1. Basic knowledge of fabrics:
(1) High-count and high-density fabrics; high-count refers to the ground count of yarn. Generally, ground yarn exceeding 40s is high-count yarn; A density of more than 95 fibers/inch is considered high density. The new standards for bedding products do not assess density, but only the mass (weight) deviation rate per unit area.
(2) Marking on the fabric: 110″ 60×40 / 173×120, explanation: a 110″ refers to the width of the fabric, 110 inches (110×2.54=279.4cm), b 60× 40 refers to the fabric yarn, ground warp 60s yarn and weft 40s yarn. c 173×120 refers to the fabric density, the first group of numbers refers to the ground warp density of 173 threads/inch, and the second group of numbers refers to the weft yarn density of 120 threads/inch.
2. Fabrics are classified according to organization, including plain weave, twill weave, and satin.
(1) Characteristics of plain weave: Plain weave is made up of warp and weft yarns interlaced one up and down. The warp and weft yarns are interlaced every other yarn, and the weave points are frequent. The warp and weft yarns are closely connected, and the cloth body is strong and firm.
(2) Characteristics of the satin weave: The individual weave points of the satin weave are covered by the warp (or weft) floating lengths on both sides of the weave, so the warp (or weft) appears on the surface of the weave. or weft) floating long line. Therefore, the cloth surface is smooth, even, shiny and soft.
3. Fabrics are divided according to technology: plain, printed, jacquard (large jacquard, small jacquard, plain jacquard, yarn-dyed jacquard, multi-color weft jacquard).
(1) Plain color: weaving first and then dyeing is called plain color, dyeing first and then weaving is called yarn-dyed weaving.
(2) Printing: dyeing first and then printing is called plain printing, and printing with a background color is called scratch printing. The printed fabrics used in Jinhao Textile's "Yishijia" bedding are all made using environmentally friendly reactive dye printing techniques.
(3) Jacquard: a The pattern woven with a jacquard machine is large jacquard; b The pattern woven with a dobby machine is small jacquard; c Two-color weft jacquard is called two-color jacquard; d Two-color jacquard The above ground weft jacquard is called multi-color jacquard; e the ground jacquard that is woven first and then dyed is called plain jacquard; f the ground jacquard that is dyed first and then weaved is called yarn-dyed jacquard.
4. Fabrics used for bedding: Generally pure cotton fabrics or silk cotton fabrics, because pure cotton or silk cotton fabrics are natural fibers, soft, highly absorbent, not prone to static electricity, and do not have any contact with the skin. It is irritating, beneficial and harmless to the human body, has good hygroscopicity, breathability, good taking performance, and makes people feel comfortable. The biggest disadvantage is that it wrinkles easily.
5. Fabric quality identification:
(1) High-grade fabrics made of high-count and high-density mercerized cotton fabrics: pure natural fiber, full feel, crisp, smooth and soft, thick and delicate , no irritation when in contact with the skin, good hygroscopicity, good breathability, no static electricity, and harmless to the human body. The appearance feels high-end and luxurious (using such products makes people feel twice as valuable).
(2) Low-grade fabrics and poor-quality fabrics feel loose, rough, hairy, hard, thin and vulgar, and have a strange feeling when in contact with the skin. (Most of the lower-priced bedding products on the market feel this way). (Using such products makes people feel less valuable).
(3) Silk cotton fabric is made of high-count pure cotton interwoven with silk: pure natural fiber, soft, plump, smooth, delicate, bright, comfortable in contact with the skin, without any irritation. Various properties are better than pure cotton. The appearance feels high-end, luxurious and luxurious. The natural silk in silk cotton fabrics has the effect of eliminating skin blackness, treating skin diseases, and making the skin beautiful. Modern medicine has proven that the special sericin ingredient contained in natural silk, SERICIN, has anti-allergic, skin-friendly and other protective effects. Because silk is a porous fiber, it is very warm, dry and breathable.
Filling material selection Filling materials include chemical fiber (synthetic fiber), natural fiber, and down
1. Chemical fiber (synthetic fiber) includes: polyester cotton (polyester fiber), hollow Cotton, slippery cotton, soft cotton (loose cotton) (1) Polyester cotton is generally solid, has poor elasticity and warmth, and feels heavier, so it is suitable as a filling for low-end products.
(2) Hollow cotton generally has one hole or multiple holes, has good elasticity and warmth retention, and is suitable as a filling for mid-to-high-end products. a One-hole: It is single-hole cotton, which has better elasticity and warmth retention than polyester solid cotton. It is suitable as a filling for mid-range products.
b Porous cotton: This type of fiber has 4 holes, 7 holes, etc., and the specifications are 6D and 8D. They are all made of three-dimensional curled cotton, which has excellent elasticity, warmth retention and breathability. It is light in weight and feels comfortable on the human body. Because the fiber pores can maintain moisture and oxygen in the air, they provide for human skin metabolism and are beneficial to health. Generally used as filler for high-end products, the cost is relatively high.
(3) Slippery cotton: This cotton has one hole. After finishing, it feels particularly comfortable and smooth, with good warmth retention and elasticity.
