In order to achieve good academic performance, in addition to carefully understanding and digesting the learning content, mastering and applying scientific learning methods, calmly facing challenges in the examination room and giving full play to these points, scientifically arrange review , is also crucial for improving test scores. Review is a re-learning process. This process includes the following three steps: First, summarize and organize the book knowledge and move it to paper to form a knowledge network; second, move the summarized and organized knowledge network on paper to the brain's memory. and use the knowledge they have already mastered to answer questions, and improve their practical application ability of knowledge through drills; the third is to conduct practical exercises and pass simulated exams to check for omissions and fill in the gaps. In a nutshell, it is to understand, remember and be able to use it.

Specifically speaking, the review should be arranged according to the following three-step review method.

The first step: summarize and organize knowledge to network

Einstein said: "Find things in the books you read that can lead you to the depths. Throw away everything else that overloads the mind and lures you away from the point. "This is a high-level summary and summary of his valuable learning experience in his life. It has as universal guiding significance as "The Theory of Relativity".

Review is not a simple mechanical repetition, but a process in which knowledge is networked through induction and organization, and the understanding and understanding of knowledge are continuously refined and deepened.

No matter which subject of knowledge, it takes a long time to learn and a single line of time. During the general review, in addition to the network summary of knowledge, it is also necessary to summarize certain knowledge from different angles. In particular, some knowledge that is somehow connected and scattered everywhere can be organized by induction, which will be of great help in enhancing the learning effect. ?

First, through induction, a knowledge system that combines systems and key points can be established. For example, the chapter on rational numbers in first grade junior high school mathematics can be summarized as follows:?

1. Understand the rational number system

Rational numbers

Note: Rational numbers can definitely be written as fractions form, and irrational numbers must not be written in the form of fractions. ?

2. Use the intuitive characteristics of the number axis to establish a unified point of view of number shapes?

The three elements of the number axis: origin, positive direction, and unit length. ?

Every real number can be represented by a unique point on the number axis; conversely, every point on the number axis represents a unique real number. ?

3. Understand the related concepts of rational numbers

(1) Opposite numbers: real number a + b = 0, then a and b are opposite numbers of each other, and the opposite number of zero is zero. ?

(2) Reciprocal: Real number a·b=1, then a and b are reciprocals of each other, zero has no reciprocal; real number a·b=-1, then a and b are negative reciprocals of each other.

(3) Square root of number: In the range of real numbers, positive numbers have square roots and cube roots, negative numbers have cube roots but not square roots, and any square root of zero is zero. In the range of real numbers, the positive square root of a positive number is called an arithmetic root, also called a quadratic root, and the arithmetic root of zero is zero.

(4) Approximate calculations and significant figures: In the approximate calculation of real numbers, fractions and irrational numbers are first converted into decimals, the intermediate operations are accurate by one more digit, and the final result is accurate to the required accuracy. Spend. In an approximate number, starting from the first non-zero digit on the left to the last digit obtained after rounding, all numbers are called the significant digits of the number. ?

4. The operation of rational numbers (the focus of this chapter)

(1) The operation rules of rational numbers: ?

①The addition rule: adding with the same sign is one-sided, If the different signs add up, the bigger one will decrease, and the sign will follow the bigger one. ?

②Subtraction rule: Subtracting a number is equal to adding the opposite of the number. ?

③Multiplication rule: If two numbers are multiplied together, the numbers with the same sign will be positive, and the numbers with different signs will be negative, and the absolute values ??will be multiplied together. 0 multiplied by any number is 0. ?

④ Rule of division: dividing by a number is equal to multiplying by the reciprocal of the number. 0 cannot be used as a divisor.

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⑤ Exponential operation of rational numbers: Any power of a positive number is a positive number; the odd power of a negative number is a negative number, and the even power of a negative number is a positive number. ?

(2) Law of operation: ?

①Commutative law of addition: a b=b a. ?

②Associative law of addition: (a b) c=a (b c). ?

③Commutative law of multiplication: ab=ba. ?

④Associative law of multiplication: (ab)c=a(bc). ?

⑤The distributive law of multiplication to addition: a(b c)=ab ac. ?

(3) Sequence of operations and precautions: ?

① For beginners, the four mixed operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of rational numbers must be subtraction first Change to addition and division to multiplication. This prevents errors. ?

② For cases involving three-level operations, follow the order of exponentiation, square root, then multiplication and division, and finally addition and subtraction. Operations at the same level are performed sequentially from left to right. When there are brackets, proceed in the order of small, medium and large brackets. Sometimes the brackets can also be removed flexibly. ?

③ Attention should be paid to the flexible use of arithmetic laws to simplify calculations, and priority should be given to solving numbers that are opposite to each other and whose sum is zero.

④Be able to use scientific notation. ?

⑤ Ability to look up square root tables and cube root tables.

Second, through induction, patterns can be found.

Take the chapter on factoring in junior middle school mathematics as an example. The chapter on factoring mainly contains two items, one is the concept of factoring, and the other is the method of factoring. There are five methods of factorization: ①Common factor extraction method, ②Formula method, ③Cross multiplication method, ④Group decomposition method, ⑤Split terms and add terms method. Among these five methods, there is a question of who comes first and who comes last, and there is also a question of which method is suitable for which type of question. Through induction, we can find the rules.

Third, through induction, the interconnections and differences between basic concepts can be fully analyzed. For example, elements and atoms, compounds and mixtures, ionic compounds and valent compounds, substitution reactions and substitution reactions, etc., through induction, we can find the similarities and essential differences between them to prevent confusion.

