Siji Potato is a geographical indication certification trademark. Xiji potatoes are agricultural products with geographical indications.
Specific quality
Xiji potatoes are produced in the center of the Loess Plateau at the western foot of Liupan Mountain, where industry is underdeveloped and the environment is natural. Due to the special climate and soil environment, potatoes are large, thin-skinned, tender and of high quality.
Cultural Allusions
In 2003, Xiji was included in Ningxia’s top ten high-quality pollution-free agricultural product bases; in February 2004, Xiji County was named the “Hometown of Potatoes in China” ".
In recent years, Xiji County has focused on the development of "small potatoes" as a major industrial owner to adjust the agricultural structure and increase farmers' income. With a special investment of more than 12 million yuan, the "Xiji County Potato Virus-Free Breeding Base" and the "Ningxia Potato Science and Technology Service Center" were established to solve the problems of seed potato degradation, viruses, and low yields that have long plagued the development of the potato industry. Promote high-quality, high-yielding new varieties. It also continues to expand the market space for potato development, and actively develops vegetable potato cultivation in Xinying, Tianping, Majian and other towns; Xinglong, Jiangtai, Malian and other towns are cultivating and introducing potato processing projects and new technologies in various forms. , new technology, and effective extension of the income-increasing industrial chain through deep processing.
At the same time, the Xiji County Party Committee and the government saw a way out of potato cultivation and made the potato industry stronger and stronger through hard work. This year, the county has guided farmers to focus on developing potato standardization and mechanized planting. It has established 3 potato soil testing and formula fertilization test areas, 7 soil testing and formula fertilization core demonstration areas, and 6 potato standardized cultivation technology promotion demonstration sites with an area of ??more than 3,000 acres. There are 2 pilot seeding machine harvesting demonstration sites covering an area of ??1,000 acres. The hard work succeeded in one fell swoop, and a large potato harvest was achieved. Huang Shengrong, a major farmer in Wanya Village, Jiqiang Town, who is a beneficiary of mechanized planting, told the author that he has used machines to plant 30 acres of potatoes this year, and has dug more than 10 acres so far. The average yield per mu is more than 1,500 kilograms. Businessmen from Guangdong and Jiangsu are on the ground. Waiting for the purchase, the highest price per pound is 60 cents, and 30 acres of potatoes can be sold for more than 30,000 yuan without any problem. According to Yang Junwei, director of the Xiji County Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, mechanized potato planting, reasonable plowing depth, even plant spacing, pesticide-mixed seeds, moisturizing and drought resistance, and scientific field management, the yield will definitely be high. Machine-based potato harvesting is also a good strategy that Xiji County will focus on in the future.
It is understood that this year, Xiji County is striving to become the “No. 1 potato planting county in China” and has introduced ten agricultural-friendly policies to “support” the potato industry, making a big push into the potato industry. And actively encourage farmers to plant and develop potatoes on a large scale by rewarding "big growers", "big exporters", "potato kings" and "high yield records". Having tasted the benefits, Xiji potato farmers have increased the potato planting area by 250,000 acres, bringing the county's potato planting to 1.25 million acres. The total output is expected to reach more than 1.25 million tons, and the per capita potato income of farmers will reach more than 800 yuan. This enabled Xiji farmers to "make a lot of money" in the year of severe drought.
Regional Scope
Xiji County is located in the southern mountainous area of ??Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, at the western foot of Liupan Mountain, at the southern edge of the arid zone in central Ningxia, at 105°20′-06°04′ east longitude , between 35°35′-36°14′ north latitude. The county governs 19 townships (towns) and 306 administrative villages, with a total population of 469,000 and an agricultural population of 436,000. The Hui population accounts for 52.7% of the total population. The total land area is 3,144 square kilometers and the cultivated land area is 3.2 million acres. The terrain is low in the south and gradually increases in the north, east and west, with an altitude of 1688-2633 meters. The geographical indications of agricultural products are defined as 96 administrative villages in 5 towns within Xiji County: Jiqiang Town, Huoshizhai Township, Xinying Township, Subao Township and Piancheng Township, with a total production area of ??20,000 hectares and a total output of 450,000 tons.
