Aperitif: Any wine that can stimulate appetite can be called aperitif or aperitif.

Features: It can stimulate appetite, nourish, strengthen and strengthen the stomach.

1. absinthe 16%- 18%

It is made by taking wine as the base wine and adding plants and medicinal materials such as wormwood, gentian, angelica dahurica, Zi Yuan, cinnamon, cardamom and fresh orange peel. The most famous is the delicious food in France and Italy.

Absinthe can be divided into dry type, semi-dry type and sweet type according to sugar content, and red and white according to color. Dry absinthe is usually colorless, transparent or light yellow, sweet absinthe is red or rose red, and the sugar content of sweet absinthe is 12%- 16%, so it has a better reputation than dry absinthe.

1. Italian vermouth

Italian wine law-stipulates that absinthe must use more than 75% dry white wine as raw material, and the original wine must not have obvious aroma. There are as many as thirty or forty kinds of aromatic plants used, but absinthe is the main one, so the finished wine has a special aroma and is slightly bitter, so it is also called absinthe.

(1) Martini is produced by Italian Martini Winery. This factory is the largest absinthe enterprise in the world, located in Turin, northern Italy, with the registered trademark of MAR-TINI, and its product quality is better than 70% of the absinthe market, so people usually call it "Martin" for short.

There are three main types of martinis:

Answer: Dry-18%, colorless and transparent. Because lemon peel and fresh cranberries were added in the distillation process, the wine was full of fragrance.

B: bianco- 16%, light yellow, containing vanillin and other flavor components.

C: Sweet-16%, bright red in color, with obvious medicinal aroma of Angelica sinensis, including herbal flavor and caramel flavor.

(2) Xianshan Road (CINZANO)

Like martini, it has a certain bitterness and can be divided into dry type, semi-dry type and sweet type.

(3) Gancia

Gancia is located in Piedmont, Italy.

Cognac vermouth ROSSO 750ML is deep red in color and sweet in taste.

750ml of dry absinthe is packaged as unsweetened product.

(4) Ricardona

Ottavio Ricardo is located in Piedmont.

Riccadonna Rosso 750ml bottle is a sweet product.

Riccardona extradry 750ml bottle is a refreshing and not sweet product.

(5) Capano

Alcohol: 15%- 18% sugar content: sweet 180g/L, dry 20g/L, total acid 5.5-6.5g/l.

Production technology-Blending aromatic plants and other raw materials with the original wine, freezing at-10 for more than 10 days, filtering with a frog algae soil filter, storing for 4-5 months, and bottling.

2. French absinthe

According to the wine law, French absinthe must use 80% white wine as raw material. The aromatic plants used. It is also mainly absinthe. The sugar content of the finished wine is low, about 40g/L, which is straw yellow, with old wine aroma, elegant taste, obvious bitterness and great irritation.

(1) chambery

Ets Chambery Comoz is located in France.

SWEET CHAMBERY is a red absinthe with strong aroma and slightly higher alcohol content of 18%.

The extra SEC CHAMBERY is white absinthe.

(2) Duval (CUVAL)

Production technology: Chop the plant spices, soak them in the original wine for 5-6 days, let them stand for 14 days, add the soaking liquid of bitter almond shell (prepared by soaking them in 85% edible alcohol at 1: 2 for two months), and blend with brandy.

(3) Noily Pratt

3. The main production methods of Aestheticism

(! ) after being made into aromatic plant exudate, it is mixed with wine base according to a certain proportion. Cold invasion or hot invasion can be used to prepare invasion liquid.

(2) Aromatic plants are directly soaked in the original wine.

(3) Aromatic plants and grape juice are fermented together.

2. Bitter)16%-45%-45%

Also known as bitter wine, Beats. It evolved from ancient medicinal liquor and has the functions of nourishing, helping digestion and exciting.

This wine is based on wine or some distilled liquor or edible alcohol, and is made by adding aromatic plants and medicinal materials. Its alcohol content is 18%-49%, and it has a certain bitterness and medicinal taste. Because the medicinal materials used are mainly bitter medicinal materials and roots and epidermis of plants, such as alpine grass, gentian bark, bitter orange peel, lemon peel and so on.

