Xizang Autonomous Region is one of the five autonomous regions in People's Republic of China (PRC), and it is an ethnic autonomous region dominated by Tibetans.
Xizang Autonomous Region has 6 regions, 1 prefecture-level city, 1 county-level city and 76 counties. Among them, Lhasa has seven counties under its jurisdiction, 1 county-level chengguan district; Changdu area governs 15 counties (four of which have not yet been established), and the administrative office is located in Changdu County; Shannan region governs 12 county, and its administrative office is located in Zedang town. Xigaze area governs 17 counties and 1 county-level cities, and its administrative office is located in Xigaze city; Naqu area governs 10 county and 1 special area, and the administrative office is located in Naqu county. Ali area governs 8 counties (of which 1 county has not yet been established), and the administrative office is located in shiquanhe town; Linzhi area governs 7 counties, and its administrative office is located in Bayi Town. Lhasa, the capital of the autonomous region, is the political, economic and cultural center of Tibet.
Xizang Autonomous Region, with a population of over two million, is the province with the least population and the lowest density in China. Tibetans account for 94.7% of the population in this area.
The population distribution in Tibet is very uneven. Qamdo, Linzhi, Shannan, Shigatse and Lhasa in the southeast account for only 42% of the whole region, while the total population accounts for 85% of the whole region. Naqu and Ali in the northwest account for 58% of the whole area, and the population only accounts for 15% of the whole area. 195 1 Since the peaceful liberation, the CPC Central Committee and the people's government have formulated a population development policy according to the actual situation in Tibet, vigorously developing the economy and medical and health undertakings, and making the population of Tibet increase year by year.
Tibet is called a religious holy land, where primitive natural religions-Bonism and Buddhism-have been circulated. After the tenth century, Buddhism rose again in Tibet, forming a unique Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetans are basically a people who believe in Tibetan Buddhism, and only some people believe in Bonism and Catholicism. Other ethnic groups in Xizang Autonomous Region also have their own beliefs. Some believe in Bonism or Buddhism under the influence of Tibetans, such as the Menba nationality; Some people keep their traditional beliefs, such as the Barrow people. There are also a large number of Muslims in Tibet, whose followers are mainly Hui people.
Tibet is an ethnic autonomous region dominated by Tibetans, and there are other Hui, Menba and Barrow ethnic groups. The unidentified ethnic groups are Sherpa and Bo, with a small number of only over 2,000 people.
The Menba nationality is mainly distributed in the corner of the southern slope of the Himalayas, with Tawang being the most concentrated, while others are distributed in the Laibo District of Medog, Linzhi and Cuona County. Menba means people who live in the corner of the door. The Menba nationality has its own language, belonging to a branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family, and has no writing. They used to record by tying knots. Production tools include machetes, duckbill hoes and sickles. Menba men and women wear red robes. Menba area produces pottery pots, wooden bowls, rattan, bamboo and so on.
Barrow people call themselves "Baurgard" and "Lonna Ba Pu". Barrow is what Tibetans call them, meaning "southerner". Distributed in the vast area from Chayu in the east to Menyu in the west, it is mainly engaged in grain production and diversified management.
Sherpas live in Tangchen District, Ding Jie County, Tibet and Lixin Town, Zhangmu Port. Sherpa, which means "Oriental" in Tibetan. Believe in Tibetan Buddhism, mainly Buddhism and white religion. Sherpas are good at singing and dancing, with melodious and elegant tunes and dances similar to those in Nepal and Pakistan. Both men and women wear white wool short-sleeved jackets with black edges, live in two-story wooden attics, and are mostly engaged in agricultural production and border trade.
Bo people, commonly known as Barber, live in Chayu River, Gongrigabu River and Dulai River in Chayu County. Their clothes are very distinctive: women often wear a pair of long silver eardrums, a forehead protector, beaded necklaces or silver ornaments, a tube skirt and barefoot; Men wear black handkerchiefs and silver earrings. A two-story attic with a wooden structure, where people live on the upper floor and livestock are raised on the lower floor. Bo people have Bo language, belonging to the Tibetan-Burmese language family, and have no writing. They write notes by carving wood, tying ropes, swinging grass sticks and branches. People believe in ghosts, but they don't believe in God. 1959 After the democratic reform in Tibet, the Bo people went out of the mountains and forests, lived in the valley, established their village homes and started a new life.
