developed from this musical style, with long dyed hair, pale skin, tight black clothes, pointed leather boots and a lot of silver ornaments (mostly designed by early European and Egyptian religions). Black motorcycle leather jacket, black skinny jeans, black mesh stockings and black flying sunglasses have become registered trademarks of the Goths.

In 1990s, Gothic music gradually fell out of favor in the media, but Gothic culture became stronger and stronger. The rapidly expanding nightclub industry has formed a huge network of Gothic organizations. The new simple and cheap desktop publishing system and home recording technology have helped to produce a large number of Gothic magazines and samples of different quality, which makes Gothic culture look full of vitality. It was at this time that Victorian horror movies were revived in Hollywood. A series of horror movies, such as The Crow (Bruce Lee's son Brandon Lee died mysteriously while filming this film), Edward Scissorhands, Night Interview with Vampires, have injected new splendor into Gothic culture. Gothic fashion has undergone subtle changes. Curly hair, high ponytail and combat pants are a fashion, so are long straight hair, Victorian velvet and lace, and leather and plastic clothes have also become a fashion, but the difference is that this style has nothing in common with anything popular in North America. Only black skinny jeans are always popular in Gothic fashion.

In 1990s, some Gothic bands made charts or independent charts, including Garbage, Rosetta Stone, Sheep on Drugs and Nick.

Cave, Northferrato and curves, etc. Their musical styles are not exactly the same as those of the previous generation of Gothic bands, but they all have Gothic singing styles, dark musical themes and dark effects of synthesizers. Although most people don't admit that they are Goths, they look like Goths out and out. How else can we call them?

Although their influence is obviously not as good as that of the Gothic band in the 1980s, in the 1990s, the meaning of Gothic culture has been greatly deepened. At this time, it no longer only means a musical style, but also means a fashion, an attitude towards life and a social landscape-fashion is all black, attitude is all black and landscape is all fuzzy.

At the same time, there are many Goths who have never heard of Gothic music, but wear and think in a Gothic way. They like listening to industrial music, heavy metal, high-tech music and non-mainstream music. These Gothic pop bands include.

Prodigy, Frontline 242, Cuban, Men's Wear, White Zombie, Pop Will Eat Yourself, Frontline

Assembly and Nine Inch Nails, etc.

Goth as a counter-mainstream culture

1969: hippies discovered the ugliness of the world and vowed to change it with love.

1979: The punk found that the world was still ugly, so he raised his middle finger to show his contempt.

198 1 year: Goths see through the world of mortals.

Identify a Gothic band

1, the music atmosphere of this band is grotesque and surreal.

2. The lyrics of this band contain Gothic themes (strange and mysterious, miserable and desolate).

The appearance of the band members is very gothic.

4. The band calls itself a Gothic band, performs on the same stage with other Gothic bands, and appears in the Gothic series.

Four Gothic Record Companies

Cleopatra, Projector, Tess, Anubis.

Identify goths

Shy and unsociable artistic tendency. Always black or dark clothes. Outstanding religious ornaments, but they change their beliefs almost every day. Never wear gold jewelry. Pale, even in summer

Reject all interesting social activities.

Gothic style?

Anything with a strange dark atmosphere is a bit gothic. About music, there are hundreds like darkwave, goth techno, dark alternative and ambient.

Nouns such as ethereal have a gothic flavor. Describe it in detail: dark lust, the sadness of death, forbidden love, and the aesthetic feeling brought by complete pain are all the dark sides of the human spiritual world.

Vampire culture demonism? Cult?

Goth is not a religion, not a politics, and has nothing to do with race and gender. Most Gothic bands are secular, even actively anti-religious bands. The visual signals of vampires, Catholicism, ancient Egypt and paganism are only transmitting the "dark power" to connect the feeling of Gothic music.

Goths have the same social tendency as other social groups of the same age. You will find young conservative Goths, productive Goths, fascist Goths and anarchic Goths, but this is really a small group of people. In fact, the greatest tendency of Goths in the 1990s was their extreme indifference to politics, because almost all parties' views sounded the same and were useless. This is Rosetta.

Si Tong's favorite theme.

Goth exists.

Many people are dominated by a life without happiness and sense of accomplishment, which is unfortunate. But Goth turned this depressed feeling into a way of life, in other words: pain is my life choice-this is an art.

Goth may also be a kind of psychotherapy. If you talk to a white-collar worker who belongs to the mainstream society about your last suicide attempt, he may avoid you with strange eyes, and you may get cheap sympathy on a sunny day. But in sharp contrast, your Gothic companions will never sympathize with you, and the scar on your wrist will be seriously respected. You're cool! All people who feel out of place in society will find their place among the Goths, because everyone here is unique.