(4) Soft cotton (loose cotton): hollow cotton or three-dimensional curled single-hole cotton, made through carding, paving, glue spraying, finishing and other processes. Usually finer fiber is used, and the soft glue is sprayed and treated with high temperature resistance and disinfection. It feels soft and light in weight. It is often used as multi-purpose quilt core cotton. According to the thickness, it is divided into: 800#, 1000#, 1200#---2400# cotton. Used as multi-purpose quilt core cotton for high-end bedding products. (All chemical fibers are not as warm as natural fibers).
2. Natural fibers include: wool, silk, pure cotton wadding
(1) Wool: Wool that has been degreased, washed, and carded is used as filler and has good thermal insulation properties. It has good curling, moderate thickness, good resilience, and strong moisture absorption and breathability. But the price is higher. Really good wool-filled quilts are uniform, smooth, elastic and odorless.
(2) Silk: Using silk as filling, it is light, soft, has good thermal insulation properties, is close-fitting and durable, can reduce the burden on the cardiovascular system, can effectively prevent moisture from invading muscles and bones, and defend against harmful gases and bacteria. It invades the body, enhances the vitality of body surface cells, and has good health care effects. It is especially beneficial for rheumatism, arthritis and frozen shoulder. But it's expensive. A truly good silk quilt must use pure filament, which is uniform, smooth, soft and elastic, with a basically uniform appearance and color, and no odor.
(3) Pure cotton batting: Cotton batting is used as filling. Although it has good warmth retention properties, it is easy to regain moisture, is thick and easy to harden.
(4) Down: Use down as a filling, which has good warmth retention, is light and soft, and is not easy to regain moisture, but it is very expensive. A good duvet should be fluffy, soft, even, and odor-free.
The main process flow of fabric printing and dyeing process is turning, seam singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization and white dyeing, pre-stentering, printing, soft and smooth finishing, tentering, calendering and pre-shrinking
1. Classification of bedding
1. Covers: quilt covers, bed skirts, bed sheets;
2. Pillows: initially they can be divided into pillowcases, pillow cores, and pillowcases They are further divided into short pillowcases, long pillowcases, square pillowcases, etc., and pillow cores are further divided into four-hole fiber pillows, square pillows, kapok pillows, magnetic pillows, latex pillows, chrysanthemum pillows, etc.
3. Bedding categories: seven-hole quilts, four-hole quilts, air-conditioning quilts, protective pads;
4. Sets: four-piece sets, five-piece sets, six-piece sets, seven-piece sets piece set.
2. Raw material composition
1. Pure cotton fabric:
①Twill cotton: density is 133×72/40×40
②Plain weave pure cotton: Density is 76×68/30×30, 100×90/40×40 2. Air-conditioning is defined: It is a thin quilt, used when the air-conditioning is on, light and warm, and prevents you from catching a cold. Characteristics: Strong elasticity, washable with water, no deformation, no shrinkage, harmless to human body, soft, warm, good breathability. Raw material composition: The air-conditioning quilt surface is made of pure cotton fabric, and the cotton used is curly fiber cotton (800#, that is, the weight is 80g/m2).
3. Waterfowl quilt
①Characteristics: small pulling force, weaker toughness than washed quilt, soft touch, strong warmth retention.
②Material composition: Waterbird quilt cover is made of polyester-cotton fabric, and the cotton used is curly fiber cotton (3200# cotton, that is, 320g/m2).
4. Multi-purpose quilt
①Material composition: The multi-purpose quilt surface is made of pure cotton fabric, breathable fiber and washed cotton.
②Characteristics: warm in winter and cool in summer, soft to the touch, good breathability, the looper has a fixed inner cover design, easy to remove and wash, well-designed, various styles and varieties, and multi-functional.
③Cause of fading: Reactive printing and dyeing do not fade, and pure cotton and polyester cotton have different adsorption capacities.
5. Sofa raw material composition: wooden structure, latex filling, made of decorative cloth, cotton, linen, etc.
6. Curtain raw materials: cotton, linen and other fiber fabrics.
7. Mattress raw materials: springs, coconut palm, cotton, latex, linen, cloth, steel bars, etc.
8. Magnetic pillow: Characteristics: It can promote blood circulation. Working principle: The magnetic pillow can effectively improve the human body's microcirculation by installing geomagnetic blocks on the pillow, and improve the weakening and disorder of the geomagnetic field information caused by fatigue. By affecting the magnetism of the brain acupuncture points, the brain waves can be adjusted during sleep, and the magnetic poles can be adjusted. It acts on the human body in a regular manner and is not interfered by external electromagnetic waves, and has obvious health care effects.
6. The scope of bedding production processes including layout, cutting, parking, quality inspection, and packaging of bedding. Bedding refers to items placed on the bed for people to use while sleeping, including quilts, Quilt covers, sheets, bedspreads, fitted sheets, pillowcases, pillow cores, blankets, mats and mosquito nets.
Bedding fabric: Fabric refers to the fabric used to make the surface of the finished product in bedding. In addition to the intrinsic quality requirements, the requirements for fabrics must also have a good appearance. The tear strength, abrasion resistance, moisture absorption and hand feel of the surface fabric should be good. The shrinkage rate should be controlled within 1%, and the color fastness should meet the requirements. All national standard fabrics can be used.