What are the literacy methods?
1. Classification literacy
The classification literacy method helps to connect new and old knowledge, forms a certain literacy structure, and can Help students understand by analogy and broaden their knowledge of words. In the process of literacy teaching, teachers can classify literacy teaching according to the formation methods of Chinese characters.
(1) Classification of pictophonetic characters. Using the rules of pictophonetic characters for literacy teaching can help students master the basic meanings of some characters and use Chinese characters accurately. (2) Be able to recognize words. For example, "the sun and the moon are bright, the fish and sheep are fresh, the little dust is small, the small big tip is small", etc. This method is helpful for understanding the meaning of words.
(3) Pictographic literacy.
(4) Radical literacy. You can change the radical to read. Such as blowing - cutting, door + person = flash, na - mouth = that.
(5) Literacy of similar shapes and characters. Such as "niao-wu, ling-jin, wen-jian" and so on. By using the shape similarity, you can distinguish the similarities and differences of glyphs and reduce typos.
2. Situational literacy
In literacy teaching, simple literacy will make students feel boring. A variety of visual and intuitive methods can be used to create rich and colorful teaching situations.
(1) Literacy along with the text. (2) Riddle literacy. (3) Literacy in children’s songs. For example, "The three of us went on a spring outing." (4) Make up a jingle. For example, "I'm so happy to have feet, but I'm so worried if I don't have any feet." (5) Proverb literacy. (6) Learn to use antonyms and learn to read in antiphonal songs. (7) Game literacy.
3. Literacy for daily life
Students in lower grades have limited knowledge, so attention should be paid to guiding students to accumulate knowledge in daily life.
What are some good ways to read?
1. Post flashcards, wall charts, and nursery rhymes on the wall (at a height that the child can reach) and teach him to identify them;
< p> 2. Print out the names of various items at home and stick them on the items. While recognizing the items, you can also master the words;3. Combine the things that the children are most interested in and have the most profound impression on that day. , teach him new phrases every day;
4. Keep a diary with the child; write a short diary of what the child likes to do and the impressive things he did that day, and then print it out and read it with the child;
Recognize the words in a targeted manner, focusing on a few words or phrases. The distinction between font size and color is very impressive to the child and he or she will remember it immediately.
5. Classification; if the child is particularly interested in cars, classify the car types: cars, jeeps, trucks, buses, taxis, motorcycles, bicycles, fire trucks, police cars , ambulance... print them all out and teach him to read them by pointing;
6. Comparative literacy: Putting together words with similar writing styles, comparing and recognizing them, can get twice the result with half the effort. Such as: big, too, dog, sky; ask, flash, dull, between.
7. Decomposition method; decompose fonts into radicals to help memory. For example, the word "marry" is told to the child that it consists of the three characters "er, you, and nv".
8. Write to your children based on the situation; always carry a pen with you and write whatever you see for your children.
9. Point reading with your children; Kang's Reading textbooks, story books, knowledge books or early childhood publications... This method is the simplest and most effective method. It is very important to choose good books, and more importantly, stick to them every day.
10. Design your own literacy games so that children can learn while playing.
For example: make word cards, hide and seek (make your own word cards, then hide the cards and let the children find the words). As long as the child likes it, even the game of "swatting flies" can be used for literacy (use words as flies and anything as a swatter). There is also "Face Changing" (a card with different words written on both sides, flipped back and forth, parents and children rush to read)... There are many, many similar games. The main requirement is that parents pay more attention and put more thought into it.
11. Take the words and make sentences. Use the words you have learned to spell sentences, including a few words you have not learned. Review and study at the same time.
12. Adults and children exchange teachers.
13. Learn radicals and drive a train. Learn a certain radical and then write related words in one go. For example, "beside the handle", related words: hold, lift, hug, touch, pinch, close, pinch, twist, etc.
14. Analogy between pictophonetic and phonetic characters.
15. Literacy can be achieved during activities such as learning music, reading children's songs, poems, stories, etc. Children can sing, read and recognize at the same time.