The world-famous bitter wine is produced in Italy, France, Trinidad, the Netherlands, Britain, Germany, the United States and Hungary. Famous brand products are as follows:

(1) Kimbali

Produced in Milan, Italy, it is one of the most famous bitter wines. Its ingredients are herbs such as orange peel, and its bitterness mainly comes from cinchona cream. The alcohol content is 23%, the color is bright red, the medicinal fragrance is rich, and the taste is slightly bitter and delicious.

It can be drunk with lemon peel and soda water, or mixed with Italian vermouth.

(2) Dupont

Also translated as Dubao or Dubao milk. This wine is produced in Paris, France. Made of white wine, cinchona bark and other herbs, put in oak barrels. Alcohol 16%, usually dark red, with obvious medicinal fragrance, bitter and sweet, and unique style. There are two kinds of red and white, with red being the most famous. Dubner is also produced in America.

(3) Piaoxian 1 (PIMMS 1)

Refreshing, slightly sweet, suitable for making some fresh drinks, 25% alcohol, produced in England, made of gin and flavored powder.

(4) refreshing wine/beer

Produced in Germany, the alcohol content of 44% is dark red, which has the effect of hangover. It is a kind of spirit made of more than 40 kinds of herbs and spices, and it can sell 6.5438+0.0000 bottles every day in Germany. It is usually packed in a 20 ml vial.

(5) Angosse Terra/Angosse Dura/Angostura

Produced in Tellini, Central America, the alcohol content is 44.7% reddish brown. It has a pleasant medicinal smell, slightly bitter and comfortable, and is very popular with drinkers in Latin America. Generally, it is a small package of 65,438+0.40 ml, which is a special bitter wine and is often used to mix wine. But it is irritating and slightly toxic, and drinking too much will be harmful to the body. The wine is made of aged rum as the base wine and gentian as the main raw material.

(6) Bitterness

25% 700ml French wine has good aroma, but bitter taste, and the wine is dark brown. It is made of distilled liquor, quinine peel and other herbs.

(7) Sinatra/Jerusalem artichoke wine

It's made in Italy. The alcohol content is 16.5%. This wine is made from juice extracted from thistle and various herbs. It has a strong thistle flavor and is slightly bitter. Used as an aperitif after cooling.

Being Fahrne Blanca/Fahrne Blanca.

Produced in Milan, Italy, this wine is the most famous bitter wine in Italy. When the alcohol content is 40-45%, it tastes bitter, so it is called "the king of bitter wine", which has the effect of sobering up and strengthening the stomach, and can also be used to mix wine. It consists of various plants and roots.

(9) Amar Picken/Bit Picken (Amar Picken)

Produced in France, Amar means "Beater" in English, which means bitter. The alcohol content is 2 1%, and the bitterness is outstanding. This wine is like syrup, so just take a small amount and mix it with other drinks. (Diluted with water or soda water, you can drink it). This wine is made by soaking Cinchona cream, orange peel and the bark of dragon's gall root in distilled liquor, which is sweet and bitter. In Europe, it is popular to hold wine in a cup made of wild bitter wood, which is called "Gaishe" in South America, which makes this wine unique.

(10) Susie/Suez (Susie)

Produced in France, the alcohol content 16%, sugar content 16%, 750ml, orange, sweet and slightly bitter. Its composition is the root block of Gentiana scabra, which has been growing as a spice in the volcanic zone of central France for 20 years.

(1 1) China martini.

Produced in Italian martini company, 3 1%, sugar 39%, 700ml, with Guina bark and bitter orange peel as the main spices, bitter and soft, light yellow.

( 12) APEROL

1 1% 750ml, produced in Italy, is made by soaking quinine and gentian herb in distilled liquor and filtering. Because of its low alcohol content, it can be directly used as an aperitif.

3. Fennel) 40%-45%-45%

Anise wine is actually made from fennel oil, distilled liquor or edible alcohol, and fennel oil contains more absinthe. Fennel oil can be dissolved in 45% alcohol. Fennel oil is usually extracted from fennel or fennel. Fennel oil is mostly used to prepare aperitif and fennel oil is mostly used to prepare liqueur. Fennel oil has been banned several times in some countries because it contains absinthe. At present, the world-famous fennel wine contains or does not contain absinthe.

Anise wine is the most famous in France. Colorless dyeing, the color varies with varieties. Generally, it has bright luster, strong fennel flavor, strong taste and strong irritation.