Gete fashion

Any black, or other dark colors, such as navy blue and crimson.

Permeable (thin nylon or fishnet fabric) but not exposed.

Silver ornaments.

Pale skin. This may be because they need to look like a living dead person, or because they want to embody the Victorian aesthetic of "pale skin is a symbol of nobility", or because they oppose the health theory of "the bronze sun is beautiful" in beach culture.

Black hair, bleached blonde hair, red hair or purple hair

Black and white makeup. White foundation, black lipstick, black eye shadow and fine eyebrows.

Self-made decoration and fetish clothing. Leather, PVC, rubber and latex are all essential fabrics. Girdling was also common in the Middle Ages.

A wide tie or a collar with nails or a velvet rope tied tightly around the neck.

T-shaped cross (symbol of eternal life in ancient Egypt)

Eye of the sun god. The Sisters of Charity's record "Visual Things" has made this sign widely circulated, and some people will tattoo it on their bodies.

Five-pointed star This is a pagan symbol about fire, land, air, water and soul.

The cross (symbol of Christ).

Opera-style shawls, cloaks and long gloves.

Chains and nails

Body piercing. Goths are generally not as extreme as punk, they will talk about taste. In Utah, the tongue is the first choice, followed by the nose and then the nipple.

Gothic hobby

Art, especially music, photography and painting.

Humanities, especially literature, history and philosophy.

H.R. Giger's fantasy biological art Alien and Dali's surreal visual works.

Lilac cigarette, a more durable, thicker and more harmful cigarette to human body.

Cats are favored by Goths because of their unique gloomy temperament.

Candles and Christmas trees, full of Gothic lighting.

Demons, weirdos, spiders, cobwebs, graves, coffins and other things related to ghosts.

Are you a Goth?

Do you often feel like a devil? Do you often wish that you would not appear during the day? You always like black T-shirts? Maybe you are Goth, but you don't know.

Do you often indulge in the feeling of depression and get a strange pleasure in painful meditation? Then you really have gothic tendencies. However, if you like to get this feeling by violence, then you are not a Goth at all, it is just a mental illness.

Your closet is full of black clothes? Then you may be a Goth.

Do you think so?

Start with the basics: hair, face, skin, clothes. Please refer to the six Gothic models and deal with them according to your own situation. Be careful not to wear Marilyn Manson's black T-shirt. This is shock rock, not gothic rock.

After that, look and look. It is extremely necessary to show extreme despair and pain-how can you be indifferent to the world and society? Remember: you must restrain your joy! Never, never, never laugh! There is nothing to be happy about! Among Goths, smiling is equivalent to letting a cool brother like Robert De Niro play Donald Duck.

Furthermore, you can consider piercing a hole in a certain part of your body and adding some metal ornaments.

Of course, you should know that Goth is not only a fashion, but also a way of life. You must show extraordinary darkness in all aspects of life, whether it is food, clothing, housing and transportation.

You can also keep a small pet of a rodent, such as a mouse. Rodents are essentially goths, so you should always communicate philosophical problems with them.

There is another unique skill. You can buy a coffin as a bed for the weekend. That's really a Goth home.

Then you can check it and ask yourself a few questions: Do I look like a ghost? Are my friends and family always scared by me? Do I dress like the scary night of Halloween every day? If the answer is yes, then congratulations, you are gothic enough!

Gothic literature and its cultural phenomena

Goth, a specific word, originally meant Germanic tribe in western Europe. At the level of architectural culture and writing from18th century to19th century, the so-called "GothicRevival" excavated the gloomy mood of the Middle Ages from the grave of historical context. At the same time, some literary works since the end of 18 are classified as "Gothic novels" because of the same tone and style. For example, walpole's TheCastleofOtranto, Allardcliffe's The Mystery of Waldorf, Lewis's TheMonk and, of course, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. These works are dedicated to dealing with cruel passion and supernatural horror themes. The background of novels is usually set in desolate castles or secluded monasteries, in which the protagonists (usually young boys and girls) are trapped in an irresistible evil sex/gender. The abuser (usually actively) launches an encounter that ends in death. ................................................................................................'s extreme erotic climax comes from the moment of disillusionment (that is, the "completion" of the ceremony). The religious system symbolizing patriarchy and the dark (negative) forces trying to surpass it, in a certain unspeakable level, actually share the pleasure mode of "love mating to death" in a cool way. In the contemporary horror fiction camp, such as AnneRice's TheVampireChronicles, it reveals the complex interaction between homosexual desire and paternal mechanism.