Geographical overview:
Xizang Autonomous Region is located in the southwest frontier of China, southwest of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It borders Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province in the north, Sichuan Province in the east, Yunnan Province in the southeast and Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and other countries in the south, forming all or part of China's borders with these countries, with a total length of nearly 4,000 kilometers. Xizang Autonomous Region starts at latitude 26 52' in the south and ends at latitude 36 32' in the north. It starts at 78 24' west longitude and ends at 99 06' east longitude. The longest from north to south is about 1000 km, and the widest from east to west is 2000 km. The land area of the whole region is 1.22 million square kilometers, accounting for about 12.8% of the national total area.
Xizang Autonomous Region is the main part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters, and is known as the "roof of the world". The terrain here is complex and can be roughly divided into three different natural regions: the western part is the northern Tibet Plateau, which is located between Kunlun Mountain, Tanggula Mountain, Gangdise Mountain and Nyainqentanglha Mountain, accounting for two-thirds of the total area of the autonomous region; The southern part is the southern Tibet valley, which lies between the Gangdise Mountain and the Himalayas. East Tibet is a mountainous and canyon area, with a series of high mountains and deep valleys that gradually turn from east to west to north and south. It is a part of the famous Hengduan Mountains. Geomorphology can be basically divided into six types: extremely high mountains, high mountains, Zhongshan, low mountains, hills and plains, as well as periglacial landforms, karst landforms, aeolian landforms and volcanic landforms.
The Himalayas, which meanders on the south side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, consists of a series of parallel east-west mountains, the main part of which is on the border between China and India and Nepal, with a total length of 2,400 kilometers, a width of about 200-300 kilometers and an average elevation of over 6,000 meters. Mount Qomolangma, the highest peak in the world, stands in the middle of the Himalayas at an altitude of 8848.13m. Within its surrounding area of more than 5,000 square kilometers, there are 4 peaks over 8,000 meters and 38 peaks over 7,000 meters.
There are more than 20 rivers with a drainage area of 1 000 square kilometers and more than 2000 rivers with a drainage area of 1 000 square kilometers in Xizang Autonomous Region. The famous rivers are Jinsha River, Nujiang River, Lancang River and Yarlung Zangbo River. Tibet is also the China province with the largest distribution of international rivers, and the sources of famous Asian rivers such as Ganges, Indus, Yarlung Zangbo, Mekong, salween and Irrawaddy are all here. The water sources of rivers in Tibet are mainly composed of rainwater, snowmelt water and groundwater, with large flow, low sediment concentration and good water quality.
The Yarlung Zangbo River, the largest river in Tibet, originates from the Gemayengzong Glacier at the northern foot of the Himalayas in Zhongba County, Ali. It is the highest river in the world, with a total length of 2,057 kilometers, a drainage area of over 240,000 square kilometers and an average elevation of about 4,500 meters. After the Yarlung Zangbo River flows into India, it is called Brahmaputra River.
There are more than1.5000 lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, among which the areas of Namco, Selinco and Zhaxicuo exceed1.5000 square kilometers, and the areas of 47 lakes exceed1.5000 square kilometers. The total area of lakes is about 24,000 square kilometers, accounting for about one third of the total area of lakes in China. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is not only the largest lake concentration area in China, but also the plateau lake area with the highest lake surface, the largest range and the largest number in the world. There are many lakes and saltwater lakes here, but few freshwater lakes. There are 17 lakes above 5000 meters above sea level.
Due to the high altitude, thin air, low dust and water vapor content and high transparency of Tibet Plateau, sunlight has less energy loss and stronger radiation when it passes through the atmosphere. Tibet has the largest solar radiation energy in China, and the total radiation of Lhasa in one year is 195 kcal /cm ~ 2. Chengdu, with similar latitudes, has only 88 kcal/cm2 a year, while Shanghai has one year 1 13 kcal/cm2. The sunshine hours in Tibet Plateau are far more than those in other parts of China at the same latitude. For example, the annual sunshine hours in Lhasa are 302 1 hour, Chengdu is 1 186 hours, and Shanghai is 1932 hours.
Under the alternating control of winter west wind and summer southwest monsoon, the division between dry season and rainy season in Tibet is very obvious. Generally, the dry season is 10 to April, and the rainy season is from May to September.
Tibet is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and its altitude has dropped from about 5000 meters to several hundred meters. So from southeast to northwest, the climate types are tropical, subtropical, temperate plateau, sub-frigid plateau, frigid plateau and so on. In the alpine valleys and southern slopes of the Himalayas in southeastern Tibet, due to the repeated uplift of the terrain, the temperature gradually decreased, and the climate changed vertically from tropical or subtropical climate to temperate, cold temperate and frigid climate. "Four seasons in one mountain, ten miles in different days" has been truly reflected here.