What issues need to be paid attention to when collecting throat swab specimens?
Issues to note:
(1) Check the doctor’s orders and be prepared.
(2) Let the patient rinse his mouth with water, and then ask the patient to open his mouth and make an "ah" sound, and use a tongue depressor if necessary.
(3) Take out the swab in the culture tube and gently and quickly wipe the two jaw arches, pharynx and tonsils.
(4) Disinfect the mouth of the test tube above the flame of the alcohol lamp.
(5) Insert the swab into the test tube and tighten the stopper. Website collection
(6) Indicate the specimen collection time and submit it for inspection in a timely manner.
When collecting throat swab specimens, inform the patient of the purpose of examination, collection method, and collection time. .During operation, attention should be paid to sterilizing the bottle mouth and keeping the container sterile. It is best to collect specimens before antimicrobial treatment. Does the collection type of meningitis specimens include throat swabs
(2) Close contact investigation
Close contacts refer to people who eat and live together, including family members, nurseries, kindergartens, Classmates in school and people in the same small environment.
When the first case of meningococcal meningitis occurs in the jurisdiction, the county-level disease prevention and control agency must collect throat swab specimens from close contacts before taking preventive medication to isolate Neisseria meningitidis. Closely observe close contacts and send them to a doctor immediately if signs of illness (fever) appear to avoid delays. At the same time, sensitive antibiotics should be selected for preventive medication for close contacts.
(2) Testing of specimens from disease prevention and control institutions
After receiving the report from the medical institution, the county-level disease prevention and control institution should collect specimens from the medical institution on the same day and send the specimens to the city as soon as possible Level disease prevention and control institutions conduct testing. For cases with negative pathogen and antigen tests, convalescent serum should be collected for serum antibody testing. Serum specimens for antibody testing should be refrigerated and transported. Collect throat swab specimens from close contacts of the first meningococcal meningitis case before taking prophylactic medication for isolation, culture and identification of Neisseria meningitidis. Monitoring points (for details on the setting of monitoring points, please see the section on population monitoring of meningococcal antibody levels and infection rates) ) The county where the patient is located collects throat swab specimens from all close contacts of meningococcal meningitis cases for testing.
It should be included. What is the purpose of collecting "throat swab specimens" from H1N1 influenza patients? What is a "throat swab"?
The main route of infection of influenza this time is upper respiratory tract infection
So we need to use that brief description of the method of collecting measles throat swab pathogenic specimens
Hello, After reading your description, I don't see what your problem is?
If you don’t describe the problem, no one will be able to help you.
I hope you can describe your problem clearly as soon as possible, so that everyone can answer your question and help you as soon as possible. Thank you. What issues should be paid attention to when collecting samples for DNA paternity testing
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What key issues need to be paid attention to when inspecting a vehicle?
Key issues that need to be paid attention to when inspecting the car:
1. Look at the car chassis and battery. Lie down and see that there are no oil spots on the ground of the six cars, and there is no oil stain on the chassis. There is not much to look at in a new car battery, just check whether the connector is corroded and whether the small window is green. Note that the battery connector is generally loose and must be tightened before driving away.
2. Pull out the engine oil. Check the oil color with a ruler: Some people would say, isn’t it always 0 kilometers? What's there to see? The dealer has done something wrong. Some cars have run many kilometers, but the odometer does not pick up, and it is still more than ten kilometers, and it is pretended to be 0 kilometers! When checking, you should turn off the engine after driving the car for three minutes, pull out the oil dipstick and wipe it with a paper towel to eliminate the black spots. Step 3: Listen to the engine sound from a distance: This can only be done by feeling. The method of operation is to drive two cars, stand in the middle and be at an equal distance from the two cars. If you feel the sound is louder (it is significantly louder than other cars), you can turn around and listen again to avoid hearing loss in both ears. Different illusions.