16. Learn to read maps, learn to read chess, play cards, draw and read, etc.
You must read while recognizing words, otherwise you will forget them quickly if you don’t learn them. Reading and reading at the same time can get twice the result with half the effort. From another perspective, I think there is no fixed method for teaching children to read. The most fundamental and effective method is to use local materials anytime and anywhere, be flexible, and use multiple methods to combine and complement each other.
Several effective literacy methods, what are the literacy methods, interesting literacy methods
1. Storytelling literacy method.
Learn the new words by making them into a story. For example: A man was tired from walking and happened to see a tree on the side of the road. He leaned against the tree to take a rest. The word is "xiu". Another example: Smell, someone heard movement outside the door, and he put his ear to the door to listen.
2. Dismember the glyph literacy method.
Some words seem to have a lot of strokes, and students think it is difficult to remember and write at first sight. If these words are memorized separately, they will appear simple and clear at a glance. For example, "gu" can be divided into ten beans and ten rounds; "win" can be divided into death, mouth, moon, shell and fan. Some words can be dismembered, and the meaning of the word can be reflected on the basis of dismemberment, which makes it easier to remember Zhuru Wan..., enjoy, which can be interpreted as the word "cooked" when the meatballs are boiled in water and the fragrance comes out.
3. Comparative literacy.
There are many Chinese characters that are very similar in pronunciation and shape, but their meanings are very different. How to recognize and memorize these characters? You can use the comparative method to learn, that is, write these words and compare them. For example: Qing, Qing, Qing, Qing, Qing, Jing. These characters appear in volumes two and three respectively. You can compare the pronunciation, shape and meaning of these characters, and then combine them into words to make them easier to remember.
4. Radical literacy (phonetic and phonetic literacy).
On the basis of students learning some combined characters, students basically understand the meanings of the radicals of commonly used characters. Next to the word RUMU: Most of them are words related to trees: such as pine, cypress, birch, tree, etc., which represent words related to water: such as river, clear, lake, sea, etc., which represent words related to animals: Such as cat, dog, fox, etc. Most of the words are related to the movements of human hands: such as lifting, lifting, carrying, carrying, etc. There are many such pictophonetic characters. If you know the meaning of the radical and look at the radical, you will generally know the pronunciation and meaning of the word. In this way, students are motivated to recognize words, and they can generally understand the meaning and pronunciation of some words even if they have not learned them. However, there are also some characters that do not match the meaning of the word. For example, when learning the word "sacrifice", students know that the meaning of the word refers to sacrificing one's life for a just cause. Some students asked: "Teacher, why are these two characters next to the word "ox"?" I guided the students to look up the dictionary and find out: "Sacrifice" used to refer to killing cattle, sheep, etc. for sacrificial activities. Students immediately understand the meaning of these two words.
5. Riddle literacy method.
Riddles are a game that students love to see. Many Chinese characters can be turned into riddles, which are both educational and entertaining, and can be regarded as a good literacy method. For example: One word and eleven strokes, neither horizontal nor straight. When a student asked Confucius, Confucius said it was tasteless - bland. There will be less and more birds.
6. Use familiar characters with new ones.
Some new characters can be transformed into new characters by adding or removing part of familiar characters. For example: Adding wood every time is "mei", removing tadpoles from insects is "ke"... There are many other ways to teach students calligraphy, such as teaching students calligraphy through drawing, literacy with the help of physical objects, movement demonstration of literacy, adding strokes, etc. Various methods can be used in combination in teaching to mobilize students' consciousness, enthusiasm and interest in learning, and cultivate literacy skills.
7. Literacy through performance movements
During the teaching process, body movements can be used to demonstrate the relationship between the form and meaning of words. Some of the words learned are verbs. When learning verbs, you can think about the actions and then do the actions. For example: to learn the word "see", put your hands on your eyes (eyes), and you can see far away like Sun Wukong. For example: to learn the word "run", first think about the movement of running, and then do it, In this way, students will understand that "run" means running with (foot), so it is next to the word "foot". This not only allows students to remember the shape of the word clearly, but also understands the meaning of the word. It is easy to learn and the students are very enthusiastic.