Natural ecological environment and humanistic and historical factors
(1) Soil and landform conditions: The county’s landforms mainly include three types: earth-rock mountains, loess hills, and river valleys. The proportions are as follows: loess hills account for 83.5% of the total area of ??the county, river valleys and river areas account for 6.1% of the total area of ??the county, and rocky mountainous areas account for 10.4% of the total area of ??the county. The soil types in Xiji County are loess soil and black loam soil. Mainly, black soil accounts for 87.75% of the total soil area, with deep soil layer, good soil structure, loose soil, good air permeability, pH value between 6.1-7.0, organic matter content 1.5, hydrolyzable nitrogen 40-60ppm, available phosphorus 14 -30ppm, available potassium is above 150ppm, that is, the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus is medium, the available potassium is rich, the soil texture is loose, the permeability is good, the cultivated layer is deep, and the nutrient content is high.
(2) Hydrological conditions: There are three river systems: Hulu River, Qingshui River, and Zuli River, but the annual flow rate is very small, and they often dry up in winter and spring. The northeastern part belongs to the Qingshui River system, and most of the remaining areas belong to the Hulu River system.
(3) Climate conditions: The climate in the territory is mild, with less rainfall, sufficient sunlight, short frost-free period, and large precipitation and temperature variability. The temperature rises quickly in spring, and is dry and windy, with great changes in temperature and temperature, often with late spring cold; summer is short and the temperature is moderate; autumn has more rainfall, cooling is fast, and frost occurs early; winter is long, cold and dry. The annual average temperature is 5.3℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 33.9℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is -27.1℃; the average frost-free period is 144 days. The annual sunshine hours are 2034.3 hours; the annual evaporation is 1297.7 mm, and the average annual precipitation is 350-500 mm. Natural disasters such as drought, hail, and frost are frequent. The county's climate transitions from temperate semi-humid to semi-arid, with obvious continental characteristics. In addition, the terrain varies greatly in height, making it complex and diverse. The average wind speed is 1.8m/s, with mostly northwest winds in winter and southeast winds in summer.
(4) Humanities and history: Xiji County is the main potato producing area and the largest agricultural county in Ningxia. Potatoes are the leading industry and occupy a major position in the county's GDP. They are known locally as "Golden Peas". Xiji County has established a potato planting resource preservation center, which has increased the high-quality potato planting area to more than 1.2 million acres. . Xiji County potatoes are the result of careful selection and natural selection by local farmers. According to the "Xiji County Chronicle" records, during the Chenghua Period of the Ming Dynasty, "Anmin Reclamation" was carried out to plant autumn grain crops mainly "yam" and develop the planting industry; in the 11th year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1861), "encourage land reclamation" and "potato cultivation" Twenty-three out of ten." In the long-term practice of potato planting, the working people have accumulated rich planting and breeding experience. Potato varieties planted over the years include Yam, Dahongyao, and Deep Eye socket. After nearly 300 years of planting, the representative Xiji potato has gradually been formed. The variety "Red Potato" is widely grown locally and is well received by the market. The products are sold to Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other parts of the country. The annual sales volume has reached more than 300,000 tons, and some products are sold to Southeast Asia and other places.
Production technical requirements
(1) Selection of production area: Select land with light soil quality, deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, and good permeability. The irrigated land requires convenient irrigation and drainage. . Implement three or more crop rotations, with beans, wheat, corn, rice, flax, millet, etc. as the first crop. It is best to plant on rotational land in the central arid zone. Continuous cropping or alternating cropping with solanaceous crops is taboo. In dry land, plow deeply as soon as possible after the harvest of the previous crop, plowing to a depth of more than 20cm, and plow shallowly to harvest when it rains.
Plow down to protect moisture in winter and spring, and plow and cultivate half a month before sowing. Protective tillage can be implemented in the corn fields covered with film in the first crop, that is, after the corn is harvested, the film is left as stubble to survive the winter, and the remaining potatoes in the subsequent crop are cleaned up, picked up root stubble, and rake near the sowing date.
