The development of bioeconomy is a major historic opportunity facing us. We must seize the advantages of biological resources, talents, and markets, improve the incentive mechanism, increase scientific and technological innovation, implement the strategy of strengthening the country through bio-economy, and develop our country's bio-economy into a large-scale industry, high-tech content, fast growth rate, and breakthrough-driven As an emerging leading industry, the main biotechnology products can meet the basic needs of the domestic people, forming a group of modern bio-enterprises with strong international competitiveness and international operating capabilities. Specifically, we should grasp the following aspects:?
Improve relevant policies and incentive mechanisms
The key to developing high-tech industries is to establish a sound and good innovation environment. Without effective legal protection of intellectual property rights, it would be impossible to have huge technological investments and leading technological industries. It is necessary to strengthen the awareness of the protection of intellectual property rights such as patents and trademarks, and to improve the regulations and mechanisms for the protection of intellectual property rights. It is necessary to establish and continuously improve the venture capital mechanism, especially to create and improve venture capital funds or venture capital companies, adopt corresponding investment methods according to different stages of the development of high-tech enterprises, and promote the industrialization of scientific research results.
It is necessary to support the development of the bioindustry from the perspective of fiscal and taxation policies: establish a special fund for the development of the national bioindustry to support the research and transformation of potential biotechnology industries; issue a certain scale of medium and long-term special projects National debt, use national debt projects to provide strong financial support for the development of bio-tech; draw on the experience of developing the software industry, exempt bio-tech companies from corporate income tax for 3 or 5 years; encourage and support bio-tech companies to go public for financing. It is necessary to combine the focus and direction of biotechnology and industrial development, formulate preferential policies, improve incentive mechanisms, cultivate the biotechnology industry as a new economic growth point, and at the same time improve relevant laws to create a good development environment for the biotechnology industry.
We can learn from the cooperation model of the Galileo Project in Europe to establish a national-level cooperation platform for biotechnology research and establish an open cooperation mechanism to attract elite biotechnology talents from other countries to this platform.** *Contribute to the development of the bioeconomy in our country and the world. This kind of international cooperation must have a high starting point, attract other countries to join in the name of the government, and bring huge benefits to other countries. At the same time, it is necessary to establish and improve international product standards and quality control systems to pave the way for biotechnology products to enter the international market. ?
Increase scientific and technological innovation
Global GNP increased 30 times in the 20th century, from 1 trillion US dollars to 30 trillion US dollars, and the contribution rate of science and technology increased from 5% to 60%-70%. Science and technology play a decisive role in economic development. In the new situation of technological progress and rapid economic globalization, the value created through intellectual property rights has exceeded the value created by capital and labor. Without rapid development of scientific and technological innovation and its effective transformation, it is impossible to have sustained economic development and strong international competitiveness. The bioeconomy itself is the result of scientific and technological innovation, and the development and growth of the bioeconomy also requires the nurture of scientific and technological innovation.
Our country is a big country in genetic resources, but a small country in genetic intellectual property rights. There are not many biological gene patents registered internationally. The biotechnology industry in Europe and the United States currently accounts for 15%-20% of GDP, while in my country it only accounts for 5%. There are only about 200 companies with certain technology and scale in my country, which is less than 1% of the world's total. The biotechnology industry is a capital-intensive industry with high investment, high risk and high return. Therefore, we must aim at the forefront of world science and technology, accelerate the construction of the national innovation system, establish a world-class biotechnology R&D center, and strengthen the cooperation between national scientific research institutions and local governments. , enterprise alliance. Scientific and technological innovation must implement patents and standards as a strategy, master independent intellectual property rights in strategic biotechnology fields, have the ability to develop core technologies, effectively strengthen original innovation, and use the ability to obtain patents as an important assessment indicator for research and development. Because the number of biological gene patents is limited, if someone else registers one, there will be one missing. Therefore, we should concentrate on outstanding talents, increase scientific and technological innovation, and register more biotechnology patents in a timely manner.
Attach importance to the cultivation of talent teams
The competition in high-tech is ultimately a competition for talents. Therefore, the development of bioeconomy must pay full attention to the cultivation and use of talents.
At present, there are two outstanding problems in my country's scientific and technological talent team: first, the existing biotechnology talents focus on theoretical research, and there is a relative lack of industrial talents; second, the overall quality of human resources cannot meet the requirements, especially the lack of skilled talents for the industrial application of scientific and technological achievements. It is necessary to actively implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, accelerate the cultivation of well-trained talents of all types, and create a talent team that meets the requirements in quantity and quality. In particular, we must focus on cultivating "leaders" who are familiar with the entire process of biotechnology research and development. This is a decisive factor in seizing the opportunities of the bioeconomy.
