1. Hidden City

From Fujin County, Heilongjiang Province to the east, you can reach Erlongshan Town by driving along National Highway 221 for about 35 kilometers. Turn to the southeast for 12 kilometers, and you will come to a place hidden on the map.

This is a city full of buildings, with vertical and horizontal streets and heavy traffic. There are buses, high schools, tertiary hospitals, public security institutions and other institutions, and there is no shortage of infrastructure that other cities should have. The name of this city is "Jiansanjiang".

but it's hard to find it here on a normal map. Because some maps mark her as a village, some even draw nothing, and even the name "Jiansanjiang" will not appear.

what the hell is going on here?

It turns out that although this place is included in Fujin City on the map, Jiansanjiang belongs to a special system-agricultural reclamation system. Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Bureau (now changed to Beidahuang Group) has been under the dual leadership of the province and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for a long time. Compared with the local ordinary towns, the agricultural reclamation system is on another track. On ordinary maps, these special areas will not be marked.

including jiansanjiang, Heilongjiang agricultural reclamation system has 9 administrations (branches), many of which are independent cities. That is, like the construction of Sanjiang, a city that cannot be found on the map.

2. Land Reclamation

The vast northeast plain consists of Liaohe Plain, Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain from southwest to northeast. Heilongjiang Province, the most northeastern province, is located in the northern part of Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain, with a distance of 1, kilometers from the Great Wall, the border of the traditional Central Plains dynasty.

There is the most fertile and suitable land for farming in China-black land. This kind of land evolved in cold climate after the surface vegetation died and corroded for a long time to form humus. Its organic matter content is several times that of loess, and people describe it as "one soil and two oils".

There are only four big black lands in the world. In addition to the northeast of China, the other three places are the European granary Ukraine, the Mississippi Plain in North America and the pampas region in South America. They are all world-famous granaries.

However, due to remoteness and cold, before modern times, it was always the land of fishing and hunting nationalities such as Sushen. There have also been some civilizations based on agriculture, such as Bohai State in the Tang Dynasty, but they all disappeared in the clouds of history.

until the eve of the founding of new China, most of this fertile land, which "blooms with black soil and sprouts with chopsticks", was still in an undeveloped state, and was called "Great Northern Wilderness". Yuan Ye is dominated by jackals and wolves, and bears and tigers are kings in the mountains.

at the beginning of liberation, the state decided to develop here.

Thousands of veterans and aspiring young people from all over the country began to take root in the Great Northern Wilderness. However, this process is not easy!

There is no road here, and thorns are everywhere, so people walk out of the road with their legs. There are no wells here, so people filter the water from rivers and lakes for drinking while drilling wells. There are no houses here. People carry bricks and tiles to build houses. At the same time, people bury seeds in the ground.

When the winter comes, thousands of miles are frozen, and the snow is drifting in Wan Li. On the night of MINUS 2 or 3 degrees, people wrapped their quilts tightly, listened to the howling of wild animals in the distance, and looked forward to the dawn. They think of their hometown and the people they care about.

everything comes to him who waits, and the next year, the grain is golden.

after years of pioneering, a farm was established in the cold black soil of Heilongjiang. Soybean, corn, rice, here has become a high-yield "Beidacang". The course of people's hard struggle has condensed into the "spirit of the Great Northern Wilderness", which has inspired groups of latecomers.

In order to make overall management, in 1976, Heilongjiang State Farm General Bureau was established, which was the predecessor of Heilongjiang Land Reclamation General Bureau. In 1995, the grain output in the reclamation area exceeded 1 billion Jin. In 211, the output exceeded 4 billion Jin, and it has been stable above 4 billion Jin for nine consecutive years. Car after car of rice, flour and oil set out from here and shipped to all parts of the country.

3. Panorama of farming towns

The headquarters of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Bureau (now Beidahuang Group) was originally in Jiamusi, and moved to Harbin, the provincial capital, in 2. The Group has 9 administrations (branches) and 18 farms. There will be a branch and a production team under the farm. Some management bureaus and farm farms are connected with ordinary towns, while others are independent towns. As I said before, these towns are often not reflected on the map.

