To put it simply, Taekwondo is a martial art that fights with opponents with bare hands and protects oneself without any weapons. To be more specific, Taekwondo is a method and technique to exercise hands, feet and various parts of the body through intense mental and physical training for self-defense. Taekwondo not only pays attention to strength and skills, but also emphasizes strict discipline, superb skills and strong spiritual education to cultivate a unique martial art with a sense of justice, fortitude and courage. Therefore, real Taekwondo people are essentially different from those specious Taekwondo people. They only learn the extremely limited skills used in fighting and are satisfied with pleasing the audience in the competition field. It can be said that this is one of the reasons why Taekwondo is called the art of body protection. Taekwondo not only teaches people the way of thinking and living, but also cultivates people's restraint and lofty personality. So many people say that it is almost a martial art of faith. Literally, Taekwondo means: Taekwondo, which means kicking and stepping with your feet. Boxing means stabbing or breaking with the fist.

This means that ancient sages paved the way for progress, that is, spiritual cultivation. In a word, protect yourself with your bare hands. It is true that Taekwondo applies jumping, kicking, stabbing, blocking, hiding and other actions to the goal of the activity in a timely and local way, and gives people who are physically weak the strength and self-confidence to defeat powerful enemies after scientific training by giving them the skills of maximum blow and martial arts of spiritual cultivation. But if used improperly, it is tantamount to using a murder weapon. Therefore, we must always emphasize spiritual education and not abuse it.

If you rush out of this misunderstanding and boldly attack or fight back, you will realize that your opponent is not as terrible as you think.

2.

Taekwondo, Tae, means kicking and hitting with your feet; Right, with his fist; Tao is an artistic method. Taekwondo is an artistic method of using fists and feet. It is a kung fu with footwork as the mainstay, and footwork accounts for 70%. There are 24 sets of taekwondo routines; In addition, there are weapons, capture, lock and fall, self-defense and anti-disassembly, and so on 10. Taekwondo is a Korean martial art developed from East Asian culture. It is based on the oriental mind and inherits a long tradition. It is based on the martial spirit of "starting with ceremony and ending with ceremony".

Today's Taekwondo is not only an aggressive method, but also an exquisite body art and fitness method. Technology and control are the basic qualities that taekwondo learners must possess. Every skill is exciting and competitive. Taekwondo is unarmed training, which cultivates perseverance and explosiveness, and trains boxers how to protect themselves with one punch and one foot in a proper environment. It can turn hands and feet into awesome weapons, and when you attack wholeheartedly, it can often produce amazing destructive power that one blow will kill. This force is the result of the combined action of internal and external work. Taekwondo uses the activities of bones, muscles and joints to regulate the body, so it is a whole-body exercise. Taekwondo moves are adapted to people's physiological characteristics, and the training process has a reasonable stage, so it is rigorous and scientific. Its training procedure can be summarized as: introspection-judgment-courage-self-confidence-self-defense-self-reliance-independence-composure-leadership-courage-cooperation-patriotism. After learners master the basic techniques and routines of Taekwondo, they can learn free fighting. And through mutual tempering and sweat, we can establish a sincere trust relationship with each other, which is not only focused on physical protection technology. It not only cultivates indomitable and outstanding spiritual strength to protect the country and people, but also has an activity to exercise the spirit of humility and tolerance. This kind of confrontation is very dangerous. Both sides must wear protective gear during confrontation practice or competition to protect important parts of the body. Taekwondo is fierce and tough, and it is very dangerous to do experiments on people. Therefore, experts use bricks or boards to show their skills, and often throw the target into the air, then jump up and break it.

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The Origin and History of Taekwondo

Ancient taekwondo

In primitive society, most Korean people lived a family farming life, supplemented by hunting in their spare time. In order to get food and resist the invasion of foreign forces and the attack of wild animals, people have gradually developed some methods of exercising and participating in combat through repeated practice. These instinctive inventions gradually evolved into purposeful and conscious fighting activities in the process of social evolution, forming the embryonic form of ancient Taekwondo. At that time, the purpose of people's fighting skills was not only to get food, resist invasion and wild animals, but also to participate in fighting skills activities. It is recorded in history books, which shows that fighting skills were quite popular at that time.

