Jinci Temple, formerly known as King Jin Temple and originally named Tang Shuyu Temple, was built in memory of Tang Shuyu, the founding emperor of Jin State (later named King Jin) and his mother, Jiang Hou. Located in Jinci Town, Jinyuan District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, it has a unique cultural heritage value. It is the earliest existing royal garden in China and the ancestral hall of the State of Jin. There are dozens of ancient buildings in the temple with Chinese cultural characteristics.
Jinci Temple is the only precious historical and cultural heritage that integrates China's ancient sacrificial architecture, gardens, sculptures, murals and inscriptions, and it is also the world center of architecture, gardens and sculpture. Among them, Difficult Old Spring, Maid Statue and Virgin Statue are known as "Three Musts in Jinci". Jinci was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in March 1961 and the first batch of national AAAA-level tourist attractions in 211.
History and Culture
Jinci Temple was founded in the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC) to commemorate Tang Shuyu, the founding emperor of Jin State (later named King of Jin) and his mother, Jiang Hou. It is an intensive carrier of ancient architectural art in China.
1,5 years ago, it was recorded in Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty that Jinci had a considerable scale. After the Northern Qi Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, after more than 2, years of construction, repair and expansion, it became today's scale. Among them, it flourished from the 7th century to the 12th century, and it was a model of ancient gardens and sculpture art in Tang and Song Dynasties in China. Up to now, there are inscriptions in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, more than 1 ancient buildings in different periods of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially the main building, Notre Dame Hall, which is regarded as the only typical representative architectural example of the Northern Song Dynasty in the history of ancient architecture in China. The sculptures of the Song Dynasty preserved in the Temple of Notre Dame broke through the pattern of religious statues before the Song Dynasty, and became a portrayal of real people in the society at that time, creating a precedent for realistic works of sculpture art. It is not only the only statue reflecting court figures in the history of China sculpture, but also a rare masterpiece in the history of China sculpture.
Jinci Temple was founded a long time ago, with a superior geographical position and beautiful natural scenery. Jinci, with a large number of ancient buildings, sculptures, inscriptions, murals and ancient and famous trees, reflects the development and changes in China's ancient politics, economy, architecture, gardens, sculpture, religion, culture and many other fields from different aspects. The historical, artistic, scientific and appreciation value of Jinci makes it the longest and most representative example of the combination of ancient ancestral halls and garden art, and it is also the ancient culture of China and human architectural art.
evolution of construction
plaque at the main entrance of Jinci
● Southern and Northern Dynasties-Sui Dynasty
During the Tianbao period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (55 -559), Wen Xuandi Gaoyang expanded Jinci, "building a big view and building a pond". Reading Desk, Wangchuan Pavilion, Liubei Pavilion, Yongxue Pavilion, Renzhixuan Pavilion, Junfutang Pavilion, Difficult Old Spring Pavilion and Shanli Spring Pavilion were all built in this period. Repairs have continued since Gaoyang.
In the sixth year of Emperor Kaihuang of Sui Dynasty (581 -586), a relic health tower was built in the southwest of the ancestral temple area to irrigate rice fields with water from Shanxi, which lasted for 41 miles a week.
● Tang Dynasty-Jin Dynasty (Tang and Song Dynasties were the golden ages in the history of Jinci development)
In the twentieth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (646), Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, went to Jinci to write the inscription "The Inscription of Jinci" and expanded it again.
During the reign of Taiping and Xingguo (976 -983 AD), Zhao Guangyi, Song Taizong, built a large-scale building in Jinci, and when the renovation was completed, he also carved inscriptions.
during the Tiansheng period (123 -132), Zhao Zhen of Song Renzong made Tang Shuyu the king of Fendong, and built a grand Notre Dame Hall for Yijiang, the mother of Tang Shuyu.
During the reign of Yuan You and Shao Sheng in Song Zhezong (186 -198), iron men were cast and lotus platforms were built to make them powerful. In the second year of Yuanyou (187), Lu Ji, the head of Taiyuan government, and others presented six wooden dragons and the statue of Notre Dame. In the fourth year (189), an iron man was cast in the southeast corner of the Golden Man Terrace, and the existing iron man was rebuilt in the 15th year of the Republic of China (1926). In the fourth year of Shaosheng (197), an iron man was cast in the southwest corner of the Golden Man Terrace. In five years (198), an iron man was cast in the northwest corner of the Golden Man Platform. The Iron Man in the northeast corner was destroyed early and was rebuilt in 1913.
Song Huizong Chongning Middle School (112-116) rebuilt the Temple of Notre Dame and gave it the name "Kindness Temple". In the first year of Zhenghe (1111), the Miao Church was rebuilt. In the eighth year (1118), a pair of iron lions were cast on the fishpond flying beam.
in the eighth year of Jin dading's reign (1168), he even flew to Liangdadong, and built an additional memorial hall to dedicate sacrifices to the Virgin Mary. 3 rooms wide and 2 rooms deep.
