the Olympic Games originated from the ancient Greek village of Olympia. In 884 BC, a war for Olympia took place between the Greek city-states of Elis and Sparta. At that time, frequent wars made ordinary people hate resorting to force and long for a peaceful life. After coordination, the two sides concluded a sacred treaty, which stipulated that Olympia was sacred and inviolable, and used it as a holy place for peace and a place for competition. Under the specific historical conditions of ancient Greece, the contradiction between war and peace was temporarily unified by sports activities. At that time, the rulers advocated sports competition because they could choose strong soldiers from the vast competitive team. Ordinary people are happy to participate in sports activities, not only because they can exercise their bodybuilding, get entertainment and spiritual enjoyment, but also live a peaceful life.

according to the regulations of the sports meeting, a "holy truce" will be implemented throughout Greece for a period of time before and after the games (initially for one month, then extended to three months). During the "Truce", no one is allowed to use the army to provoke war, and offenders will be punished. In the competition activities, people promote mutual understanding and strengthen unity and friendship through communication, which is naturally conducive to easing the relationship between the city-States. Therefore, unity and friendship have become the pillars of the ancient Olympic Games. In addition, in ancient Greece, during weddings, funerals and harvest periods, celebrations were often held to pay homage to Zeus, the head of all gods. In the celebration activities, poetry reading, song and dance performances and sports competitions should be held, which is also one of the important reasons for the formation of the ancient Olympic Games. When the Games first appeared, they were not organized in a unified way, but scattered in Corinth, Athens, Olympia and other places, among which the Games held in Olympia were the largest. By the eighth century BC, the sports meetings in other regions had disintegrated one after another and began to be held in Olympia, which is why the ancient Greek Games were named after Olympia.

The first ancient Olympic Games was held in 776 BC. It is held every 1417 days (that is, every 4 years). In the first few sessions, there was only one sprint (192.27 meters), and later, long-distance running, long jump, javelin, discus, wrestling, horse racing, racing and pentathlon (running, long jump, discus, javelin and wrestling) were gradually added. Of course, the method of competition is different from today's. For example, in the long jump competition, the athletes should hold dumbbells with both hands and be accompanied by a flute. Another example is boxing, where athletes wear leather covers with spikes outside, which is more cruel than modern boxing matches. Participants in the competition were initially limited to adult men, and teenagers began to participate in the 37th session in 632 BC. According to statistics, there were 24 events in the ancient Olympic Games, including 18 for adults and 6 for teenagers. Due to the gradual increase of events, the duration of the sports meeting was also increased from one day to three days, and later extended to five days. Most of the athletes who participated in the competition (not all of them, such as armed races, dressed in clothes) were naked, naked and covered with olive oil. Therefore, naked sports were all the rage and became a feature of the ancient Olympic Games. There will be a solemn and grand award ceremony at the sports meeting. The winners will receive an olive crown symbolizing honor, and each winner's name will be engraved on the wall of the sports ground. In addition, for the athletes who won the championship three times, statues will be made for them next to Zeus Temple to show their recognition and commemoration.

The participants in the Games are only Greek freemen, and slaves, foreigners and women have no right to participate. The demands on women are particularly harsh. The Greeks believe that the sports meeting is a celebration, and it is blasphemous for women to attend. In addition, the sports meeting is a naked competition, and it is inconvenient for women to visit. The ancient Olympic Games clearly stipulated that any woman who visited the sports meeting or participated in the sacred ceremony without permission was sentenced to death. However, at the 96th Olympic Games in 396 BC, a widow named Carly Padelia, disguised as a man, took part in a boxing match with her son Pisidorus as a coach, but was finally found out and sentenced to death according to the law. Later, because his father and brother and the son who participated in the competition won the championship, they got special pardon. This is the only exception that ordinary women in the ancient Olympic Games survived by stealing to watch the game. Although the ancient Olympic Games stipulated that women were not allowed to get their hands on them, the fate of women in the aristocratic class of slave owners was much better than that of ordinary women. In 68 BC, after the horse-drawn carriage race in the 25th Olympic Games was listed as a competition, it was stipulated that the winner was not the player himself, but the owner of the horse and vehicle; The wives and daughters of female slave owners, nobles or dignitaries can hire people to participate in the competition and become indirect winners of the Olympic laurels. What's more, during the heyday of Sparta, Kuniska, the sister of Sparta King Asiglaus, relied on her elder brother's power and despised the rules of the ancient Olympic Games, and directly participated in the carriage race, becoming the first real female champion of the ancient Olympic Games. Later, Greek women held women's games on the grounds of paying homage to Hera, the wife of Zeus. However, when the sports meeting began, how large it was, and how many times it was held, there is no test. However, women's games did exist during the ancient Olympic Games, and were held in Olympia, Athens, Cios, Deloose and other places. The competition was held after the Olympic Games and lasted for one day, which was recorded. The events of the competition are described in different historical materials, such as running, horse racing and javelin throwing. However, as far as the cultural relics unearthed so far are concerned, there is only one race, and it is dressed in a dress.