8. Extracurricular literacy
(1) Literacy by reading extracurricular books
Freshmen in the first grade can master Chinese Pinyin and Chinese Pinyin 5-7 weeks after entering school. Use syllables to read some simple children's songs and stories. At this time, while teaching new words, the teacher guides students to read some extracurricular books that they are interested in, which not only stimulates students' interest in reading, but also effectively consolidates Chinese Pinyin.
(2) Literate words in daily life to consolidate fonts
Knowledge comes from life. Students will come into contact with many new words in their lives, such as: wall posters on campus, names of teachers and students, Product labels, physical names, various books, computers, newspapers, house numbers, subtitles on TV, station names on trains, etc. Asking children to do "literacy clippings", collect "interesting trademarks", and talk about "house numbers I know" can help students discover new words that exist in life and pay attention to recognizing and accumulating new words in life.
Students can come into contact with many Chinese characters in their living environment. It is also a good way to guide students to pay attention to observation and learn to read anytime and anywhere. It is also a good way to extend beyond the classroom. For example: when handing out homework books, let students take turns to do so, so as to know the names of their classmates; on Sunday, let parents... >>
What are the literacy teaching methods
Common ones include: diagram literacy method, riddle literacy method, making up children's songs and rhymes literacy method, making up story literacy method and component literacy method, etc.
1. Graphical literacy method
The so-called graphic literacy method refers to a method that uses pictures (simple figures, stickers, etc.) to help learn and memorize glyphs. This method is mainly suitable for pictographic characters. Using this method to learn characters is both interesting and can cultivate students' imagination. The simplest pictographic characters such as "sun, moon, water, fire, mountain, stone, field, earth" are all pictograms of real objects with simple strokes. , close to pictures, learning this type of Chinese characters can give full play to students' imagination. Let the children imitate the ancient calligraphy: What does the "mountain" look like when drawing mountains? Let's talk about how to write "田". Everyone was very interested in making and speaking Chinese characters. At the same time, they felt a sense of accomplishment in using images to create characters, and they also used the glyphs to memorize characters.
2. Riddle literacy method
As the name suggests, the riddle literacy method is a method that uses riddles and riddles to help students learn literacy. This method is suitable for Chinese characters whose frame structure is relatively simple and there is a certain relationship between each component. Consolidating the knowledge learned by guessing riddles can not only mobilize enthusiasm, but also cultivate students' logical thinking ability. For example: "Bite off the tail of your hand in one bite" (report); "One point and one horizontal stroke, cross the door." (text), etc. Using riddles according to the characteristics of the glyphs to help with literacy can more stimulate students' interest and activate their thinking. In the process of "guessing", students naturally understand and master the glyphs and meanings.
3. Compiling children's songs and jingles to help students learn literacy.
This method is a method of using children's songs and jingles to help students learn literacy. This form of helping students to read through figurative language is easily accepted by students. It allows students to learn to read with interest, ease and joy. For example: A man named Wang has two pieces of candy (gold) in his pocket; "One man is so bold that he dares to crush the king" (Quan); "Two children sit on the ground" (Sitting); "The two are obedient" "Three people are a crowd", "Three trees are a forest", "What is not right is crooked", "Small soil is dust", "Small above and big below are sharp". The literacy methods of children's songs and rhymes are humorous, educational, and easy to learn and remember. They can not only show the interest of the language, but also improve the effectiveness of literacy. For example, when learning the word "love", read: "The beginning of the claw is the same as the flat cover. The children are so cute." The small pencils have a pointed tip, and the top is small and the bottom is big. "Crooked"; "Dakou's mother is waiting for Xiaokou, Xiaokou wants to go home...".