● Yuan Dynasty-Qing Dynasty
In the fourth year from Yuan Shizu to Yuan Dynasty (1267), the buildings in Tang Shuyu Temple were rebuilt and the boundaries around Jinci Temple were demarcated. Yi Yin wrote "Rebuilding Fendong Wangmiao".
In the second year of Emperor Qing of Yuan Renzong (1313), Buddhist monk Hongzhi rebuilt Fengsheng Temple.
In the first year of the reign of Emperor Zhihe in Yuan Dynasty (1328), the Miao Church was rebuilt.
in the first year of Yuan Shundi Zhizheng (1341), Sicheng Wang was appointed as the Shanxi Road of Hedong (Xuanweisi) and renovated the Jinci Temple. The following year, Taiyuan earthquake spread to Jinci, which was to rebuild Notre Dame Hall. In the third year (1343), the stone carving "Confucius Step by Step" was placed in Tsinghua Hall.
In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Yuhua Temple was rebuilt with three main halls and three left and right side halls. In the second year (1369), the Notre Dame was named "the Notre Dame of Guang Hui Xian Ling Zhao Ji". In 137, Xianweng Pavilion, also known as Hongge Pavilion, was founded.
In the 1th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1412), the monk Yuanjue Zen Master came to worship the holy temple, built an additional guanyin temple and cast the left bell of Notre Dame Hall. In the 14th year (1416), Shengsi Temple was built, with three main halls and three east and west halls. In the twenty-first year (1423), the iron head in the northwest corner of Lotus Terrace was recast.
Tomorrow, in the first year of Shun (1457), a big bell will be cast on the right side of Notre Dame Hall. In five years (1461), the governor of Shanxi, Mao Biao, repaired Jinci and carved "Rebuilding Jinci Inscription".
in the twenty-third year of Chenghua in Ming dynasty (1487), the monument of Imperial Sacrifice was set up in Notre Dame Hall.
In the sixth year of Ming Zhengde (1511), the Miao Church was rebuilt. In the eighth year (1513), gaskin, an iron man in the northwest corner, was rebuilt. In fifteen years (152), the clock of Haotian Temple was cast.
In Jiajing of Ming Dynasty, the White Crane Pavilion was built. In the eleventh year (1532), Wang Chaoli founded Jinxi Academy in the southeast corner of Jinci Temple. In the twenty-seventh year (1548), a reading desk was built, and Wangchuan Pavilion, Tang Shuyu Temple, Shanli Pavilion and Difficult Old Pavilion were built. From forty to forty-one years (1561-1562), the Palace of Notre Dame and the Flying Beams of the Fishbridge were built in Ninghua Palace. In forty-two years (1563), the Jellyfish House was founded.
In the first year of Qin Long in Ming Dynasty (1567), Gao Ruxing wrote The Record of Rebuilding Jinci Temple and rebuilt Dongyue Temple.
During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573 -162), Duiyue Square and Bell and Drum Tower were built before the dedication of the temple. Then in the east of Huixian Bridge, a magnificent water mirror platform was rebuilt for acting.
in the first year of Kangxi in Qing dynasty (1662), Wangchuan Pavilion was rebuilt. In the twenty-five years (1686), Zhou Zaijun, a magistrate of Taiyuan, rebuilt the Tang Shuyu Temple and wrote an article about it. In the thirty-eighth year (1699), Lv Zuge was built. In forty-eight years (179), Tang Shuyu Temple was rebuilt. In fifty-seven years (1718), Fengsheng Temple was renovated and Daifeng Xuan was founded.
in the eighth year of Yongzheng in Qing dynasty (173), Gao rebuilt the Tai Gui Temple.
in the first year of Qing Qianlong (1736), Juntian Music Station was built. In the second year (1737), three shrines and Tongle Pavilion were rebuilt. In the 12th year of Qianlong (1747) or 16th year of Qianlong (1751), the relic health tower was rebuilt. In the sixteenth year (1751), Hanlin Yang Er You Zhishi returned to Jinci and devoted himself to the restoration of Jinci. Twenty-five years (176), rebuilt the Gongbo Ancestral Temple. In thirty-six years (1771), Shanxi Governor Zhu Gui and Taiyuan ordered Zhou Kuan to rebuild the Tang Shuyu Temple. In the thirty-eighth year (1773), Wenchang Palace, Seven Sages Temple in Jinshui and Lock Hongqiao were expanded. In the thirty-ninth year (1774), the fishpond flying beam was built. In forty-three years (1778), the White Crane Pavilion was built. Fifty years (1785), Chaoyang Cave and reading platform were built. In sixty years (1795), Haotian Temple was expanded and the reading desk was rebuilt.
in the sixth year of Jiaqing in Qing dynasty (181), the Jade Emperor Pavilion and Sanqing Cave were built, and the Guandi Temple was completed. In the 14th year (189), the Jinci Temple was completely renovated, including Lianchi, Shuixie, Feiliang, Taigui Temple, Gongbo Sub-Temple and Sansheng Temple. In the twenty-third year (1818), Yuhua Temple was built.