Raw materials-distilled liquor or edible alcohol as base liquor, and anise, angelica dahurica, bitter almond, lemon peel and coriander are added.

(! )Panno/PERNOD

Made in France, with an alcohol content of 40%. The sugar content is 10%. Using fennel and other 15 kinds of medicinal materials. It is light blue, translucent and has a strong fennel flavor. When drinking, it is milky white of ice and water.

Wine has a strong herbal flavor, which is fragrant, sweet and attractive, and can be used as an excellent cooking seasoning. It is said that in the middle of18th century, a French doctor named Dr.Ordinaire brewed a delicious after-dinner wine in Switzerland with brandy, absinthe, mint, Dutch root, fennel and cinnamon, which was deeply loved by people. 1797, he sold the recipe to another Frenchman named Pernod, who used his own name as wine. 1884, the French war department used this wine as an antipyretic for the army expedition, but unfortunately some poisoning accidents occurred, so the military banned yo functional wine, but people had a special liking for it.

(2) Buster 5 1/ Buster 5 1 (Pastis 5 1)

For dyeing, licorice oil was added during blending to make the finished wine taste more supple.

3) ricard/ricard

For dyeing, this is the world's No.1 fennel wine and the third-best selling liquor in the world, with an annual sales volume of more than 7 million cases and an alcohol content of 45%.

④ The white shepherd (BERGER BLANC) is white.

(5) Pasta

An aperitif with fennel flavor, which is milky white after adding water.

(6) Coastal fog

Made in Germany, 25%, 500ml, domestic star anise.

Fourth, other famous aperitifs.

(! ) Pierre (BYRRH)

As an aperitif with French patent, its alcohol content is 18%, and its aroma is soft and lingering.

(2) PUNT E MES

It is a black aperitif, produced in Italy, and has a spicy and bitter taste.

(3) Bunakamp

Dutch bitter wine is suitable for drinking before meals.

(4) Raphael France (5) Bayer France.

(6) Kiel (Kiel) France (7) CIN (Italy)

(8) American Italy (9) OUZO Greece

(10) Giorgio Bardero e Figli S.P.A., located in Piedmont, Italy, was founded in 198 1. In the wine brewed from Trebbi Yanuo grape, herbs and spices were added to make authentic absinthe.

Barbero dry 1L loaded with Barbero classic Rosso 1L loaded.

(1 1) Piedmont, Italy.

Filippetti rosso1l bottle, sweet.

Filipetti dry 1L bottle, refreshing but not sweet.

(12) Egbert is located in France.

Absinthe 1L, a mild French absinthe, contains Huining peel, and it will have a better style if you add some lemon flavor.

Doreen & Cambridge International Examination Committee

Chambery zette aperitif alafraise 750ml bottle

(14) Krone Gloria Ray

Maracuja is bottled in 750 ml, which is made of black currant liqueur produced by Didier in France and white wine with slight bubbles.

(15) lejay Lagoute

Kir is made from white wine and blackcurrant wine, with a soft and fragrant taste.

Kiel is super light, sweet and slightly frothy.

( 16)Lillet Freres

Lillet 750ml bottle is made of sweet white wine, herbs and fruits. It would be more delicious if you mixed some soda water with it.

(17) West Shel House

Kri Gallique 750ml bottle, an aperitif made of white wine and milk blackcurrant, is very suitable for banquets. If soda water or ice cubes are added, it will have a special taste.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) drinking method

Pure drinks, iced drinks, mixed soda water, fruit juice, mixed wine.

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Introduction of base wine

By Morpheus

Distillation: six base wines

Brewing: beer and wine (red wine and white wine)

Breeding: all kinds of sweet wine

Vodka has a history of hundreds of years. It is distilled liquor brewed by Slavs, which can be described as the national wine of the Soviet Union. Its etymology is like whisky and brandy, both of which come from "water". Vodka means water in Russian. So far, the Soviets have given it a nickname, water of life, lovely water.

Vodka is neutral and is an ideal base wine for cocktails. Therefore, like gin, it has been widely used in many cocktails recently, from cocktails with alcohol concentration above 90% to light vodka controlled at around 35%. No matter what kind of vodka is used as the base wine, it can be easily matched with other materials and mixed with fruit juice, carbonated drinks and so on. Can produce excellent flavor. But vodka, whether drunk directly or as the base wine of cocktails, must be completely cold. If bottled vodka is placed directly in the refrigerator at-18 degrees, the colder it is, the more special the sweetness of vodka will be.