4. Story-telling literacy method
Story-telling literacy method is to make up Chinese characters Several parts are cleverly connected using stories. This method is suitable for learning and memorizing characters with complex glyphs. Most Chinese characters are composed of several parts. If you use your imagination, you can connect several parts cleverly. Get up and turn each abstract word into a vivid story. This not only makes the boring abstract strokes full of aura, but also adds interest to literacy.
For example: the word "extinguish" (when a fire breaks out, put it out with water); the word "swim" (there is a child wearing a swimming cap swimming in a square swimming pool); the word "left" (the person on the left is working hard) ); the word "right" (the person on the right is eating a lot). Thinking like this, these words will be deeply imprinted in the mind, and the students' imagination and creativity will also be developed at this moment.
5. Component Literacy
The so-called Component Literacy method is to use the parts of familiar words that have been learned and replace them by "adding one plus, subtracting one subtraction, and changing one." Dropping the radicals of characters is a way to help students learn characters. This method is mainly suitable for picophonetic characters and characters with the same parts. For example, to remember "Qing", "Qing", and "Qing", use the word "Qing" that you have learned and add "氵" to become "Qing", and then connect it with "clear river water" to know that "Qing" is related to "water", and After understanding the meaning of the word, "please", people use their mouths, so there is a word side; "qing" is related to mood, so "vertical heart side" is added. Using the phonetic and phonological characters to recognize and memorize characters is not only helpful for mastering the sound of Chinese characters, but also for mastering the shape of Chinese characters and understanding the meaning of Chinese characters.
Reference: bbs.pep/thread-517403-1-1...>>
What is literacy method
1. Classification literacy< /p>
The classification literacy method helps to connect new and old knowledge and form a certain literacy structure. It can also help students learn by analogy and broaden their literacy. In the process of literacy teaching, teachers can classify literacy teaching according to the formation methods of Chinese characters.
(1) Classification of pictophonetic characters. Using the rules of pictophonetic characters for literacy teaching can help students master the basic meanings of some characters and use Chinese characters accurately. (2) Be able to recognize words. For example, "the sun and the moon are bright, the fish and sheep are fresh, the little dust is small, the small big tip is small", etc. This method is helpful for understanding the meaning of words.
(3) Pictographic literacy.
(4) Radical literacy. You can change the radical to read. Such as blowing - cutting, door + person = flash, na - mouth = that.
(5) Literacy of similar shapes and characters. Such as "niao-wu, ling-jin, wen-jian" and so on. By using the shape similarity, you can distinguish the similarities and differences of glyphs and reduce typos.
2. Situational literacy
In literacy teaching, simple literacy will make students feel boring. A variety of visual and intuitive methods can be used to create rich and colorful teaching situations.
(1) Literacy along with the text. (2) Riddle literacy. (3) Literacy in children’s songs. For example, "The three of us went on a spring outing." (4) Make up a jingle. For example, "I'm so happy to have feet, but I'm so worried if I don't have any feet." (5) Proverb literacy. (6) Learn to use antonyms and learn to read in antiphonal songs. (7) Game literacy.
3. Literacy for daily life
Students in lower grades have limited knowledge, so attention should be paid to guiding students to accumulate knowledge in daily life.
How many ways can primary school students learn to read?
How many ways can primary school students learn to read? Best answer: Chinese characters are a common writing tool for communicating ideas in our society, and literacy is the basis for reading and writing. , inadequate literacy not only affects the improvement of children's language proficiency, but also seriously hinders the learning of other subjects and restricts the development of children's intelligence. According to the requirements of the new curriculum syllabus, primary school students must learn about 2,500 commonly used Chinese characters, and about 2,000 in lower grades. It can be seen that the new curriculum reform has placed literacy teaching in lower grades as a top priority. So, how to cultivate literacy skills in lower grades and consolidate and improve literacy effects? 1. Get to know students and understand their characteristics. Since literacy teaching is aimed at children in lower grades, to improve the literacy skills of these children, we must first understand the characteristics of this group of children. Only by understanding them can we be at ease. Only by understanding them can their learning be in good condition, and their attention, observation, memory and imagination be at their best. Due to their small age, the attention of lower grade students is unstable, short-lasting, and often closely related to their interests. Vivid, concrete, and novel things are more likely to arouse their interest and attention. However, they are not interested in more abstract concepts and theorems, so it is difficult for them to concentrate for a long time. Therefore, we need different classroom teaching methods to allow students to easily memorize new words and improve literacy efficiency. 2. Flexible and diverse forms to optimize literacy teaching. Let’s briefly talk about commonly used and more practical literacy methods.