In the fifth year of Daoguang reign (1825), Dongyue Temple was rebuilt. In twenty-four years (1844), some buildings in Jinci were repaired.
in the fifth year of Xianfeng reign (1855), Tsinghua Hall was rebuilt.
In the second year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1863), Fengsheng Temple was rebuilt.
in the first year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty (1875), Aisin-Gioro Zaitian, the emperor of Qing dynasty, wrote the inscription "The Legacy of Three Jin Dynasties". In the twenty-eighth year (192), Liu Dapeng, a native of Yi, finished the manuscript of Jinci Annals. In thirty years (194), he built Jinci to wait for Fengxuan.
in the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), ear-washing and real fun pavilions were built. In the fifteenth year (1926), the iron head of the southeast corner of the Jinci Golden Hall was rebuilt. In the 16th year (1927), Rong Hongfang built Taoran Village Villa (rong family Garden). In the nineteenth year (193), the stone boat was built "not a boat".
●1949-present
In p>1954, Zhi Bo Canal was built and Lock Hongqiao was rebuilt.
In p>196, the Wangchuan Pavilion was rebuilt, the Miaoyi Hall was rebuilt and Wenchang Palace was expanded.
In p>1964, the Jinci Gate and Wangchuan Pavilion were newly built, and the Lubao River and Santai Pavilion were renovated. In the same year, Tongle Pavilion was demolished and Shanxi painting and calligraphy rooms were rebuilt.
in p>1965, the old and difficult spring weir was expanded, and the Nanhu hall and boat wharf of Jinci Park were built.
In p>1975, Wenchang Palace was completely renovated. In 1977, the provincial cadre sanatorium returned 12 houses at the site of Fengsheng Temple.
In p>1978, the Jinci Temple was completely renovated, with 47,845 square meters of land leveled, and 22 households moved out of the cultural relics area. A hexagonal pavilion was built in Nanshan of Wang Qiong Temple, Zhi Bo Canal was renovated, and the spring canal was rebuilt, and Guandi Temple, Tang Shu Temple, Santai Pavilion and Jinxi Academy were repaired.
in p>198, the newly moved building was rebuilt in the original site of Fengsheng Temple.
In p>198—1981, the tomb of Lou Rui, the king of Dongan in the Northern Qi Dynasty, dating back to 14 years, was excavated near Wangguo Village in Jinci, and nearly 2 square meters of murals were preserved in the tomb, which is the earliest historical treasure with high artistic value for China.
in p>1981, the Tang stele pavilion was expanded. In the same year, major buildings such as Yuhua Temple, Laojun Cave, Ruiyun Pavilion and Taoran Village Villa were maintained. Renovation of Yinmaquan Scenic Spot in Jinci Park, and construction of Yujing Pavilion, Lotus Champs, Promenade and Memorial archway were all completed in 1989.
In p>1991, Dong Shouping Museum of Fine Arts was opened in jinci museum. Carve eight scenic monuments inside and outside the Jinci Temple, and build a stele gallery. Restore Jinxi Academy. Wang Ziqiao Temple, the ancestor of Wang in Taiyuan, was built. [2]?
cultural relics
Notre Dame Hall
The most famous building in Jinci is Notre Dame Hall, which was founded in the Tiansheng period of the Song Dynasty (123-132). The virgin Mary is said to be the mother of uncle Yu. Notre Dame Hall, formerly known as "Girls' Temple", is spacious and spacious, with 41 beautifully painted maid statues in the Song Dynasty and 2 sculptures in the Ming Dynasty.
The dedication hall of Notre Dame in Jinci Temple was built in the eighth year of Jin Dading (168), with three rooms in width and three rooms in depth, one eaves resting on the top of the mountain, four rafters with two columns for eaves, doors in the front and back, and thick sill walls and forks in the rest, which are particularly transparent and spacious. Cross-shaped flying beams are placed in the Notre Dame Hall and the Fish Pond in the Temple of Sacrifice, which has the function of four links. The woodcarving dragon on the front porch of Notre Dame Hall is reflected in the pond and clear water. The offering hall is the place where gifts are held and sacrifices are displayed. It is an open or semi-open space with good permeability.