3. Listen carefully to the sound of the engine: I have developed a habit of driving. Whenever I drive a car for the first time, I like to open the front cover and use a screwdriver to hold one end of it against the engine and the other end against my ear. Listening to the sound can be considered as gaining experience. This was a big help when choosing a car, almost half of the cars were eliminated and only two were left. (Don’t laugh! It’s better to be careful when choosing something as expensive as a car. The more serious you are, the less likely the dealer will be careless about you. I’ve seen an owner who got a stethoscope to choose a car! He put a towel on the head of his stethoscope and pressed it on it. I listened to all aspects of the engine for more than ten minutes! )
4. Check the workmanship, check the connection of each thread, whether there is any shaking, etc. You can see this for yourself, so I won’t go into details.
5. Look at the appearance of the entire car. Some people may say, are you only looking at the appearance now? Of course, this is not about choosing a second-hand car. If there are scratches on the appearance, the car will not be parked there waiting for you to pick it up. The dealer will deal with it early in the morning. What I want you to look at is whether the gaps in the door are even. In addition, when looking at the appearance, you should also pay attention to whether the glass is original and whether the bottom of the glass is marked, so as not to end up with a car that has been in an accident (this has happened before).
6. This is the time for you to enter the cockpit. Dealers say that if you can’t wait to enter the cockpit to pick a car as soon as you see him coming up, you know he is a novice! What I'm most afraid of is the one who hangs around the machine for a long time without entering the cockpit. There is nothing to say here, just check the manual to see if the various buttons and switches are working. Adjustments to lighting, sound, air conditioning, seats, seat belts, electric windows, etc. must be tested one by one without getting tired of it. What issues should be paid attention to when laying floor tiles?
Inspection method:
1. It can be tapped, and the crisp sound indicates that the ceramic tile has high porcelain density and hardness and is of good quality
(Gently tap the floor tile with your hand , if this brick makes a "pop, pop" sound, it means that its sintering degree is not enough and its texture is inferior. If it makes a slight "thump, pop" sound, its texture is harder than the previous one)
(Actually, the method is very simple. Knock it with your hands. High-density ceramic tiles will make a crisp and fragrant sound like glass. Low-density ceramic tiles will make a dull sound like bricks and tiles.
)
2. Measure the water absorption rate of the ceramic tiles. The lower the water absorption rate, the higher the inherent stability of the ceramic tiles, and the more suitable they are for spaces with high humidity or moisture content (such as bathrooms and kitchens) , will not cause black spots and other problems
3. Pour a cup of water on the back of the tile. If the water stains spread quickly, it means the water absorption rate is high, otherwise it is low
4. Yes Use a hard object to scrape the glaze of the ceramic tiles. If traces are left, it means the quality is poor
5. Check whether the color of the ceramic tiles is clear and see if there are any pinholes with the naked eye. Pinholes can easily accumulate dirt.
6. The flatness of the tiles, the sides are straight, easy to lay, and the effect is good (visual inspection method, place the floor tiles on a flat surface to see if its four sides are completely consistent with the flat surface, and at the same time look at the tiles Check whether the four corners are all right angles, and then place the tiles among tiles of the same variety and model to observe the degree of color difference)
7. When choosing floor tiles, we often see material dealers stepping on them hard on the ground. This can only mean that the bottom of his floor tiles is flat but not that the quality of his tiles is good
8. Make a scratch on the ground. Due to the density of the poor tiles, they will look like a piece of chalk. Wherever you scratch, All imprints.
9. The first point is "seeing". Take a look at the level. First-class products are the best, while third-class and substandard products are worrying; secondly, look at the appearance and glaze. Good ceramic tiles have no problems such as bumps, bulges, or warping corners, and have straight edges and flat surfaces. The glaze surface is smooth and clean, without particles or different shades of color; look at the pattern three times. The pattern should be delicate, without obvious color leakage, misalignment, broken lines or different shades.
10. The second key point is "listening". Use the thumb, index finger and middle finger of one hand to pinch one corner of the ceramic tile and hang it down easily. Tap the middle and lower part of the ceramic tile with the index finger of the other hand. If the sound is clear and pleasant, it is a top quality product. If the sound is dull and astringent, it is a poor quality product.
11. Cut out pieces of ceramic tiles (generally you can ask the store for broken pieces for inspection) and look at the fractures. The broken parts are fine, hard and brittle, and the color is consistent, which is the top grade.
