second, the climate
Wuxi belongs to the humid monsoon climate zone in the north subtropical zone, with four distinct seasons, abundant heat, abundant precipitation and the same season of rain and heat. Summer is controlled by the summer monsoon from the ocean, with southeast wind prevailing and hot and rainy weather; Winter is controlled by the prevailing winter monsoon in mainland China, and most of them blow northerly winds; Spring and autumn are the alternating periods of winter and summer monsoon, with changeable weather in spring and crisp air in autumn. The average temperature is 16.2℃, the precipitation is 1121.7 mm, the rainy days are 123 days, the sunshine hours are 1924.3 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 43%. The hottest month in a year is July and the coldest month is January. Common meteorological disasters include typhoon, rainstorm, continuous rain, cold wave, hail and strong wind. It has the characteristics of both north and south agriculture, and there are many kinds of crops.
3. Yangshan peach is one of the famous specialties in Wuxi, and it has been cultivated for nearly 7 years. Produced in Yangshan Town, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, a famous peach town in China, Yangshan Peach is famous at home and abroad for its beautiful shape, bright color, delicious taste, fine meat, tough and easy peeling skin, rich juice, strong fragrance and instant taste. Yangshan peach early peach varieties began to be listed at the end of May, and around July 15th, a large number of lakeview peaches with the highest sweetness will also be listed. On January 5th, 213, the trademark "Yangshan" won the newly recognized list of well-known trademarks in China announced by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce.
4. Cultivation techniques
1. Seedling selection: According to the soil, climate, management level and local market conditions, select excellent varieties with high yield and right production and marketing, and do a good job of matching early, middle and late maturity varieties.
2. Garden establishment and planting: select slightly acidic sandy soil or sandy loam with good drainage, deep soil layer and ph value of 5.5 ~ 6.5, and dig big holes for planting; Terraces should be built on low hilly slopes, and the planting density per mu should be 4-5 plants on flat land and 5-6 plants on mountain land.
3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and timely topdressing: the base fertilizer advocates winter fertilizer and autumn fertilizer, with organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer, accounting for 6% ~ 7% of the annual fertilization amount, generally applying 2kg of stable manure per mu or 15kg； of special fertilizer for fruit trees per mu; The frequency, time and dosage of topdressing are different according to varieties, tree age, cultivation and management methods, growth and development period and external conditions, etc. Generally, pre-bud fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer and post-harvest fertilizer are the main fertilizers.
4. Shaping and pruning techniques:
(1) Tree shape and tree structure: The tree shape is naturally happy with three main branches. Tree structure: the height of adult trees is maintained at about 2.5 ~ 3 meters, the trunk height is 3 ~ 4 cm, and there are three main branches, each with 1 ~ 2 auxiliary branches, and the opening angle is about 75.
(2) Tree-shaped culture: the stem should be fixed at 5 ~ 6 cm in the year of planting, and there should be more than 3 robust buds in the plastic band under the cut. In the first year of growth after planting, new shoots with strong growth and good azimuth are selected and cultivated as main branches, and the remaining new shoots can be thinned or twisted as auxiliary branches. In the second year after planting, select lateral strong branches 5 ~ 6 cm away from the main branch, with a good opening angle, cultivate the auxiliary main branch, and cultivate large and small fruiting branches on the main branch and the auxiliary main branch at the same time.
(3) Pruning: Pruning during hibernation (winter). It can be carried out after defoliation and before germination, and pruning adopts the combination of short cutting and thinning, as well as measures such as long putting, retracting and circling branches. Pruning of fruiting branches: long fruit branches, about one-third of the branch length; In addition to thinning and dense branches, the middle fruit branches are generally not short; Short fruit branches should keep 1 branch every 1 cm or so. The amount of branches left depends on site conditions, management level, tree age, tree potential and yield requirements. Pruning in the growth period mainly includes: re-pruning after flowering, removing sprouting, thinning branches, twisting branches, pinching, pulling branches, cutting tips, moving branches and other technical measures.
5. Fruit management technology: Peach has a high fruit setting rate, so it is necessary to thin the fruit and control the amount of fruit left. Fruit thinning should be carried out twice, from late April to early May and in the middle and late May respectively. Generally, one fruit is left for short fruit branches, two fruits are left for middle fruit branches and three to five fruits are left for long fruit branches. Spraying and bagging in time after fruit setting. The harvest time of fruits depends on the characteristics of varieties, and it is appropriate to harvest 8% mature fruits.
6. Pest control: To control diseases, we must first do a good job of clearing the garden in winter, and remove diseased branches and leaves in time in combination with pruning in winter; Before and after beginning of winter, the trunk was painted white; Spraying Pomei 5-degree stone sulfur mixture before germination in early spring should prevent and control diseases such as brown rot, anthracnose, scab and leaf shrinkage during the growing period. Pests that harm peach trees include aphids, pear fruit borer, green leafhopper, peach moth, thorn moth, military pest, mulberry white scale, etc., which should be sprayed in time according to the occurrence situation.