As long as tequila is mentioned, most people will think of a picture-an unbearable hot sun overhead, a steaming straw hat on the ground, and of course, a registered trademark of a bug lying in a bottle.

Tequila has been loved by the world in recent years. At first, it was only consumed in Mexico and was the main local drink. Because of the vibration caused by the "Margaret" cocktail based on tequila, it became famous at one fell swoop. Tequila has changed from a local distilled liquor in Mexico to a popular drink in the world.

/kloc-in the middle of the 0/7th century, Dr. Silves, a medical professor at Leiden University in the Netherlands, invented gin. After the death of the professor, William III became king of England on 1680 based on the wishes of the British people. Soon, he succeeded in raising the tax on imported wine and curbing the import volume, making gin very popular in China. Because ordinary people can enjoy this cheap and delicious wine, it is named Royal Poverty (the king's wine we can enjoy) and has been greatly utilized. At the beginning, some knowledgeable drinkers in Britain designed a way to sip gin and bitter wine, which greatly alleviated the harm of wine. This is the origin of cocktails based on gin. Compared with beer, gin has long been regarded as an intoxicating wine. All kinds of cocktails are ready. There are countless famous cocktails made of gin. As we all know, before using gin as the base wine, it is best to have a full understanding of it and choose it according to personal preference.

Mutton is a wine brewed in sugar-producing countries. Due to different fermentation methods, the mutton made is very different. Moreover, each producing area has its own unique production method, and it is difficult to generalize. The industry that uses rum the most in the world is fruit manufacturing. Rum is an indispensable ingredient in desserts containing eggs, cream, milk or whipped cream.

In World War II, the United States dominated, and rum became a popular drink and was widely favored. At that time, crossing the Atlantic from Europe to transport wine to the United States was often limited by ship shortage and maritime threats, so they chose to drink rum from the nearest West Indies to the United States. Later, the cocktail formula based on rum developed several times before the war.

Rum can be roughly divided into the following three types: strong liquor with deep color, colorless liquor with high transparency and neutral liquor with middle tone. All three can be selected as the base wine for cocktails according to personal preference.

Mutton wine can be mixed with fruit juice or soda water to make a unique flavor. In addition, it is also very suitable as a hot drink. Mutton wine is easily absorbed by human body and has good heating effect. When you are eager to warm up as soon as possible, the best choice is mutton wine. Lamb wine has two extreme personalities: one is white, soft in taste and 35% alcohol, which is mainly used to prepare substitute wine and other modern cocktails with similar properties; The other is dark, with a strong taste, and the alcohol content can reach 65 degrees. In recent years, white rum is particularly popular, mainly because its light taste is easy to mix with other materials, which is very suitable for young people to drink.

After fruit is fermented to make wine, the distilled wine obtained by pre-distillation is always called brandy. It's just brandy, which means the raw material is grapes. However, if other fruits are used as raw materials like cherry brandy, the fruit name should be added before brandy. There are many examples of adding place names like Calva. Countries that grow grapes and produce wine will naturally brew brandy. Brandy and whisky have strong personalities, but their grades are far above whisky. Of course, it is necessary to use grades according to personal needs, but according to common sense, when Connie is specified in the formula, three stars are often used as the standard. In France, brandy is considered a good wine. Therefore, by studying suitable fruit or fruit liqueur, a cocktail with unique flavor will be obtained, and the utilization value of brandy will be more extensive.