12. Drop water on the back of the ceramic tile. The ceramic tile that soaks slowly after the water spreads has a higher density and is considered to be of higher quality.
13. In addition to the color you like, you also need to choose carefully: first, take out any four tiles from the packaging box, place them on a flat ground and compare them to see if the four tiles are flat and consistent. Whether the diagonal corners of the tiles are inlaid. Then tap the surface of the ceramic tile with your palm and listen to the sound: the sound of good ceramic tiles is relatively low; the sound of bad ceramic tiles is bright and has obvious echo. Of course, judging whether it's good or bad based on the sound is relative. However, the first comparison method should not be underestimated. The biggest difference between domestic and imported bricks lies in the consistency of specifications of ceramic tile products.
14. Take a look at the glaze of the tiles. The surface of the tiles should be smooth and delicate; high-gloss glazed tiles should be crystal clear and shiny, while matte and semi-matt glazes should be soft and evenly reflective. You can try to scratch the surface of the tiles with a hard object. If scratches appear, it means that the glaze is insufficient. After the glaze on the surface is polished, the tile surface will easily hide dirt and be difficult to clean. Second, check whether the product size is standard. You can use a caliper to measure the diagonal line. Irregular tiles will not align in a straight line when paving, causing unsightly appearance. Third, look at the deformation. You can directly observe it with the naked eye to see that the edges of the product are straight and flat. In this way, the product deformation is small, construction is convenient, and the brick surface is smooth and beautiful after paving. Fourth, look at the pattern. The color and pattern should be delicate and realistic, with no obvious defects such as lack of color, broken lines, misalignment, etc.
15. Look at the packaging. First, check whether there is the factory name, address and trademark to avoid buying "three noes" products. Secondly, look at the product quality level and water absorption rate. Generally speaking, products with lower water absorption rates have relatively higher strength and better frost resistance. If users purchase ceramic tiles mainly for flooring or outdoor walls, they need to purchase products with lower water absorption, such as porcelain tiles or stoneware tiles. If the user purchases bricks mainly for indoor walls, such as kitchen and bathroom walls, they can choose products with higher water absorption, such as ceramic bricks. However, it should be pointed out that this type of product has relatively high requirements for resistance to cracking, thermal shock resistance, pollution resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. Third, look at the friction performance of the product. If users purchase ceramic tiles for flooring, they need to check the friction coefficient and wear level of the product.
16. Look at the surface quality. First, check whether the color is beautiful and pleasing to the eye and meets your own aesthetic taste. Secondly, about 1 meter away from the sample, under certain lighting conditions, observe whether the sample has surface defects such as missing glaze, cracks, smoke, dirt, glaze bubbles, spots, bumps, etc.; about 3 meters away from the sample, observe whether there are any surface defects on the product surface. Color difference in order to roughly grasp the gloss of the product. Third, tap the sample lightly with your hand or hammer. If a metallic echo appears, it indicates that the product has a solid structure; if a muffled sound appears, it indicates that the product may have structural delamination defects.
17. Look at the appearance of the product. First, check whether the actual size of the product matches the marked working size. Secondly, look at the degree of deformation of the product, whether the surface of the product is flat, whether the corners are straight, etc.
18. Six methods to detect the quality of ceramic tiles 1. Put a few drops of tea juice or water on the back of the ceramic tile. After a few minutes, depending on the degree of inhalation and diffusion of the water droplets, if it does not absorb water or has a low water absorption rate, the quality is good. 2. Knock on the tiles and listen to see if the sound is crisp. The crisper the sound, the higher the porcelain degree, density and hardness. 3. Scratch the tiles with a sharp object to see if there are scratches. If there are scratches, it means that the glaze application is poor and may cause people to slip. After the glaze on the surface is polished, the tile surface will be dirty and cannot be cleaned. 4. If the color and chroma of the ceramic tile are clear and natural, it means that the degree of porcelain is high, while the chroma is unclear and the degree of porcelain is low. 5. When purchasing, observe with the naked eye whether there are any pinholes on the surface within one meter. If there are any, it means that the glaze is not completely integrated and it is easy to accumulate dirt. 6. Observation of warpage: Use the naked eye to see whether the sides of the tiles are straight. If the warpage is serious, it will affect the firmness of the tiles in the future.
