Kalashnikov rifle (Russian: автоматкалашникова, abbreviated as ""
During the period of 1949- 1974, the former Soviet army was equipped with AK47 rifles. Manufacturers include former Soviet military factories, such as Izhevsk Machine Factory and Tula Arsenal. In addition, a large number of countries and manufacturers produce and copy them.
Weight: 4.3 kg (9.5 lbs); Length: 870 mm (34.3 inches) fixed stock; Folding paper: 875 mm (34.4 inches) when unfolded and 645 mm (25.4 inches) when folded. Barrel length: 415mm (16.3 inches). Shooting 7.62×39mm(M43 rifle bullet), long-stroke pneumatic piston, semi-automatic and full-automatic, firing rate: 600 rounds/minute, muzzle velocity 7 15 m/s, effective range 300 meters (328.08 yards), using 30 or 40 rounds of magazines, 75 or 65438. Sight: metal mechanical ruler sight (adjustable), aiming baseline length is 378 mm (14.9 inches).
Kalashnikov, a gun designer who became a monk halfway, was originally a tank soldier of the Soviet Red Army during World War II. After being injured in the Battle of Bryansk in the Great Patriotic War and being sent to the rear hospital for treatment, he began to study gun technology. During this period, he designed a submachine gun named PPK-42 in the factory and made a prototype gun. Kalashnikov and the gun he designed immediately caught the attention of the Soviet military. The gun was arranged to participate in the battle of 1942 new submachine gun, but it was eventually lost to the PPS submachine gun designed by Alexei Ivanovich Sudayev and was not adopted by the Soviet army. Although he lost the election, the young designer Kalashnikov still didn't give up and continued to improve the guns he designed.
When he discussed the European war situation with his comrades in 1944, he found that the German forces equipped with StG44 assault rifles threatened the Red Army and began to conceive a simple and reliable new medium-power rifle. After referring to the M 1 Garland rifle, the prototype gun M 1944 was designed and the M43 rifle was used. After repeated attempts and failures, 1946 finally made the first prototype gun AK-46 of the famous AK series gun family.
The rifle has undergone a series of tests, including rigorous tests in extremely harsh environments such as wind, sand and mud. According to the test results, the rifle version with improved air guide and piston system was named AK-47 in 1947. At that time, the Soviet military requested to produce 1.500 rifles for field test, but the test results still failed to satisfy them. It was not until 1949 that the improved version was recognized by the Soviet army and officially adopted, ready to equip the Soviet army. This type of rifle was officially named "7,62-ммавтомакал".
The AK47 rifle was finalized in 1949, and mass production officially started in the Izhevsk military factory. 195 1 year, the former Soviet armed forces were equipped with replacement SKS rifles.
By 1953, the production process of gearbox was changed from stamping to machining, and a large number of Soviet troops began to be equipped. From 1950 s to 1980 s, AK was the standard equipment of the armed forces of the former Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries. After that, AKM rifles with a lot of synthetic materials were used, which was more reliable.
1980s, after the small-caliber AK-74 series was equipped with the armed forces of the former Soviet Union, AK and AKM gradually retired from active service.
Compared with the rifles of World War II, the AK47 has a shorter body and a shorter range, which is more suitable for close combat. The air duct is located above the barrel and pushes the bolt through the piston.
AK47 fires 7.62×39mm medium-power bullets, which are supplied by an arc magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds. Its safety/reducer design is based on Remington 8 semi-automatic rifle in the United States. The safety/deceleration paddle is arranged on the right side of the magazine, and the semi-automatic or full-automatic firing mode can be selected. The handle is located on the right side of the magazine.
AK's bolt works reliably. Even when foreign objects such as dust enter the crossbow in continuous shooting, its mechanical structure design can still ensure that the crossbow can continue to work normally, and it can also maintain quite good combat effectiveness in extremely harsh environments such as desert, tropical rain forest, cold and heat. But also has simple structure, easy decomposition, easy cleaning and maintenance and simple operation.
The main disadvantages of AK47 rifle are that the muzzle tilts up and jumps seriously when fully automatic shooting, and the bolt hits the bottom of the shell when it is in the back seat. The design of the throwing port of the bolt machine makes it difficult to install the accessory guide rail, such as Picardini guide rail widely used in western firearms.
However, because many gun parts manufacturers and even Kalashnikov Group have designed picatinny rail covers for AK series, this problem has basically been solved. The design of the shell cover leads to the defects of short aiming baseline and unsatisfactory sight design, which greatly affects the shooting accuracy, and the continuous shooting accuracy is even lower.
At present, dozens of countries in the world are equipped with AK series rifles. AK series rifles are widely used by armed forces or anti-government forces in many third world countries and even western countries because of their amazing characteristics of simple structure, durability, flexibility, convenience and reliability. In some areas, both sides of the conflict are even equipped with AK series rifles.
In addition, many countries in the world have copied or licensed AK series rifles, including: former East Germany, former Yugoslavia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Egypt, Cuba, North Korea and other countries. The design idea of AK rifle has also influenced the design style and concept of rifles in Israel, Finland and other countries.