From 776 BC to 394 AD, the ancient Greek Olympic Games were held for 287 times. People divide it into three periods according to its origin, development and decline. 1. From 776 BC to 338 BC. This period was the golden age of the Games, especially in 49 BC, Greece built many Olympic facilities, which made the Olympic Games in its heyday. 2. From 338 BC to 146 BC, after Macedonia conquered Greece, it retained the Olympic Games. Philip, king of Macedonia, also personally participated in the carriage race. Later Alexander the Great still actively supported and added facilities for the Olympic Games, and regarded the Olympic Games as the highest form of sports activities in ancient Greece. 3. From 146 BC to 394 AD. The Olympic Games tend to decline. After the second century AD, Christianity ruled the whole of Europe, including Greece. It opposed sports, and the Olympic Games also existed in name only. In 394 AD, the Roman emperor Theodosius I ordered the abolition of the Olympic Games. In 436 AD, Theodosius II burned most of the buildings in Olympia. In 522 and 551, two strong earthquakes occurred in succession, which completely destroyed Olympia and made it a ruin.

Modern Olympic Games

The ancient Greek Olympic Games was resumed and developed in the 18th century, especially in the late 19th century, after it was banned in 394 AD and slept for more than a thousand years.

from the 14th century to the middle of the 18th century, there were three major ideological and cultural movements in Europe: Renaissance, Reformation and Enlightenment. The emerging bourgeoisie highly praised the ancient Greek cultural and sports thoughts, which aroused people's yearning for the ancient Olympic Games.

In the early 18th century, some scholars and experts from Britain, France, Germany and other countries visited Olympia one after another, and discovered many precious cultural relics and historical materials related to the ancient Olympic Games, which aroused people's more intense interest in the ancient Olympic Games.

at the end of the 19th century, the economies and cultures of European countries developed vigorously, international exchanges became more frequent, and sports exchanges also increased, and the first international sports organizations appeared. In 1881, the International Gymnastics Federation was established, and in 1892, the International Skating Federation and the International Rowing Federation were successively established. In 1887, the Germans exhibited a large number of cultural relics excavated from Olympia in Berlin, which had a great response. William, the German ruler, deliberately took advantage of the fanaticism of the masses and disguised himself as the initiator of the Olympic Games in an attempt to dominate Europe. Europeans need a peaceful environment, and think that restoring the Olympic Games is a good means to seek peace, but the ambitious William cannot be the initiator of the modern Olympic Games. It was under such historical conditions that Frenchman Pierre De Coubertin initiated the restoration of the Olympic Games.

Coubertin was born in a noble family in Paris on New Year's Day in 1863. When he was in middle school, he had a strong interest in the history of ancient Greece, which had a great influence on his later dedication to the Olympic Movement. In 1883, Coubertin proposed for the first time to hold a competition similar to the ancient Olympic Games, but it was not a simple inheritance, but to expand the sports games that were previously limited to Greeks to the world. In 1892, he visited all European countries to publicize the Olympic ideal. On November 25th of the same year, he delivered a famous speech entitled "Reviving the Olympics" in Paris. In 1893, in order to restore the Olympic Games, he held the first international sports conference in Paris. In January 1894, he wrote to sports clubs in various countries to discuss matters related to the restoration of the Olympic Games. On June 18-24 of the same year, he once again held an international sports conference in Paris. The meeting decided to set up the International Olympic Committee with 12 member countries, and elected the Greek poet Ze Wei Kailas as the chairman of the Committee and Coubertin as the secretary-general. The meeting also decided that the first modern Olympic Games would be held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is a corporate body with legal status and permanent inheritance rights, and it is not for profit. Headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. Its main purpose is to make sports serve the harmonious development of mankind and improve human dignity; In the spirit of friendship, unity and fair competition, young people from different countries, different nationalities, different colors and different beliefs can get together, communicate with each other, strengthen understanding and enhance friendship, thus contributing to the establishment of a beautiful and peaceful world. The motto of the Olympic Games is "Faster, Higher and Stronger". It was put forward by Didong, a close friend of Coubertin, and was officially approved by the International Olympic Committee in 1913.