The Forms of Taekwondo in Korea during the Three Kingdoms Period

Koguryo, Silla and Baekje coexisted during the Three Kingdoms period on the Korean Peninsula. Around the first century BC, the Three Kingdoms rose one after another. Koguryo is in the north of the Korean peninsula, Silla is in the southeast and Baekje is in the southwest. In order to compete for territory, there were four disputes, so the form of Taekwondo developed rapidly during this period to meet the needs of war. According to ancient records, "Taekwondo refers to the flexible use of hands and feet to exercise limbs and body, which is the basis of martial arts." Fencing is based on the operation of knocking down an opponent with bare hands. It can be seen that the martial arts practitioners at that time were able to use their hands and feet flexibly to defeat their opponents and become excellent soldiers. Koguryo, Silla and Baekje all had different names for Taekwondo at that time.

Taekwondo in Silla era

Silla is weak and surrounded by powerful countries on all sides, but it lasts the longest among the three countries. Silla realized the value of martial arts because of Goguryeo's invasion. The youth Wushu group named "Hua", founded by, takes "loyalty to the monarch, filial piety, making friends with friends, fighting without retreating, preferring death to surrender" as its purpose, and organizes young people to get together and practice martial arts. This system has created a group of brave warriors, defended Silla and laid a solid foundation for the reunification of the three countries. There are many historical qualifications that prove that martial arts are widely popular in Silla, such as the records of taekwondo forms in the Records of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, The History of the Three Kingdoms and Ancient Events.

Baekje dynasty taekwondo relics

Baekje was the weakest of the three countries at that time, and there were written records or relics about Taekwondo about Gaohe Silla in historical materials. This competitive way is similar to Taekwondo today and can be considered as the embryonic form of Taekwondo. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Baekje Wanwang mostly asked people all over the country to learn martial arts such as equestrian, archery and Taekwondo (primitive Taekwondo) in order to admire martial arts. At that time, there was also a record of "beating the arm" in historical materials, and various techniques were widely used by the military and civilians.

Taekwondo in the Korean era

North Korea is a unified country, and established diplomatic relations on the Korean Peninsula in 9 18. North Korea's Zhong likes hand boxing very much, so he wants the army to practice hand boxing with Taekwondo characteristics. Soldiers often beat walls, blocks and bricks with their fists to sharpen their attack ability. King Zhonghui also invited Jin Zhenying, a soldier with superb martial arts, to perform hand-to-hand combat skills in the palace. The ruling and opposition parties highly praised the "hand-to-hand combat" skills, which greatly boosted the reputation of Taekwondo and was loved by the general public, and was stipulated as a compulsory item for military training. According to the history of Korea, hand-to-hand combat is one of the competitive events that Koreans generally like.

Taekwondo in the Korean era

In a.d. 1392, the Koryo dynasty was replaced by the dynasty established by Li Chenggui and named Korea. Buddhism was recommended in the Korean era, emphasizing literature over martial arts. During this period, North Korea's Taekwondo technology was not valued by the government, but the initial technical activities of Taekwondo, such as "hand fighting" and "Taekwondo heel", never stopped among the people. At the same time, the army also uses "hand-to-hand combat" and "Tae-to-heel" as methods to select soldiers. If a person wants to become a military attache, he must beat more than three people in the competition with "hand-to-hand combat" or "Tae-to-heel" skills.

Modern taekwondo

In A.D. 19 10, after Japan invaded Korea, a colonial government was established, and all cultural activities in Korea were once banned. During this period, Taekwondo skills disappeared in North Korea, and only Taekwondo artists who fled to Japan and China merged with Japanese and China's martial arts, which enriched and developed Taekwondo and gradually formed a new Taekwondo technical system. After the Second World War, South Korea became independent, and the country's political and social outlook changed with each passing day, and self-defense rose again accordingly. Many Koreans who were forced to stay in foreign countries have also returned to their hometowns. At the same time, they also brought the martial arts techniques of various countries back to their own countries, and further integrated these techniques with taekwondo techniques, gradually forming the basic system of modern taekwondo.

Close your eyes and blink.

Newcomers who have just come into contact with Taekwondo will inevitably have some problems when they transition from sparring and other exercises to free combat. Don't be discouraged, because closing your eyes and blinking is the most common problem for beginners of taekwondo. Blinking eyes is an instinctive protective response of human body in daily life, which can protect eyes.

However, in the actual combat of Taekwondo, we must overcome this instinctive habit, always stare at the opponent, master the opponent's movements, and see the opponent's attack or counterattack clearly, so as to effectively organize the counterattack or attack. Therefore, novices should pay attention to eye training at ordinary times. Don't blink and close your eyes in actual combat, stare at a point on your opponent's body and observe his whole body with the corner of his eye. With the increase of practice times and correct efforts, you will certainly be able to develop a pair of discerning eyes in the actual combat of Taekwondo in Qi Fei.