19. Check whether the white color of the ceramic tile surface is appropriate, whether the color difference is obvious, whether there are cracks, pay special attention to check whether there are dark lines, and whether the front and edge of the ceramic tile are covered with glaze. Then observe from the side of the ceramic tile to see if there are spots or defects on the glaze layer on the surface. If the above characteristics are absent, the quality of the tiles is satisfactory. The second is to listen. Gently bump two ceramic tiles. If there is a crisp sound of "dang-dang", it means that the tile is pressed tightly, with high density and good quality; If the texture of the blank is not dense or has dark lines, its quality is poor. The third is to press. Place the tile flatly facing the glass and press its four corners to measure its flatness, because the flatter the tile, the better the quality, and vice versa. Finally, if consumers need to purchase ceramic tiles in large quantities, they may wish to discard one or two ceramic tiles and drop ink on the back of the ceramic tiles to observe. If the dropped ink is absorbed immediately, it means that its density is poor. ?
20.: (1) Dimensional error. Whether the geometric size is standard is the key to judging the quality of the tiles. Use a tape measure to measure the diagonal and four-sided dimensions of the tile surface and whether the thickness is uniform. ; (2) Color difference, randomly unpack a few pieces and compare them one by one. Generally, it is normal to have slight differences. If it is very obvious, there is a problem. However, ceramic tiles with different production batch numbers also have color differences. It is best to compare them at once when purchasing. Buy in sufficient quantity, otherwise it will be difficult to match the color in the future; (3) Cracks, cracks in the underglaze layer, surface cracks; (4) Unevenness, although the glaze layer is bright, there are inclusions in or in the glaze layer; (5) Spots , isolated variation color spots in the glaze color; (6) Trauma, crushing or deep cracks, uneven edges and corners.
21. Look at the appearance
First of all, according to personal hobbies and functional requirements of the room and the required on-site layout, screen the floor tiles in terms of specifications, color, texture, etc.
Good quality floor tiles are of uniform size and thickness. The surface of the floor tiles is smooth and smooth, with no bubbles, no stains, no pitting, bright colors, even and shiny, no defects in the corners, 90-degree right angles, and no cracks. Deformation, clear pattern, good pressure resistance, not easy to damage.
Look at the quality. First, take out any piece from the packaging box to see if the surface is flat and intact. The glaze should be even, bright, without spots, missing glaze, or bumps, and the edges should be regular. If the glaze is dull, astringent, or has bubbles, it is a quality problem.
Depends on the level of rules. Take out a piece of brick and align the two pieces so that the gap in the middle is as small as possible.
If it is a pattern brick that requires four pieces to piece together a complete pattern, you should also check whether the pattern of the bricks is connected and clear. Put these bricks up one by one and compare whether the sizes of the bricks are consistent. The deviation is allowed to be plus or minus 1 mm for small bricks and plus or minus 2 mm for large bricks.
Look at the color difference. Take out all the bricks from a box and lay them flat on a large surface. Look at the entire effect from a distance. Regardless of white, other colors or patterns, the color should be consistent. If some bricks are darker or lighter, it will be ugly. Affect the entire decorative effect.
Second, look at the intrinsic quality
Appearance is the first step, and the second step is to detect the intrinsic quality of the ceramic tiles. Because whether it just looks good or not, it also depends on the hardness, wear resistance, and water absorption. These directly determine the service life of ceramic tiles and are some very critical factors. Hardness: Take one brick and knock it against another, or knock it with other hard objects. If the sound of the brick is crisp and loud, it means the brick is of good quality and cooked well; if the sound is abnormal, it means there is heavy skin or cracks in the brick. Phenomenon: Heavy leather means that when the bricks are formed, the air in the material is not discharged, resulting in poor bonding between the materials and internal cracks. It cannot be seen from the surface and can only be identified by listening to the sound. Wear resistance: Wear resistance cannot be determined based on senses alone. It may depend more on some technical indicators. Among many standards, the degree of matching (also called wear resistance) is an important judgment standard. It indicates the degree to which the tiles are easily worn. Generally speaking, it can be divided into five degrees:
Ⅰ Degree: Resistance It has the lowest wear rate and is generally used for displays, walls and places with minimal activity.