What is gratifying is that our country’s biotechnology talent team currently has a certain foundation. Nearly 30% of the papers in the global biotechnology field were completed with Chinese participation or under the auspices. Chinese scientists have made great contributions in the international biotechnology field. plays an important role. The key is to gather domestic and overseas forces on the main battlefield of bioeconomy through a complete mechanism. It is necessary to make full use of the regulatory role of the market mechanism. While introducing advanced foreign technologies, we should also focus on introducing outstanding foreign talents, learn from international advanced scientific methods and management experience, and unify mutually independent scientific and technological resources to the overall goal of my country's bioeconomy development. .
Increase capital investment
The field of biotechnology has entered a stage of large-scale breakthrough progress, and the bioeconomy has promising prospects and huge potential. The necessary investment of capital and human resources is the basis for obtaining generous returns. At present, funding problems are the main bottleneck restricting the development of biotechnology in my country. Due to insufficient investment, our country's scientific and technological innovation is insufficient, and it lacks the energy for sustainable development. Take biopharmaceuticals as an example. Faced with dwindling resources on land, marine biopharmaceuticals have become a relatively mature discipline and the most profitable industry in the world today. Hundreds of marine drugs have entered clinical evaluation internationally.
The United States’ cumulative investment in biogenetic drugs has reached US$50 billion, with an additional US$5 billion being added every year. However, in my country, only about 10 types of marine drugs have entered clinical evaluation, and the cumulative investment in biogenetic drugs is only 4 billion yuan. Both the quantity and technical level of drug development vary greatly. Of course, relevant parties have recognized the rare opportunities of the bioeconomy and are working hard to increase capital investment. Today, the high-tech industry with the greatest support from the Ministry of Science and Technology is biotechnology, with more than 13 billion yuan invested in this industry every year. However, this is far from meeting the needs of research and development in many fields of biotechnology.
Nobel Prize winner Murad said that China’s investment in scientific research in life sciences is far from enough. The government should create a good environment for the development of biotechnology industry and mobilize the whole society to develop biotechnology. and industry. If China does not invest heavily in biology and medicine, then discoveries in this area will be made in other countries. And without intellectual property rights, China's medical costs will become higher and higher. ?
Actively promote industrialization
Only industrialization of biotechnology can form a bioeconomy. The ultimate goal of scientific and technological research and development is to serve the economy. At present, my country's science and technology transformation rate is only 15%, and the contribution of technological progress to economic growth is only 29%, which is far lower than the level of developed countries (60%-80%). Bioeconomy is a huge economic chain, including biotechnology, biotrade, bioconsumption, biofinance, biomarket, biologistics, etc. Currently, the key projects for the industrialization of the bioeconomy are 10 major projects such as medical biotechnology and bioenergy. The output value of these major projects after industrialization can exceed 1 trillion yuan. We must comply with the laws of diffusion, radiation, demonstration and acceleration effects of the industrial revolution and actively promote the industrialization of biotechnology.
It is necessary to encourage and develop various types of bioeconomic enterprises, and special attention should be paid to the development of enterprise groups related to biotechnology transformation, such as biotechnology consulting enterprises, technology transformation enterprises, technology marketing enterprises, technology promotion enterprises, and technology brands Enterprises, etc., enable the development of bio-economy to have a large and organic industrial group with clear division of labor. Encourage the development of various enterprise groups related to the bioeconomic industry so that various bioeconomic enterprises develop in a balanced manner and form a virtuous cycle. This is the necessary social environment for the sustainable and healthy development of the bioeconomy. It is necessary to change the practice of managers focusing on the immediate before the long-term, entrepreneurs focusing on production instead of innovation, and scholars focusing on papers instead of practicality. Biotechnology should be actively used, and superior forces should be concentrated to continuously make enterprises bigger and stronger, so that the bioeconomy can become a sustainable, rapid and sustainable part of the national economy. A powerful driving force for healthy development.
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Attach importance to the biosecurity strategy
my country is a country rich in biological genetic resources. Foreign companies are eyeing our country's biological resources. Precious biological resources have been lost in large quantities, and it is urgent to protect biological resources. At the same time, we must realize that biotechnology is a double-edged sword that can benefit society and harm mankind. In October 2004, Meridian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., commissioned by the College of American Pathologists, mistakenly sent H2N2 influenza virus samples to 3,747 laboratories in 18 countries and regions. The error was discovered by Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory on March 26, 2006, and the samples were destroyed. Otherwise, a little carelessness may cause irreparable losses.
At present, there are more than 400 species of alien organisms that have invaded our country. Due to their large population size, rapid spread and reproduction, they cause economic losses of more than 57 billion yuan to China's agriculture and forestry every year. Therefore, to develop the bioeconomy, we must enhance safety awareness, improve relevant laws and regulations, and ensure the safety of biological resources in accordance with the law. To improve the whole society's awareness of biotechnology safety, relevant departments must establish emergency plans to nip problems in the bud, and truly seek advantages, avoid disadvantages, and turn disadvantages into benefits.