It is normal to be afraid of approaching your opponent. Any taekwondo master has come from this stage. After this stage of practice, you will have greater confidence in life and perseverance to overcome difficulties. This is also a common problem for beginners.

As long as the opponent moves, he will run quite far, will not move to both sides, and even dare not approach the opponent to use tricks for fear of being hit by the opponent. At this rate, there won't be much progress. The reason is that if you don't get close to your opponent, you will never hit him, and you will only learn how to escape. There are two reasons for this phenomenon: first, they lack confidence in themselves and dare not use their unique skills; The other is that under the prescribed conditions, without actual combat practice, I don't know how to crack my opponent's attack at close range. People with this problem can practice more actual combat under conditions, gradually adapt to close combat and gradually get rid of this problem.

Some Taekwondo practitioners dare not give full play to their skills in the real double confrontation, and the other side dares not fight back when attacking, fearing that they will fail to fight back; When the other party has a flaw, they dare not attack, fearing that this is a trap set by the other party, and so on. This psychological concern has caused them to be timid in their actions, afraid to play their skills, and the result is very passive. This phenomenon is largely not due to technical reasons, but to too many doubts. They think their opponents are too strong. If you rush out of this misunderstanding and boldly attack or fight back, you will realize that your opponent is not as terrible as you think.

Characteristics of Taekwondo

Legs are dominant, hands are secondary, and main joints are weaponized.

The dominant technique in Taekwondo is the leg technique, which accounts for about 3/4 in the overall application, because the length and strength of the leg are the longest and largest in the human body, followed by the hand. Leg moves are varied, which can be high or low, near or far, left or right, straight or soft, and can be rotated or turned, which is extremely threatening and is an effective and practical method to defeat the enemy. Secondly, the technique, the flexibility of the arm is very good, the defensive and offensive movements can be controlled freely, and the synchronous propulsion can also be changed into various usages of boxing, palm, elbow and shoulder for actual combat. In actual combat of Taekwondo, some major joints of the human body can also be used as offensive weapons, or in defensive combat, some major joints of the human body can also be used as offensive weapons or defensive shields. This is the essence of Taekwondo technology, such as the joints of hands, elbows, knees and feet, and it is the most commonly used and effective combat weapon in Taekwondo.

This method is simple, straightforward and less evasive. Whether in competition or in actual combat, the attack mode of Taekwondo is very simple and effective.

During the confrontation, the two sides draw direct contact and directly hit each other with simple and tough methods, which changes a lot; The operation of defense is also based on direct blocking, followed by continuous counterattack. When defending, we seldom dodge to prevent diseases and abide by the law. We just come and go, try to keep or shorten the distance between the two sides as much as possible, ensure the effectiveness of the attack, win the game or fight.

Internal and external training, unique methods, test the skill level.

Taekwondo theory holds that after special training, human joints can produce incredible strength, especially fists, elbows, knees, feet, especially feet and hands. Practicing Taekwondo for a long time can achieve the degree of integration of internal and external forces, that is, the peak of integration of internal and external forces. Because it is impossible to determine the power and potential of weaponization of human joints, the skill level of practitioners can only be measured by hitting objects such as boards and bricks. Skill testing is an important part of Taekwondo training level, promotion examination, performance and competition, which embodies the unique skills and characteristics of Taekwondo.

The function of Taekwondo is to cultivate self-cultivation and cultivate people's excellent will quality.

Taekwondo practice advocates the martial spirit of "starting with ceremony and ending with ceremony", with the purpose of "courtesy, integrity and perseverance". Therefore, it can cultivate people's indomitable and hard-working spirit, temper people's perseverance and positive quality, cultivate people's humility and generosity, cultivate people's thoughts of loving the motherland and being brave in dedication, and cultivate excellent builders for society and the country.

Strengthen self-defense and cultivate a healthy body. Taekwondo is intense and antagonistic, which can strengthen bones and muscles, improve the spirituality of each joint and the ability of stretching and contracting muscles, improve the quality of speed, reaction, agility, strength and endurance, improve the function of internal organs and the flexibility of human nervous system, and enhance the ability of hitting and fighting. Through offensive and defensive exercises, you can learn to master practical skills and self-defense skills, and learn real skills for protecting your own safety and maintaining social justice.

Watch the game and enjoy the beauty of hitting the ball. In Taekwondo competition or actual combat, from top to bottom, both sides' leg skills in confrontation can not only give people beautiful enjoyment, but also inspire people's fighting spirit, inspire people's enterprising spirit, cultivate people's moral sentiments, and make people receive good will quality education while enjoying it.