Degree Ⅱ: Ceramic tiles with a greater degree of wear resistance than grade Ⅰ. They are mainly used in environments without hard friction such as bathrooms and bedrooms.
Degree III: Moderate wear resistance, mainly used in places with a large amount of activity. Such as living room, kitchen, etc.
Degree IV: higher wear resistance. It is very suitable for use in foyers, corridors of luxury homes and public places.
V degree: There is no clear concept of the division of V degree. But in theory, it has super wear resistance and is generally used in non-home environments, such as airports, stations, etc. Water absorption: Water absorption is also a very important indicator during the use of ceramic tiles. The method to judge the water absorption rate of ceramic tiles is very simple. You only need to drop a drop of water on the back of the ceramic tiles and see how quickly it absorbs. Generally speaking, the faster the water absorption and penetration rate of ceramic tiles, the higher the water absorption rate, and vice versa. Generally speaking, ceramic tiles with low water absorption are denser and of better quality.
Selection criteria:
1. The selection of wall tiles should be measured based on important criteria such as surface flatness, verticality, and smoothness of the wall tiles
2. Europe There are many strict technical indicators in the standard: length error, right angle, edge angle, straightness, water absorption, bending strength, abrasion resistance, stain resistance, acid and alkali resistance
3. When purchasing When choosing floor tiles for the living room, you should refer to the square footage of the room. For example, if it is less than 30 square meters, you can choose units with a side length of 60cm or less; if it is larger than 30 square meters, you can use units with a side length of 80cm. This is worth noting because when customers enter the floor tile store, they will not have a sense of space at home, which will affect their judgment.
Color matching:
1. For a bathroom with a small area and poor lighting, dark and warm wall tiles are not suitable. Because dark wall tiles make people feel that the space is smaller, making the room appear darker; in addition, warm-colored wall tiles have a visual sense of moving forward, which will increase the sense of depression in the room. Therefore, this type of room usually uses light and cold color wall tiles
2. As the background of sanitary ware, wall tiles play a foil role.
Therefore, the brightness and chroma of the color are much lower than that of sanitary ware
3. Wall tiles should maintain a certain tone. Generally, the color of floor tiles is darker than that of wall tiles
4. The wall tiles in the bathroom should have subtle patterns, elegant colors, and vague features, and should not overwhelm the guest. The style of the kitchen wall tiles should be concise and lively, and should be coordinated with the style and color of the cabinets and cooking tables. The patterns should be simple and elegant, making the space more attractive. People feel clean and bright, and appropriately decorated with a few flower tiles
5. When purchasing floor tiles for kitchens, bathrooms, and balconies, choose wall tiles first, then floor tiles, and follow the principle of complex first and simplicity second. There are many colors available for floor tiles, which are relatively simple, while wall tiles can be divided into top and bottom tiles, and the matching is more complicated. Starting with complex and then simplifying will make your color matching more perfect.
Material selection
1. The choice of ceramic tile surface material depends on the home functional area it is applied to. If it is the wall of the kitchen and bathroom, you can choose a smooth glazed material, which is easy to clean. The bathroom floor needs to be made of non-slip matte material to avoid falling when wet. There is a surface material with a rag pattern on the market, which is non-slip and feels as comfortable as stepping on cloth. Representative brands include Zhengzhong Spanish tiles, Omega tiles, Abiani tiles, etc.