Soil preparation: The water-irrigated land shall be plowed deeply by machine after the harvest of the previous crop, plowing to a depth of 25cm, sufficient winter water shall be poured in timely, and the land shall be prepared and ridged near the sowing date.
(2) Variety selection: Select the representative local variety "Red Potato", and select virus-free first- and second-level seed potatoes whose quality meets national standards.
(3) Production process management: In order to strengthen the geographical indication work of potato agricultural products in Xiji County, make the quality of potato products meet the requirements of green food standards, produce high-standard and high-quality potatoes, and improve the quality control system, The following management systems have been specially formulated to manage the production process. The first is the base production management system. The second is the agricultural input management system. The third is the technical guidance and promotion system. The fourth is the training system.
(4) Product Harvest: After the above-ground stems and leaves all turn from green to yellow and the tubers stop enlarging, harvest at the appropriate time according to the market or sale and storage time of the fresh potatoes. The seedlings are killed one week before harvesting, and the harvested fresh potatoes must be fully spread to dry before transportation and storage.
(5) Production record requirements: The production location of the product, the soil cultivation stubble, the agricultural machinery and tools used, the name of the fertilizer applied, the method of fertilization, the time of fertilizer application, the amount of fertilizer applied, the name of the pesticide used, the method of application, The pesticide application time and pesticide application objects, as well as the date, method, quantity, etc. of product harvesting, warehousing, sales, etc. are recorded in detail.
Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations
(1) External sensory characteristics: starch content 17.3, dry matter 21.5, shallow bud eyes, regular potato shape, smooth skin , red skin and yellow flesh, suitable for fresh vegetables. When cooked, the aroma is overflowing, the taste is fragrant and smooth, and the flavor is unique. When cooking, the aroma spreads in the house, the taste is good, and it is not suitable to break. Xiji County potatoes are nutritious. They are the representative of Ningxia potatoes and are well-known in China.
(2) Intrinsic quality indicators: Taking 2500g fresh potatoes as an example: protein content 42g, fat 15.5g, sugar 615g, calories 2770cal, crude fiber 31g, minerals 1586.5g, vitamins 452.05mg. Xiji potatoes are especially rich in starch, protein, iron, vitamin C, B1 and B2. It is rich in vitamins. Taking 2500g of fresh potatoes as an example, it contains more than 50g of vitamins.
(3) Safety requirements: ① Base environmental protection system. The first is to strictly control the establishment of new industrial and mining enterprises with pollution sources within 5 kilometers of the base and 20 kilometers upwind to prevent industrial "three wastes" from polluting the base; the second is to set up environmental protection signboards; the third is to establish geographical indications for potato agricultural products in Xiji County
The manure from livestock and poultry farms must be treated harmlessly, and the farmyard manure used must be fermented and decomposed at high temperatures to ensure that it is harmless; fourth, the Ningxia Agricultural Environmental Protection Monitoring Station is entrusted to conduct environmental assessments of the environment every year; ② Supervision and management system (including inspection and testing system). First, rely on the Ningxia Agricultural Environment Testing Station to carry out environmental inspection and testing, and the County Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau to inspect and test products, and gradually establish an inspection and testing system; second, the office conducts overall supervision and inspection; third, the base professionals and work teams are provided by Xiji County The staff of the Potato Industry Service Center are responsible for the management of production archives and records, which are specifically borne by the employees of the township (town) Agricultural Science and Technology Service Center; fourth, the Xiji County Potato Agricultural Products Geographical Indication Management Market Access Supervision and Management Team will monitor the production environment, production Supervision and inspection of processes, input usage, product quality, market and production archive records.
Relevant regulations such as packaging labeling
(1) Packaging: There are two types of packaging methods: box packaging and bag packaging.
(2) Logo: Users of the logo should uniformly use geographical indications of agricultural products (a combination of the name of Xiji Potato and the company’s logo pattern) on their products or their packaging.