Common ones include: diagram literacy method, riddle literacy method, making up children's songs and rhymes literacy method, making up story literacy method and component literacy method, etc. 1. Graphical literacy method The so-called graphic literacy method refers to a method that uses pictures (simple figures, stickers, etc.) to help memorize glyphs. This method is mainly suitable for pictographic characters. Using this method to learn characters is both interesting and can cultivate students' imagination. The simplest pictographic characters such as "sun, moon, water, fire, mountain, stone, field, earth" are all pictograms of real objects with simple strokes. , close to pictures, learning this type of Chinese characters can give full play to students' imagination. Let the children imitate the ancient calligraphy: What does the "mountain" look like when drawing mountains? Let's talk about how to write "田". Everyone was very interested in making and speaking characters. At the same time, they felt a sense of accomplishment in making characters with images, and they also used the glyphs to memorize characters. 2. Riddle-guessing literacy method As the name suggests, the riddle-guessing literacy method is a method that uses riddles and riddles to help students learn literacy. This method is suitable for Chinese characters whose frame structure is relatively simple and there is a certain relationship between each component. Consolidating the knowledge learned by guessing riddles can not only mobilize enthusiasm, but also cultivate students' logical thinking ability. For example: "Bite off the tail of your hand in one bite" (report); "One point and one horizontal stroke, cross the door." (text), etc. Using riddles according to the characteristics of the glyphs to help with literacy can more stimulate students' interests and activate their thinking. In the process of "guessing", students naturally understand and master the glyphs and meanings. 3. Compiling children's songs and rhymes for literacy This method is a method that uses compiling children's songs and rhymes to help students learn literacy. This form of helping students to read through figurative language is easily accepted by students. It allows students to learn to read with interest, ease and joy. For example: A man named Wang has two pieces of candy (gold) in his pocket; "One man is so bold that he dares to crush the king" (Quan); "Two children sit on the ground" (Sitting); "The two are obedient" "Three people are a crowd", "Three trees are a forest", "What is not right is crooked", "Small earth is dust", "Small above and big below are sharp". The literacy methods of children's songs and rhymes are humorous, educational, and easy to learn and remember. They can not only show the interest of the language, but also improve the effectiveness of literacy. For example, when learning the word "love", read: "The beginning of the claw is the same as the flat cover. The children are so cute." The small pencils have a pointed tip, and the top is small and the bottom is big. "Crooked (Crooked); Dakou's mother is waiting for Xiaokou, Xiaokou is going home (back)..." 4. Storytelling literacy method Storytelling literacy method is to use stories to cleverly connect several parts of Chinese characters to help students learn literacy. A method. This method is suitable for memorizing characters with complex glyphs. Most Chinese characters are composed of several parts. If you use your imagination and cleverly connect several parts, you can turn each abstract character into a vivid one. Short stories, which not only make the boring abstract strokes full of aura, but also add interest to literacy, such as: the word "Mie" (when a fire breaks out, use water to put it out); the word "游" (there is a person wearing a swimming pool). The child wearing a hat is swimming in a square swimming pool); the word "left" (the person on the left is working hard); the word "right" (the person on the right is mouthing... >>
What are the methods of reading and writing?