2. Matte Series: Special surface treatment makes the ceramic tiles without eye-catching reflections. The surface has a soft luster, delicate touch, and looks more elegant. Some matte series products can also be used on walls and floors. Coarse texture series: Coarse texture brings a retro style. The surface of this series of ceramic tiles is completely non-reflective and slightly concave and convex. The uneven coloring enhances this antique feeling. Some decorative lines and flower pieces are also made into relief effects, which are quite exquisite. Glossy undulating series: It is also glossy, but this type of ceramic tiles gives people new ideas. It turns out that their surfaces are undulating and each piece is different. The whole wall is paved with rich changes in light and shadow.
3. Ceramic tiles come in a variety of materials, including glazed tiles, full-body tiles, polished tiles, vitrified tiles, and mosaics. In larger spaces such as kitchens, the first choice is smooth or matte glazed tiles, which are very convenient to clean and can also create a "fashionable" effect. At present, many brands have matte glazed tiles in rich colors for consumers to choose from. Generally, women will prefer colors that are more transparent, such as the light colors of the Genzhong Building Materials Spanish series or the fruit-like gorgeousness of Badley, while men will prefer the subtle fashion sense of the Omega antique series, which also has a strong sense of style. Italian style.
It is best to choose a matte surface for the floor tile material to prevent the kitchen soup and water from making the floor too slippery, which may cause safety problems if you are not careful. Therefore, choosing anti-slip floor tiles is the first priority.
Paving method:
1. First, the wall tiles should be paved from bottom to top, and one wall cannot be pasted to the top at one time. The joints are generally 1~3 mm; Before pasting, the wall surface should be smoothed and cracks dealt with; third, the adhesive material should be applied in the middle slightly higher than the surrounding areas, and tap the surface with a rubber hammer to fix it. This can prevent air from accumulating in the adhesive layer. At the same time, the level test must be carried out; fourth, the bonding materials must be selected and appropriate. Generally, the ratio of wall cement to *** is 1:4, and the ratio of floor cement to *** is 1:3
2. The ground should be leveled. Some civil construction floors are uneven. In this case, you should pave the uneven areas with cement mortar. When laying, you can use tiles of different colors (darker) to frame the surroundings, and use lighter colors for the tiles inside the frame. Of course, the floors of the kitchen and toilet must be sloped to facilitate drainage.
3. Another thing to pay attention to when decorating ceramic tiles is the treatment of the waterproof layer. The walls in some places in the kitchen and toilet should be paid more attention to. Because replacing ceramic tiles usually destroys the original cement sand paddle waterproof layer. The remedy is to apply a layer of asphalt waterproofing before laying the tiles.
The gaps between the tiles should also be filled with white cement:
4. The tile surface should be laid flat, the angle should be accurate, and the interface should be aligned; the tiles should be soaked in water for half a day before use; the toilet floor should be properly Sloping surface, do not allow water to accumulate on the tile interface. Use rattan wire to brush the white cement after sweeping the white cement. Do not leave cement stains on the tile surface. After the floor tiles are completely laid, cover the tile surface with cardboard, etc., and wait for at least 24 hours before placing it on the tile surface. Walk on the brick surface;
5. First, sweep the surface clean and moist, and then use 1:3 cement mortar to make the base, 6 mm thick. The wall surface should be slightly furred, but must be smooth. To count the number of vertical and horizontal blocks, determine the horizontal divisions. After laying the foundation, start laying the tiles every 3-4 days. When laying ceramic tiles, first wet the wall with water, and place a footing board at the bottom of the bottom layer of tiles. The footing board must be kept horizontal and fixed. The tiles should be soaked in water in advance, taken out to dry slightly, and then attached upwards from the ruler board. Adding an appropriate amount of 3-4% 107 glue to 1:2 cement fine sand can improve the workability of the mortar. Slow down setting time. To facilitate application and prevent mortar from flowing. Apply mortar to the back of the tiles, stick it to the wall and gently tap the tile surface with a rubber mallet to pack in the mortar. After laying the bottom layer of tiles, place the ruler vertically as a vertical standard. When attaching, generally start from the outside corner so that the tiles that are not in one piece can be aligned with the seams. All vertical and horizontal joints must be aligned. The mortar on the brick surface should be wiped off while it is still wet. After pasting, rinse and wipe with clean water. The joints should be wiped dry with white cement. To lay ceramic tiles on a wall plastered with cement mortar, find the vertical and horizontal reference lines on the wall, calculate the number of layers, and then paste them with cement slurry mixed with 5-7% 107 glue. If the wall is very flat, first sweep it with pure cement slurry and start applying it while it is still wet. Because the bonding layer does not contain sand, it is very thin, only 2-3 mm thick, and is easy to flatten during bonding, so this is a very convenient and economical method.