There are many kinds of whisky, which compete with each other in the market. Each is divided into three grades: advanced, intermediate and ordinary. Therefore, when preparing cocktails, we should choose the appropriate types and grades according to the required formula and site conditions. Each whisky has its own distinct personality. Whiskey lovers like its personality. Therefore, choosing the base wine for cocktails is more advanced than choosing gin or vodka. Unless the drinker requests it, it will be regarded as ignorance to rashly use scotch whisky as the base wine. Therefore, you should consider your favorite wine. For example, in a bar in new york, when ordering a whisky-based mixed drink, the bartender usually advises the drinker to use bourbon or Canadian whisky, and the bartender will never use Scotch whisky unless specifically requested. As far as taste is concerned, Scotch whisky has a pungent malt flavor, Canadian whisky has a deep charm of green earth, and bourbon whisky has a strong male character.

red wine

Red wine is made from black-skinned grapes. After crushing the fruit and removing stems, the juice, together with the peel and stone, is put into a brewing tank for fermentation. It takes about seven to ten days. In this state commonly known as "soaking", alcohol is produced at the same time, the red pigment in the peel also dyes the juice red, and the astringent tannic acid in the stone also dissolves into the juice. After the first fermentation, it is squeezed again. Then the second fermentation called MLF biochemical fermentation is carried out. This fermentation makes the acid with strong acidity be converted into mild lactic acid by microorganisms. Fermented twice, deslagging, aged in a barrel, aged for one year or at most two years, filtered and bottled.

Chinese hard liquor

Wine made from light-colored grape skins. The juice squeezed from the crushed stalks is fermented according to the required sweetness and astringency, and stopped as soon as it is suitable. Because of its acidity, liquor does not need secondary biochemical fermentation, but its fermentation cycle is correspondingly prolonged. It will last for 10 to 30 days, and the temperature will remain at 10 to 20 degrees Celsius. When finished, it will be put into a barrel, filtered, aged and bottled.

Pink wine (rose wine)

Some people call it rose wine. There are several different brewing methods for this wine. Some are made of red wine, but the fermentation time is reduced or even secondary fermentation is not needed. Some of them are easy to handle, and they are made by mixing red and white wine. Therefore, different peach wines have completely different flavors.

Sweet wine:

The liqueur starts at 1 137. In order to reconcile the sour taste in wine, honey, vanilla, fennel and other materials are mixed together and then filtered in wool bags. This is the earliest method of brewing sweet wine. 13 14 years, Spanish scholars improved the production method and added the flavors of lemon, orange blossom and spice.

/kloc-In Italy in the 6th century, it was found that distilled liquor was diluted and added with cinnamon, fennel seeds, musk, sugar and other ingredients to make a sweet wine with a new taste. After it was introduced to France, the princesses (Kadoorie and Medici) at that time made the liqueur in France more advanced, even surpassing Italy. /kloc-after the 0/8th century, due to the progress of science, the trend of seeking medicinal value gradually declined.

According to the raw materials, sweet wine is simply classified as follows:

○ Citrus-mandarin cinnamon wine is the most common, which is mixed with dried orange peel, cinnamon, clove and sugar. Its famous wines include Cointreau, Grand Marnier and other brands.

○ Fruit —— Taking fruit as the name of wine, the variety is quite obvious. For example, cherry brandy is based on brandy, soaked with cherry, and added with clove, cinnamon and sugar. The alcohol content is between 24 and 22 degrees, and the sugar content is between 22 and 20 degrees. Famous brands include peach brandy, pear wine, Boyle liqueur and blackberry wine.

○ Cream-This sweet wine, with an alcohol content of 22-32 degrees and a sugar content of 40 -50 degrees, tastes like cream, so people call it cream wine. Well-known brands include cocoa liqueur, mint liqueur, Italian almond wine and Bailey wine.

○ Seeds-Cinnamon and plant seeds are the main raw materials. It is made by adding cinnamon, lemon peel, sugar and other spices to distilled liquor, and then refining it through distillation procedures.

○ Vanilla-Besides the ingredients extracted from various herbs or herbs, it also has the functions of invigorating the stomach and helping digestion, so vanilla wine is regarded as a high-grade sweet wine. One of the most famous brands is galliano.

○ Honey-The manufacturing history of mead is second only to beer and wine. Modern mead is made of honey, distilled liquor, spices and herbs. Its famous brands are Drambuie, Irish Mist, Lochan Ora and so on.

○ Pre-meal wine-wine to be drunk before meals to stimulate appetite. It can not only stimulate appetite, but also has the functions of maintaining, invigorating stomach and nourishing. A well-known brand is Weimeisi, which is based on wine and blended with more than 20 kinds of plant herbs such as wormwood and distilled liquor. The alcohol content is between 17 -20 degrees.

○ Other: All that cannot be classified are classified as other Luo, such as eggnog.

I hope it helps you.