The nine administrations are: Beian Administration, Baoquanling Administration, Hongxinglong Administration, Mudanjiang Administration, Jiusan Administration, Jiansanjiang Administration, Harbin Administration, Qiqihar Administration and Suihua Administration. Among them, Jiansanjiang and Baoquanling are not in any established towns, but are actually equivalent to independent cities.

due to the tradition of military reclamation, the general people also call the management bureau "divisional headquarters", the farm department "regimental headquarters", the sub-farm department "battalion department" and the production team "company". Farming system and local cities and counties are not unified for a long time, and farmers call other ordinary cities and counties "local people". Although farmers are farmers, they are employees of state-owned enterprises.

In addition, there is a famous "Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University" in Heilongjiang. The school was originally located in Peide Town, Jixi City, and later moved to Daqing. This school was established in 1958 to train agricultural reclamation talents, and it was indeed under the jurisdiction of the agricultural reclamation system in the early days. However, as early as 1973, the school was placed under the management of the province and no longer belonged to the General Administration of Land Reclamation.

The distribution of the nine management bureaus and their subordinate farms is as follows:

4. Reform and future

The population of Heilongjiang agricultural reclamation system is 532,, with 44.48 million mu of cultivated land, 13.62 million mu of woodland, 5.7 million mu of grassland and 3.88 million mu of water surface. It is equivalent to an average arable land area of more than 1 mu per household, which is much higher than the average level in China.

A small population and a large number of land provide conditions for mechanized large-scale planting. By 218, the level of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang has reached 96.8%, which is 3% higher than that in the whole country. Machines are used in sowing, field work and harvesting, which has taken a big step on the road of agricultural modernization.

However, there are inherent problems in the agricultural reclamation system. Due to the process of its state-led establishment, agricultural reclamation has long implemented the system of integrating government with enterprises, and its self-adjustment is not flexible in the face of the constant changes in the external situation. The farm should not only produce and operate, but also "run the society". The funds for supporting facilities such as education and medical care are all borne by the agricultural reclamation system, which is a huge expenditure.

in recent years, the agricultural reclamation system has been groping for reform. The first thing to be solved is the integration of government and enterprise, and the social function is brought into the management of local government, and the agricultural reclamation is only responsible for production and operation, and each specialty is divided. After the reform, the agricultural reclamation implements a two-tier management system based on the family management of employees, with large farms coordinating small farms. Farm land is contracted by employees, but the contract period cannot exceed their retirement years, so as to prevent contract relationship from simple solidification.

in order to facilitate the integrated utilization of resources, in 1994, Beidahuang Company began to prepare and register its trademark, and listed on A-share in 22. In 218, all the agricultural reclamation systems were reorganized into "Heilongjiang Beidahuang Agricultural Reclamation Group Corporation", and all the management bureaus were reorganized into branches (among which Harbin Management Bureau was changed into a limited company). The name "General Administration of Land Reclamation" was completely delisted, and the historical mission was completed.

After the transformation, Beidahuang Group gradually introduced market-oriented factors, paid attention to brand building, and promoted modernization and internationalization. At present, the group has a number of well-known brands such as Wandashan Dairy, Jiusan Cereals and Oils, and Kenfeng Seed Industry.

in 219, the per capita disposable income of agricultural reclamation workers, as employees of primary production, reached 25,985 yuan, which was between urban areas (3,945 yuan) and rural areas (14,982 yuan) in Heilongjiang province, even higher than that of rural areas in Jiangsu province (22,675 yuan).

In addition, due to decades of over-reclamation, soil erosion and wetland reduction have occurred in the originally fertile black soil. Compared with the initial stage of reclamation, the black soil layer is thinner and the organic matter content is lower. In order to realize the harmonious development between man and nature, the state has now banned unscientific reclamation, and rationally arranged returning farmland to wasteland to establish and contain a healthy environment.

With the process of urbanization in China, the population of rural areas in China will be less and less in the future, and mechanized and automated farming will be gradually popularized. The reform and management of Heilongjiang agricultural reclamation system will provide valuable experience for agriculture and animal husbandry in the new era.