The Olympic flag is white with five interlocking rings printed in the middle, which is what we call the Olympic ring. The colors of the five rings are blue, yellow, black, green and red from left to right (they can also be drawn in monochrome). The pattern of the flag was designed according to Coubertin's idea in 1913. In July 1914, the flag designed according to Coubertin's idea was hung for the first time at the International Olympic Committee meeting held in Paris to celebrate the 2th anniversary of the Olympic Movement. In the 7th Olympic Games held in 192, the flag printed with five rings was officially hung. At that time, the five colors of the ring were interpreted as symbolizing five continents: Europe-sky blue, Asia-yellow, Africa-black, Australia-grass green and America-red. Later, the official explanation was that they represented the colors of the national flags of all countries participating in the International Olympic Committee. The Olympic Review (4th issue) published by the International Olympic Committee in 1979 emphasized that the meaning of the five rings symbolizes the unity of the five continents, and athletes from all over the world meet at the Olympic Games with fair and frank competition and friendly spirit.

The Olympic anthem is a beautiful and solemn classical orchestral music. Composed by Greek Spiros samaras and written by Kostis palamas. In 1896, at the opening ceremony of the first Olympic Games in Athens, he was angry with Su Kui. 5? Tearing the stranger a little bit? Afraid of what? Stop? Fan? Does the barium sword protect the stalk and change it? ┕? Pick up the contracture? Do you like it? Arrogant? Hey? Hey? Did you scratch your head a little?

The lyrics of the song are:

"The immortal god of ancient times, the beautiful, great and upright holy father, prayed to come down to the world to show himself, and let the remarkable hero be in this earth sky as a witness of your glory.

Please light up the runway, wrestling and throwing events. These noble competitions are all-out, and present the crowns made of evergreen trees to the winners, shaping the steel trunk.

The valleys, mountains and oceans shine against each other like a colorful rock to build this huge temple. People from all over the world come here to worship you, O immortal ancient god. "

The modern Olympic Games can be divided into winter and summer. The Summer Olympic Games is held every four years. If it cannot be held for some reason, the number of sessions will still be counted. From the first session held in Athens in 1896 to the Moscow Olympic Games in 198, there were 22 sessions. However, due to the two world wars, it was interrupted three times in 1916 (the 6th session), 194 (the 12th session) and 1944 (the 13th session). In fact, it was only held 19 times.

The Olympic Games are hosted by a city of a country, not by this country. Several cities in a country can apply for hosting at the same time. If there are no special circumstances, the IOC must select them at least six years ago.

The duration of the Summer Olympic Games, including the opening ceremony, shall not exceed 16 days. Events should include at least 15 of the following events: track and field, rowing, basketball, boxing, kayaking, cycling, fencing, football, gymnastics, weightlifting, handball, hockey, sailing, judo, wrestling, swimming (including diving and water polo), modern pentathlon, equestrian, shooting, archery and volleyball. Since the 2th Olympic Games in 1972, all the above 21 events have been held in the last three sessions, and the number of individual events has increased every session. There were 195 in 1972, 198 in 1976, 23 in p>198 and 22 in 1984. The winners of the Olympic Games only receive spiritual rewards: one medal for each of the top three. The first place is the silver gold-plated medal. The gold content is at least 6 grams, the second place is a silver medal and the third place is a bronze medal. The top three were awarded certificates. No medals will be awarded to the fourth, fifth and sixth place, only certificates will be awarded. The Olympic Committee stressed that the competition is only a competition between athletes and teams, not a contest between countries, so the team rankings are not officially announced.

In the first Olympic Games in p>1896, the Greeks still followed the old system of their ancestors, although women were excluded from the games.

At the 2nd Olympic Games in p>19, women won the right to participate in the Olympic Games for the first time. Although there were only 11 people, it set a precedent for women to enter the world sports arena. At present, women's sports are in the ascendant, the number of women's events in the Olympic Games is increasing, and more and more female athletes are participating. In 19, the number of women participants was less than 1% of that of men, and now the ratio of male and female athletes in the Olympic Games is close to 5: 1. In terms of events, women only participated in tennis and golf in 19; In the 1984 Olympic Games, the number of women's individual events reached 61, accounting for 28% of all events.

In p>1981, at the baden-baden meeting of the International Olympic Committee, two women members were elected for the first time, namely, Pi Haagman of Finland and Fonseca of Venezuela, thus breaking the situation that the International Olympic Committee was established in 1894, with all men as members for more than 8 years.

At the Summer Olympic Games in p>198 and 192, figure skating and ice hockey were listed as events.

In p>1924, an ice and snow competition was held at the International Sports Week in Chamonix, France. In 1925, the Prague meeting of the International Olympic Committee adopted the decision to hold the Winter Olympic Games regularly, and ratified Chamonix's ice and snow competition as the first Winter Olympic Games (see another record for a brief introduction of the Winter Olympics).

At present, the worldwide Olympic Games.