The Sleeping Hall is a sacred place to worship the gods and ancestors in the temple. It is located at the back of the main axis. Because of the ancient people's concept of death as life, it was built in the form of sleeping in front of the temple. The Temple of Notre Dame rests on the top of the mountain with double eaves. The plane is seven rooms wide, six rooms deep, five rooms in the hall, two rooms in the front porch, no columns in the hall, a built-in shrine, a Chinese statue of the Virgin, and 42 attendants around. Only the front is provided with straight lattice windows and colonnade.
the fishpond flying beam
The fishpond flying beam was built in the Song Dynasty, and it is in the shape of a cross bridge, like a Dapeng spreading its wings, between the Notre Dame Hall and the Xiandian Hall, with elegant and elegant shape and unique shape. [4]?
Golden Terrace
Water Terrace
Golden Terrace * * * has four iron statues, which are called "Golden Terrace" because iron belongs to hardware. The iron man in the southwest corner was cast in the fourth year of Shaosheng in the Northern Song Dynasty (197), with a history of more than 8 years, and is well preserved. It is said that the Iron Man couldn't stand the heat in summer and went to the Fenhe River to cross it. Seeing a boat, the iron man asked the boatman to take him across the river. The boatman revealed the true nature of the iron man and carried it back to the Golden Man Platform. The virgin ordered her generals to chop the iron man's toes three times, indicating the punishment for disobeying the precepts. There are still marks on my feet that have been cut three times. [5]?
Tang stele pavilion
Tang stele pavilion is the "Zhenguan Baohan" pavilion, and the inscription of Jinci Temple is inscribed in Zhenguan Baohan Pavilion in Jinci Temple. In the pavilion, Li Shimin's handwritten inscription "The Inscription of Jinci" is displayed. The whole monument is more than 12 Yu, the calligraphy is cursive, the brushwork is unique and subtle, and it is a treasure of calligraphy art. [6]?
Jellyfish House
Above the Nan Lao Quan Pavilion, there is a Jellyfish House, commonly known as the Dressing House, or Crystal Palace. The jellyfish in the building are like copper and gold, sitting on the urn, with unfinished hair and self-possession. According to legend, jellyfish surnamed Liu lives in Jinsheng Village near Jinci. However, after her marriage, she was abused by her mother-in-law and went to fetch water from afar every day. The water picked up only needs the front bucket and the bottom of the bucket is made into a sharp bottom, so that Liu Nv can't rest. The rider gave Liu a golden whip and told her to put it in the urn, and the urn would be full of water. This secret was discovered by Liu Nv's sister-in-law. When Liu Nv went back to her mother's house, she lifted her whip from the urn, and suddenly the water gushed out and the village was about to be flooded. Liu Nv heard the news and sat on the urn to save people. The jellyfish never left the urn. [6]?
it is known as the sacred temple
according to legend, it was once the villa of Wei Chijingde, a general of the Tang Dynasty. There is a stupa in Fengsheng Temple, which is 38 meters high and has seven octagons. Near Fengsheng Temple, there is a giant locust tree. According to legend, this pagoda tree has a long history, and it has already dried up. I don't know how many years have passed. It was on March 21 of the 21 ST year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1756) that it met in Fengsheng Temple. There is an old Taoist selling plasters under the withered locust tree. But nobody bought his medicine. The old man continued to peddle: "If you come to buy such a fairy medicine, no one will be blessed, and the withered tree will be suitable for life." After that, he put the plaster on Kuhuai and walked away. In less than a month, this dead Sophora japonica rose from the dead, and people called it Resurrection Sophora japonica. [6]?
The three wonders of Jinci
One is Zhou Bai and Tang Huai. Zhou Bai and Tang Huai, both of them are representatives of thousands of years old trees in Jinci. Zhou Bai is a cypress planted in the Zhou Dynasty, which is still lush and lush. It is located on the north side of Notre Dame Hall. Originally, there were two cypresses named Qi Nian, and now only this one is left. It has been more than 28 years since, and the trunk is thick, and it takes several people to get through. Tang Huai was a pagoda tree planted in the Tang Dynasty, located in front of the water mirror, and it was the most flourishing one. Every spring and summer, the trees are shaded.
Second, the colored sculptures of the Song Dynasty in the Notre Dame Hall. Forty-three colored sculptures are enshrined in the temple. The main statue is the virgin ginger, and the other 42 statues are eunuchs, female officials and maids. The embroidered robe of the virgin phoenix crown sits on the phoenix head chair. All the maids are holding things to serve, which is a masterpiece in the history of China sculpture.
the last of the three wonders is the old fountain. Commonly known as the "South Sea Eye", it comes from fault rocks and gushes water all the year round. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, it was according to Lu Song of the Book of Songs.