The second step: keep the basic knowledge in mind, pay close attention to basic skills training, improve the ability to apply knowledge through systematic drills, and master problem-solving skills. When students review, they can first include basic concepts and basic theories. , the knowledge network of basic methods is extracted from textbooks and written on paper. Then, this knowledge network is converted into stored knowledge through memory as quickly as possible. ?

One of the characteristics of current standardized examinations is that they have a large number of questions, a large coverage, and focus on ability testing. At the same time, the large number of objective questions in standardized examinations require basic knowledge and basic skills no matter how quick their thinking or how fast their reactions are. In this lecture, the first step of establishing a knowledge network and the second step of system drills cannot be separated from basic skills and basic knowledge. ?

The "Examination Instructions" for each subject promulgated by the National Education Commission clearly explains the knowledge points and abilities of each subject. Among them, the so-called focus on testing ability on the basis of testing knowledge means that students must have a thorough understanding of the course content they have learned and have a strong ability to control basic concepts, basic theories, basic ideas, basic methods and basic skills. We must focus on systematically grasping the internal connections of course content and strive to improve our ability to analyze and solve problems. Therefore, in the review, we must first understand the basic things thoroughly and solidly. At the same time, we cannot just stop at mastering basic knowledge. We must also learn to comprehensively apply knowledge to solve practical problems. ?

Through systematic exercises, the knowledge you have mastered can gradually reach the level of easy application. During the practice, you can gradually explore and master problem-solving skills and improve your problem-solving ability and speed. ?

The exercises that students usually do after class are mainly based on unit knowledge and are mainly used to train and test their ability to apply unit knowledge.

The drills for the general review of the college entrance examination can no longer stay at this level. On the basis of being able to successfully answer the unit exercises, more comprehensive knowledge application exercises should be done, that is, systematic knowledge and comprehensive skill training.

The third step: Conduct actual combat exercises and check for omissions

It is necessary for candidates to understand the question types and structure of the examination paper, just like a commander needs to understand the topography of the battlefield in order to Be prepared to avoid making mistakes in a hurry. ?

The specific method is to take the examination papers of the entrance examination or its simulation examination in the past one or two years, answer them seriously like a regular examination according to the time requirements, and then mark the papers yourself . When marking papers, you not only look at how many points you can get, but mainly look at which questions you can't answer, which questions have wrong answers, which questions have wrong steps to solve problems, and which questions have problems with your problem-solving skills. , which question was answered carelessly. Doing some practical exercises like this can play a role in identifying and filling in gaps. ?

You should pay attention to the following issues when answering the test paper: ?

The first is to carefully read the instructions for the test paper and test questions, and clarify the requirements and methods for answering the questions. For example: Is the multiple choice question a single choice or a double choice? Commonly used methods for single-choice questions include elimination method and direct method. The characteristic of the elimination method is that those who do not meet the meaning of the question are eliminated through judgment based on the knowledge learned, and the remaining one is the correct answer. The characteristic of the direct method is that the answer is obtained through inference or calculation based on the knowledge already learned, and the answer is compared with the alternative answers. The one that is the same is the correct answer. After a correct answer is found when solving the problem, the remaining parts can no longer be considered. The multiple-choice questions have strict requirements, and each alternative answer must be carefully judged when solving the questions. The elimination method is commonly used for less difficult questions, and the analysis method and reverse deduction method are commonly used for more difficult questions. The elimination method is the same as that used for single-choice questions; the analysis method is to draw conclusions after analysis; the inversion method is to work backwards from the answer, discarding those that do not meet the meaning of the question, and the remaining answer is the answer. For questions involving calculations, the direct method is commonly used, that is, the calculation results are compared with the alternative answers, and the correct answer is the one that is the same. ?

The second is to pay attention to clarify the reasons for scoring. Take multiple-choice questions as an example, especially double-option multiple-choice questions. You need to see whether you will get points if you are all correct, or if you choose only one item correctly, you will get half the points. Is there any deduction of points? When you encounter multiple-choice questions that are not subject to penalty points, you can boldly guess when you are not sure. When guessing, you should use the elimination method to eliminate some options, and use logical reasoning or intuition to guess the remaining options. Don't be afraid to choose. However, when encountering questions with negative points, beware of making uncertain guesses. ?

The third is to find out where to write the answer. If you are answering on a machine-readable answer sheet, you must select the options on the question paper and then use a pencil to blacken the corresponding information points on the answer sheet. When painting black, pay attention to the standard. It is best not to change the paint or change it to avoid being misread by the computer due to irregular black painting. ?

Fourth, we must pay attention to the time. For general multiple-choice questions, it takes 1 minute for a score of 1 point, two minutes for a score of 2 points, and 3 minutes for a score of 3 points. Don't dwell on individual problems for too long. If you are not sure about a question at once, you can first choose an answer that you think is reasonable and write down the location of the question on a piece of paper. After you have finished answering the entire paper, you can go back and think about it carefully. ?

The fifth is to pay attention to the short answer questions before writing them. Short-answer questions require simplicity and clarity. When answering questions, you must grasp the most essential connection with the question and explain the truth. ?

The sixth thing to note is that when solving large-scale problems, especially calculation problems, you must do as many steps as you can. It is better to "know all" than "not know everything". For questions whose conclusions can be seen at a glance, the steps should also be written down. There should be at least one step and no word left. ?Seventh is to pay attention to inspection. When time permits, check carefully and correct any mistakes caused by carelessness. Do not submit the paper in advance. ?

In addition to paying attention to the above three-step review method, candidates should also pay attention to self-psychological adjustment during review, pay attention to arranging diet and sleep, and pay attention to the balance between work and rest and physical exercise. In addition, during the official exam, after each subject, you should go home as soon as possible to review the subjects that were not tested, and do not check the answers with others, so as not to find that your answers are wrong and cause you to be upset, which will affect the review and examination of the next subject.