Etiquette in Taekwondo

The "etiquette" in Taekwondo is the concrete embodiment of the basic spirit of Taekwondo. Taekwondo practice is carried out in the form of fighting, but no matter how intense, because both sides aim to improve their skills and temper their quality, they should hold the psychology of showing respect and learning to each other in their own hearts. Therefore, we must salute each other before and after practice or competition, that is, Taekwondo is a comprehensive exercise for practitioners' spirit and body, so that practitioners can cultivate their ideal personality and body through hard training and truly master the skills of self-defense. Therefore, the education and edification of "etiquette" must be brought into the mental exercise of practitioners.

Etiquette is an essential and very important part of Taekwondo. Etiquette is an essential code of conduct in taekwondo practice. People who practice Taekwondo should have a correct attitude towards practice and understanding, and have a comprehensive understanding and understanding of the history, content, characteristics, functions and educational significance of Taekwondo.

Dress appropriately and have neat hair when practicing, and show respect, obedience, modesty, mutual assistance and mutual learning to coaches and companions. Modest and correct words, modest and friendly attitude, and modest and studious style are also important etiquette in taekwondo practice.

Etiquette is not only a formal expression, but also a heartfelt execution. In the process of long-term practice and competition, the form of etiquette is gradually transformed into psychological motivation. The most common way to express etiquette is to salute the coach and peers.

The specific requirements of the salute action are: stand upright facing the other party, lean forward 15 degrees, and lean forward 45 degrees. At this point, your hands are close to your legs and your heels are close together. During training, after entering the gymnasium, salute the national flag in a correct posture, and then salute them in the order of curator, coach and elder. Always act in a quiet atmosphere in the gym; Take care of your clothes and other items; During the exercise, if the clothes are loose, stop the exercise, turn to the national flag, the national flag and the coach, and then turn back to the original direction after finishing the direction.

After training, whether speaking at school or at home, eating, making phone calls, introducing others or visiting relatives and friends, we should follow certain etiquette, bring etiquette awareness to all aspects of life, study and work of practitioners, and exercise their moral qualities of courtesy, generosity, respect and humility.

Taekwondo rules

The basic idea of Taekwondo is that people who practice this sport must cultivate their self-cultivation, put moral education first and exercise skills second. This sport is an interesting combination of strict etiquette and strict etiquette. On the one hand, Taekwondo originated from the elegant etiquette of Korean traditional society, and the opponent's head and body bowed gracefully in front of him at a prescribed angle. On the other hand, the rules require athletes to wear protective gear on the body and head, and suggest wearing protective gear on groin, forearm and tibia as part of the balance. Hands and feet are equally important for offense and defense. After all, hands and feet must block the "trademark" of this sport-combined kicking.

compete

Taekwondo competition consists of two sides-"middle" (blue) and "red" (red). Both sides score points by kicking each other in the head and body or boxing. The competition is divided into three rounds, each round is three minutes, and there is a rest time of 1 minute between the two rounds. Players can win by knocking out their opponents and getting the highest score, so that their opponents will be fined up to 3 points or disqualified.

Before the start of the game, after the referee gave the instructions of "cha-ryeot" and "kyeong-rye" respectively, both sides stood at attention and bowed to each other, and then the referee shouted "Shi-jak"! Announce the start of the game.

score

Every reasonable attack will be scored. The following are reasonable attacks:

A. hit the opponent's scoring position. The scoring position includes not only the head, but also the abdomen and both sides of the body, all of which are marked on the opponent's protective gear. It is forbidden to hit your opponent below the abdomen.

B. hit the opponent with the body parts allowed by the rules. You must hit each other with the front of the index finger and middle finger of the correctly clenched fist or under the ankle joint.

If at least two of the three referees recognize and record the hit, the score is valid.

Break the rules

Fouling is an important factor in taekwondo competition, not only because being fined 3 points-extremely rare in high-level competitions-means automatic failure. Only 1 penalty points can determine the outcome of the game.

There are two kinds of taekwondo fouls: Kyong-go and gam-jeom. Kyong-go, the most common foul, or warning means a penalty of 0.5 points, but if there is only one such foul, it is not a penalty, unless it is fouled again, the cumulative penalty is 1 point. If a player grabs, hugs, pushes his opponent, dodges to turn his back on his opponent, pretends to be injured, etc. Jing Guo was awarded.