6. Set the standard height of the ground
(1) On the clean ground, spread a layer of 1:3.5 cement mortar with a thickness of less than 10 mm.
(2) Use nylon thread or cotton rope to pull out the ground elevation line and the vertically crossing positioning line at the elevation point of the wall.
(3) Lay the tiles according to the location of the positioning line. Use 1:2 cement mortar to spread on the back of the tiles, then lay the tiles on the ground, and use a rubber hammer to hit the surface of the tiles to compact them with the ground and make the height consistent with the ground elevation line. When paving more than 8 pieces, use a spirit level to check the flatness, use a rubber hammer to knock the high parts flat, and remove the tiles from the low parts and use cement slurry to raise them. The laying procedure of ceramic tiles, for small rooms (area less than 40 square meters), is usually to make a T-shaped standard height surface. When the room area is large, a standard height surface is usually made in a cross shape in the center of the room, which can facilitate the construction of multiple people at the same time.
7. Paving a large surface
The construction of paving a large surface is carried out based on the paved standard height surface. When paving, it should be close to the paved standard height surface. Start construction and use the drawn straight lines to control the straightness of the tile seams. When laying, the cement slurry should be fully applied to the back of the tiles and hammered firmly with a rubber hammer to prevent hollowing. And use a level to check the correction while laying. And immediately wipe off the grout on the surface.
For the floor of bathrooms and washrooms, attention should be paid to a 1:500 water return slope when paving.
After the entire floor is paved, it will be cured for 2 days before caulking. When smearing the joints, mix the white cement into a dry mass and rub it on the gaps so that the seams of the tiles are filled with white cement, and then wipe the surface of the tiles clean.
8. 1. Construction preparation
1. Base treatment
1) Concrete wall treatment: Clean the construction surface with caustic soda water or other detergents Clean it, use 1:1 cement mortar to shake it into small naps, and after two days, apply it to the bottom layer of 1:3 cement mortar.
2) Brick wall treatment: Clean the construction surface, then wet the wall with clean water, and apply 1:3 cement mortar bottom layer.
3) Treatment of the old building surface: Clean the dirt on the original construction surface, and use hand chisels to treat this surface into a rough wall surface.
2. Ceramic tiles should be fully soaked in water before being laid to ensure that they are firmly laid.
2. Paving procedures and methods
Plastering on the base layer - plastering on the binding layer - elastic lines - tiling bricks - hook joints - cleaning
1. Plastering the base: This process should strictly control the verticality, and the rougher the surface, the better.
2. Plastering the bonding layer: One day after plastering the bottom layer, plaster it with 1:1.5 cement mortar.
3. Elastic thread division: Pay attention to leaving the special-shaped blocks in the inconspicuous inner corners or the lowest layer when elastic threads.
4. Paving of glazed tiles
1) Paving based on the grid lines, apply 1:2 cement mortar to the middle of the back of the tiles quickly with a ash spoon. Attached to the bonding layer.
2) During the ceramic tile laying process, use broken uranium tiles as two reference points outside the tile laying surface so that the flatness can be checked at any time during the laying process.
5. Hook seams: After the entire tile is laid, you should immediately wipe off the cement and other special cement slurry hook seams on the tile surface with a damp cloth.
6. Cleaning
9. Please pay attention to the size and color number indicated on the outer packaging. Only after using the same size and color number can you use adjacent sizes and color numbers. 2. Before paving, please wipe off the antifouling agent to reveal the pattern. For many directional patterns, the product should be paved according to the method shown in the diagram to achieve the best decorative effect.
3. Before paving the product, please follow the above method to spread out all the products to be paved on the open space in groups of every 10 square meters for observation. If there is obvious color difference, please stop using it immediately and contact the distribution unit.