Interestingly, this phenomenon of Gothic culture not only spread on the pages of novels, but also invaded the garden of non-mainstream music in the second half of the 20th century, becoming a completely different branch of alternative music. If you are familiar with the historical context of new music, you will know that from the late 1970s to the 1980s, some bands were branded as "PostPunkCool", "Neoclassicism" or "Neo-hippies" respectively, and gradually merged into the future Gothic Rock School.

The early representative bands were SiouxsieandtheBanshees, Bauhaus, JoyDivision and so on. Their characteristics are gloomy and world-weary, and the cold notes have a fine aesthetic feeling, but at the same time, they use a lot of discordant sounds that deviate from the melody line at the register level, interspersed with counter-measures to traditional music. On the concept level of lyrics and performance, we should deal with the desolation of life and love, the rejection of reality, and then pursue the bizarre pleasure of the soul abyss. On the stage, she/they appeared in a crazy costume, such as the slightly sadistic "Ice Queen" in Susie and Ghosts, or PeterMurphy, the lead singer of Bauhaus, dressed herself as a beautiful bisexual vampire. The strong quality of Gothic rock music is not only the subversion and reversal of gender, but also the obsession with theological (or demonic) concepts. "TheSistersofMercy" was founded in 198 1, which is a demonstration of musical ideology by several men who love medieval style. AndrewEldritch, the lead singer who is described as "laughing and watching Rome burn into a pile of rubble", speaks from the religious standpoint of Gothic rock-for us, cynicism is like the holy water of Catholics.

If PostPunkCool's early interpretation of life is depression and despair (such as the suicide of ian curtis, the lead singer of Glee), then the Sisters of Charity and its fellow bands such as TheMission, AllaboutEve, FieldsoftheNephilem and TheCult may be all kinds of annoying customs in reality, trying to overturn the fallacy. In the "Church" album "God'sOwnMedicine", the first song "Wasteland" at the beginning of the story sarcastically sang "I still believe in God, but God no longer believes in me." This is a blasphemous declaration, which presents a shocking fact: for a long time, the power structure of God and man has been like the subject and object of sexual structure. After repeated scrutiny in this album, while overthrowing the belief, death is no longer a prop used by my father to intimidate, but an erotic utopia of traitors. Just like in the song "LoveMetoDeath", the peak of eroticism is beautifully laid out and is not fixed by the rigid "dominance-submission" relationship; In other words, in the field of death (scarcity), the fatal negative passion has not been controlled and suppressed, and its own aesthetics has been developed.

Undeniably, "death" is almost a key word in the cultural level of Gothic rock music. When some conservative voices or anti-frustration forces try to attack Gothic rock music and its secondary culture, we can see two kinds of responses: for example, the band "ChristianDeath" which deals with the feelings of darkness and pain. For them, the scenes of corruption, eschatology and destruction in death interpretation are enough to bring us close to the "ultimate climax". In some albums, such as On the Theatre of Pain, Anger of Angels, and TheIronMask, the focus of "Christian Death" is the beauty of this almost critical spasm. One of the songs "Death Wish", the lyrics at the end almost say "Satan is the kindest beast" with harsh music, which is tantamount to mocking the binary opposing values of religion/patriarchy system in various things.

Another reaction may be to quote PoppyZ. Britt in the preface of the anthology of vampire erotic novels LoveinVein: "Gothic subculture does not praise or love death, but just refuses to fear death. In the process of exploring death, slowly approach it and approach it. " This passage just explains why bands like Nepali Forest Land, AndAlsotheTrees, Will, Lycia and TheMorendoes are immersed in the image of Macabrez who is "making love with the dead king". In addition, death is not necessarily the lack of life. Following the clues of these creators, as well as the symbols and fables found in many pagan myths or evil spirits, death may be an exit close to the supernatural and non-human fields.

In the middle and late 1990s, Gothic subculture not only bloomed in literature and music creation, but also influenced the cultural ecology and identity of this "mixed ethnic group" (including women, gays and erotic border elements). In the revolution of lust and gender, the Gothic subculture's pursuit of the so-called ideal model "androgyny" is worthy of in-depth study, but it is also a beautiful weapon that helps to forcibly ban it, so that dissidents (others) who were once regarded as demons can get rid of a single paradise and taste their own desires and the bodies of angels.