Teaching literacy and writing in the first grade is an important task in Chinese teaching. The new curriculum standard implements "separate reading and writing" and "recognize more and write less" in terms of literacy and writing. , put forward two requirements of "being able to recognize and write", which are of great significance to cultivating students' reading ability and ability to obtain information. However, it is difficult for lower grade students to master glyphs. How can I overcome this difficulty? Let me talk about my experience based on the S version of the textbook:
1. Teach students to master the formation rules of Chinese characters in self-study
In the past, teachers generally taught, students learned, and students were in Passive status. In terms of literacy teaching, the S version of the textbook fully embodies the idea of ??letting students learn by themselves, using multiple methods to think, memorize, and analyze glyphs, cultivate students' independent literacy skills, and let students think by themselves, discover problems by themselves, and find ways to solve problems. . This not only stimulates students' interest in literacy, but also makes their memory of glyphs more solid. They can also explore and understand the rules of Chinese character formation.
This is what I do in the first grade literacy teaching. : First, guide students to observe the situation diagram, so that they have the desire to read, and they can master the pronunciation of new words and recognize the glyphs through repeated reading. Then I ask the students: "Today we are going to learn these new words. Who is the smartest? Use your own brain." Come up with the best memory method and please tell everyone.
"When asked this question, the students were very interested and immediately began to search for answers in their brains, and came up with many different memory methods: "Add strokes to familiar words", "Compare words with similar shapes", "Homophones", "Remove familiar words" "Radical", "removing parts", "reducing strokes"... For example, when learning the word "天", some say that the word "大" plus one horizontal line is the sky; some say that the word "人" plus two horizontal lines is the sky; some say that the word "人" plus two horizontal lines is the sky; When learning the word "yuan", some people say that adding the word "kou" of the wall outside the word "yuan" means "yuan", so that we can understand that "campus and parks" are surrounded by walls. Distinguish the usage of "Yuan" and "Yuan". When learning the word "爱", the students split it into ",冖,友", and I paired it with the children's song "Claw, Bald Baogai, little boy, so cute". Just remember the new words.
2. Break through the difficulty of glyphs in relaxed and enjoyable learning
Children who have just entered school are young, have difficulty concentrating, and are prone to fatigue. "Proposed: Cultivate students' attitudes and emotions towards Chinese characters and learning Chinese characters, have the desire to take the initiative to read, and initially experience the physical beauty of Chinese characters. Therefore, a variety of methods should be used in teaching to stimulate students' interest and keep them interested. Learn while playing. In this way, while fully mobilizing students' unintentional attention, they also promote the development of their intentional attention, and teachers should create situations for solving difficulties to promote students' flexible and creative development of thinking. :
1. Make up word puzzles. In the first-grade literacy teaching, I found that "making up word puzzles" can help children easily master some difficult words. After guidance, children often use their brains to make up word puzzles. The classroom atmosphere is very lively, such as: Peng: Two moons making friends. Lin: Two trees standing side by side. Xiu: One's own heart. , wearing a straw hat on his head. Thinking: Ten mouths, one heart, guess, use your brain. Lei: Raindrops fall on the field... Children can not only make up the new words that appear in the book, but also expand this literacy method. Go outside class and tell it to parents, which not only stimulates children's interest in literacy, but also achieves unexpected results.
2. The teacher puts together a word game. Write the word-forming parts of several words in random order on the cards, and give one copy to each group, allowing them to form as many words as possible through group cooperation. Then the groups will send representatives to the podium to demonstrate the effect of the cooperation, allowing everyone to The students read and the champion group is judged. This reflects the teaching idea of ??no limit. Students can not only form words that appear in the textbook, but some students can also form many words that they know outside class.
3. Grab cards. The teacher puts many cards in the blackboard slot, names 2-3 people to stand in front of the blackboard, and according to the pronunciation of the words read by the teacher, find the relevant cards to form words, and then form a word or say a sentence, who Whoever grabs more will get a small red flag.
4. Make up stories and remember the glyphs. In the teaching, students’ associations should be fully used to reveal the formation of Chinese characters. The relationship between principles and pronunciation, shape and meaning. Through intuitive means, figurative language, and vivid stories, abstract Chinese characters are transformed into pictures or short stories. For example: when learning "stay", the teacher told a story while writing: "A man has a big mouth (mouth), as motionless as a piece of wood. It turns out that he is... >>