4. Before paving, apply cement mortar to the floor or wall, and mark the lines according to the size of the bricks. When marking, leave a 3-5mm mortar joint to prevent the adhesive from interfacing with the bricks. Inconsistent body expansion coefficients may lead to adverse consequences.
5. It is recommended to use 525# cement slurry or a mixture of cement and tile adhesive before paving. It is not necessary to soak the bricks before laying them.
6. When paving the floor, it is best to pull two mutually perpendicular steps at a certain height from the smoothed and marked wall or ground, and use a level to make them level.
7. Take an appropriate amount of mortar on the main corner of the wall and level it to about 1CM thick. Then take the first brick and lay it flat on the mortar. Use a wooden hammer to gently tap it until it is firmly adhered and ensure the brick surface. and the edge is at an equal or perpendicular position to the pulled line, and the remaining bricks are laid in sequence until completion; after the slurry is slightly dry, use a wooden dowel or fine sand to place on the brick surface to clean the remaining slurry and surface.
8. After 12 hours of paving, the brick surface should be knocked to check. If there is any knocking sound, it should be re-paved. All bricks can be walked and scrubbed after 24 hours of completion. What issues should be paid attention to when eating soybeans?
Pay attention to cooking soybeans until they are well-cooked to facilitate digestion. Moreover, it is not advisable to eat too much, as it will cause indigestion and flatulence. What issues should you pay attention to when making anchor text links?
Its function is to guide the user to where the mouse click will point. Anchor text is a very important factor that affects website keyword rankings. Website anchor text links are divided into internal links and external links. 1. Many webmasters are reluctant to point the corresponding links to other websites not only for the anchor text in the site, thinking that it is a waste of weight. In fact, exporting links can reduce the bounce rate, and at the same time point to some authoritative websites, it is also friendly to the credibility of their own websites. If this doesn't work, we can add the nofollow tag to the export link. 2. The number of anchor text links is mainly divided into on-site and off-site anchor text. There can be a maximum of three anchor text links within the site, and the same anchor text link can only appear once (it is useless to have more links, generally the first time it appears is used as the anchor text); anchor text links outside the site are mainly for external links. This depends on the weight of the specific page (when making external links, you must follow four criteria: page relevance—gt; page weight—gt; desirable anchor text position—gt; and the number of export links). 3. Anchor text requirements: We are also very particular about the choice of anchor text in anchor text links. For the anchor text pointing to the homepage, we should pay attention to diversity; for the anchor text pointing to the inner page, we should pay attention to accuracy; in the other two cases, we should pay attention to relevance. sex.
4. When to use anchor text? Anchor text links can not be inserted into articles at any time. They can only be added at specific times, such as: browsing to a place that you don’t understand, browsing to a place that requires an expansion kit, and not finding the browsed one. Place etc. 5. Pay attention to correlation. The correlation here represents two levels. The correlation between the anchor text link and this page, do not insert anchor text randomly; the correlation between the anchor text link and the pointing page, one anchor text represents a page. What issues need to be paid attention to during urine examination
①Urine collection time: Generally speaking, urine discharged at any time can be submitted for examination. However, since the amount of urine excreted each time during the day is different and the amount of ingredients it contains is also different, and it is also affected by diet and physiological state, it will inevitably lead to greater differences in test results. Therefore, taking the first urine test in the morning is It is better to send fresh urine for examination. ② Urine specimen collection method: Urine specimens must be discharged directly into a clean container, and care should be taken not to bring other non-urine components into the urine. Therefore, women should not collect urine during menstruation to avoid mixing with menstrual blood. To avoid contamination, mid-section urine testing can be performed. ③Storage of urine specimens: Urine should be sent for examination immediately after discharge, and the storage time should not exceed 2 hours. If urine specimens are stored for too long, the formed components in the urine may be destroyed or changed, affecting the test results. ④Volume of urine specimen: Generally, routine urine examination or urinalysis requires 5 to 10 ml. If urine specific gravity is to be checked, it should be no less than 50 ml.