How to identify Gothic bands?

1, the music atmosphere of this band is grotesque and surreal.

2. The lyrics of this band contain Gothic theme.

The appearance of the band members is very gothic.

4. The band called themselves Gothic Band, performed together with other Gothic bands, and appeared in Gothic Collection.

5. Bands from four Gothic record companies: Cleopatra, Projector, Tess and Anubis.

How to identify a Goth?

Personality: shy and unsociable.

Artistic tendency: art, especially music, photography and painting. Humanities, especially literature, history and philosophy.

Dress: Always black or dark. Obviously religious ornaments, but they change their beliefs almost every day and never wear gold jewelry.

What is Gothic?

Musically, nouns such as darkwave, gott-echno, dark-alternative and ambiente are all "Gothic Style".

Describe it in detail: fear of darkness, sadness about death, forbidden love, and aesthetic feeling brought by complete pain are all the dark sides of human spiritual world.

Vampire culture?

Devil worship?

Goth is not religion, politics, race or gender. Most Gothic bands are secular, even actively anti-religious bands. The visual signals of vampires, Catholicism, ancient Egypt and paganism are only transmitting the "dark power" to connect the feeling of Gothic music.

Goths have the same social tendency as other social groups of their time. You will find that the greatest tendency among Goths is actually extreme indifference to politics, because almost all parties' views sound the same and useless.

The reason why Goth exists.

Many people are dominated by a life without happiness and sense of accomplishment, which is unfortunate. But Goth turned this depressed feeling into a way of life, in other words: pain is my life choice-this is an art.

Goth may also be a kind of psychotherapy. If you talk to a white-collar worker who belongs to the mainstream society about your last attempted suicide, he may give you a different look and stay away from you. On sunny days, you may get cheap companions and never feel sorry for you. The scar on your wrist will be seriously respected. You're cool! All people who feel out of place in society will find their place among the Goths, because everyone here is unique.

What is Gothic Fashion?

Any black, or other dark colors, such as navy blue and crimson. Permeable (thin nylon or fishnet fabric) but not exposed. Silver ornaments. Pale skin. This may be because they need to look like a living dead person, or because they want to embody the Victorian aesthetic of "pale skin is a symbol of nobility", or because they oppose the health theory of "the bronze sun is beautiful" in beach culture.

Black hair, bleached blonde hair, red hair or purple hair Black and white makeup. White foundation. Black lipstick, black eye shadow and thin eyebrows.

Self-made decoration and fetish clothing. Leather, PVC, rubber and latex are all essential fabrics. Girdling was also common in the Middle Ages. A wide tie or nail collar or a velvet rope tied tightly around the neck.

T-shaped cross (symbol of eternal life in ancient Egypt) Five-pointed star This is a pagan symbol about fire, land, air, water and soul. The cross (the symbol of Christianity).

Opera-style shawls, cloaks and long gloves. Goth is generally not as extreme as punk, and can speak some flavors.

Moonlight fills the earth, and all the darkness belongs to the Gothic dynasty.

Countless dark nights, the moonlight coldly surrounded everything. The sharp lines in the air seem to be exploring the deepest evil in the world. Life and death are closely linked, rendering darkness and despair. Goth was named after the German Goth tribe that invaded Italy and overthrew the Roman Empire. /kloc-in the 0 th and 5 th centuries, people generally had the idea of Renaissance and hoped to return to the classical era. The period between the classical era and the Renaissance is called the Middle Ages. Because Italy hated the Goths for destroying their Roman empire, people in the Renaissance always had a negative name for the Middle Ages. They called this period "Goth". It means barbarism and rudeness. Of course, we should see both sides of things. The Middle Ages left many precious cultural heritages and excellent works of art to the world. During this period, there was a breakthrough in architectural technology, and a Gothic cathedral like Notre Dame de PAME appeared. Gothic art is not only embodied in architecture. From the12nd century to the early16th century, sculptures, glass products and decorations were labeled as Gothic art, and religion played an important role in Gothic art works. Painters and sculptors use religious feelings more than realistic methods to express their themes. In any case, it is obvious that people in the Renaissance implicitly denied the word "Gothic".

Gothic is defined in English-Chinese dictionaries as follows:

(a) 1 Gothic; Gothic 2 (architecture) Gothic 3 Middle Ages; 4 (India) Gothic; (British) 5 Gothic novels in black (characterized by horror, desolation and decay) (n) 1 Gothic 2 Gothic architecture, pointed arch architecture.

Then, if Gothic and music get married, Gothic is written casually.