Another more serious foul, called gam-jeom, will be fined 1 point. Typical fouls include throwing the opponent, deliberately putting his feet down when he leaves the ground, deliberately attacking the opponent's back and hitting the opponent's face with his hand. knock down

After the player was knocked down, the referee began to time like a boxing match 10 second. In taekwondo competition, if one side touches the ground except the sole of the foot due to the strength of the opponent, it is judged to be knocked down. When the player is unwilling or unable to continue the game, the referee can also start timing.

Once the knockout occurs, the referee calls "kal-yeo" to mean "pause", instructing the opponent to stand back, and the referee starts counting from 1 to 10 in Korean. Even if the knocked-down player stands up and wants to continue the game, he must wait for the referee to count down to 8 or "yeo-dul", and then the referee decides whether the player can continue the game. If it can't continue the game, the other side wins by knockout.

winner

In other competitions except the final, if it ends in a draw, the team with the highest score wins. If the two sides are still tied, the referee will decide which side is superior in three three-minute matches according to the initiative shown by both sides in the game. If it is a gold medal final, the two sides will play the fourth round, that is, the sudden death round, and the first scorer will win. If no one scores, the referee will decide the final winner by judging who is dominant in this round. heavyweight

In the World Taekwondo Championship, men and women are divided into eight traditional levels, which became the official event for the first time in 2000.

At the Sydney Olympic Games, men and women were divided into four levels:

Equipment under 58kg, 49kg, 68kg, 57kg, 80kg, 67kg, 80kg and 67kg for men and women:

Competition area

The competition venue is a square venue with an area of 12 square meters, which is built on a platform about 1 m above the ground and covered with elastic mats. For safety reasons, the sides of the platforms on both sides of the field are slightly inclined to the ground. The center of the field is a blue square area of 8 square meters, and the outside is a red warning area to remind players that they are approaching the sideline or platform edge.

Once the player's feet enter the warning zone, the referee will automatically suspend the game. Deliberately entering the warning zone can be judged as Jingge, and deliberately crossing the sideline will be judged as Ganquan.

protective gowns

Taekwondo is an all-round physical contact sport, which requires participants to wear protective clothing and protective gear in the head, body, forearm, tibia, groin and other parts. Before the competition, all the contestants should be inspected to ensure that they are wearing the specified protective equipment. Other rules:

A. If there is more than one foul at the same time, the referee will take the heavier one as the standard.

B. If both sides are knocked down and cannot recover after counting to 10, the one with the highest score before knocking down wins.

C. If a player commits a foul immediately after scoring, it can be judged that his score is invalid, such as intentionally falling (a tactic to avoid being hit).

D. Players who fall to the ground after being hit in the head are not allowed to participate in the competition for 30 years.

Competition form:

Taekwondo competition in Sydney Olympic Games will be held in a single knockout round until the final champion and runner-up finals. The bronze medal is decided in a more complicated way. All the players who lost to the two finalists have another chance to participate in the second level and decide the bronze medal. The two losers in the semi-final went straight to the second stage. All the other players who lost to the two finalists had a single elimination match in the original group, and the two winners got the remaining two semi-final seats. The winner of each group crossed the semi-finals with the loser of the other group, and the two winners competed for the bronze medal.

qualifications

* * * There are 100 athletes-52 athletes and 48 female athletes will compete for the first taekwondo medal in Sydney Olympic Games. 1999 in July, Croatia Olympic Games special qualifiers, the top four in each group got Olympic tickets. In addition, the top two in each level of Asian, European, Pan American and other regional qualifiers and the first place in each level of African qualifiers will also receive Olympic tickets. As the host country, Australia won a seat for each level. Each level of men's competition has a wild card, which makes the total number of male and female players different.

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Grading standards and differences of taekwondo.

Taekwondo, like judo and Go, uses position to express knowledge, technical level and skills of Taekwondo. Taekwondo is divided into ten grades and nine grades according to the level of practitioners. Beginners gradually grow from level 10 to level 1, and then re-enter level 1. The higher the level, the higher the level, up to nine. Ten to one is the standard for beginners. Among them, 10 to grade 7 beginners are white belts, and grade 3 1 is red belts. After entering the section, all the black-waisted guests said that the first to third sections of the quilt are considered as beginners of black belt, the fourth to sixth sections are considered as advanced positions, and the seventh to ninth sections are awarded to outstanding people with high knowledge and accomplishments or people who have made outstanding contributions to Taekwondo. Hacker's segments are distinguished by special marks on the hacker.

The promotion standards and requirements of Taekwondo

From the beginning to set foot in Taekwondo, there are certain requirements for practitioners' learning content, time and assessment standards. According to the specific requirements of international taekwondo and world taekwondo, the promotion is basically evaluated according to the following standards.