I. venue and equipment

II. Non-technical regulations

III. Technical regulations

IV. Principles of implementing rules

V. Cooperation among referees

VI. New volleyball rules: free players

Volleyball rules are composed of technical regulations, non-technical regulations and requirements for venue and equipment. The rules of venue equipment, competition methods and the number of participants stipulate that volleyball is different from other sports. The rights and responsibilities of the participants, the interruption and delay of the game, the bad behavior of the players and other rules stipulate that the volleyball participants must play in a fair and ethical environment. A large number of clear technical definitions in the rules are the core of volleyball and the basic content we must master. With the continuous development of volleyball and the needs of many objective conditions, the rules gradually relax and tend to be simple in terms of technical requirements. This will make it easier for people to understand the rules and volleyball.

I. venues and equipment for volleyball matches

I. venues

volleyball venues include competition areas and barrier-free areas. The competition area is a rectangle with a length of 18 meters and a width of 9 meters, and its periphery is at least 3 meters wide, which is a rectangular and symmetrical barrier-free area, and there is at least 7 meters of barrier-free space from the ground. The obstacle area outside the sideline of the international competition field is at least 5 meters, at least 9 meters behind the end line, and the barrier-free space above it is at least 12.5 meters.

(2) the area of the playing field

1. The playing field

is divided into two equal playing fields with a length of 9 meters and a width of 9 meters by the center line of the center line.

2. Front court

Draw an attack line (including its width) 3 meters away from the center line of the center line in each court. Between the center line and the attack line is the frontcourt area.

3. substitution area

between the extension lines of the two offensive lines, the range outside the sideline on one side of the recording table is the substitution area.

4. service area

outside the end lines on both sides, on the extension lines of the two sideline lines, draw two short lines with a length of 15 cm and a vertical distance of 2 cm, and the service area is between the two short lines. The depth of the service area extends to the terminal of the barrier-free area.

5. Preparation activity area

At the far end of the bench outside the two barrier-free areas, draw a 3×3 meter square area as the preparation activity area.

(III) Requirements of the playing field

1. Ground

The ground of the playing field must be flat, level and uniform, and there must be no hidden dangers that may hurt the players. No hard objects should be used as the boundary of the playing field, and no games should be played on rough and wet ground. The ground of the world competition can only be made of wood or composite.

2. Boundaries

All boundaries of the site are 5cm wide, and their widths are included in each site.

3. Color

The floor of the indoor competition venue must be light. The color of the boundary line should be a light color different from that of the ground. The boundary of the world competition field is white, and the competition field and barrier-free area are different colors respectively.

4. Temperature and humidity and lighting

The minimum indoor temperature shall not be lower than 1 degrees Celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit). Illumination is 1 ~ 15 lux. The indoor temperature of world competitions should not be higher than 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit) and lower than 16 degrees Celsius (61 degrees Fahrenheit). The humidity shall not be higher than 6%.

(IV) Equipment and equipment for the match

In addition to the net post, net, sign belt, sign pole and match ball specified in the rules, the equipment for the volleyball match should also be prepared as follows:

1. Bench for the team

The length of the bench can seat at least 9 people.

2. Recording desk

Generally, there are two people on the recording desk, one is the official recorder and the other is the assistant recorder. Generally, only one recorder and one announcer are seated at the recording desk in domestic competitions.

3. Referee table

The referee table should be able to rise and fall, and the lower part should be covered with a protective sleeve to prevent the players from being injured when saving the ball.

4. measuring net ruler

the length of measuring net ruler should be more than 2.5 meters, and marks should be drawn at the height of men's net of 2.43 meters and women's net of 2.24 meters, and another mark should be drawn at the height of 2 cm above these two heights. Because the rules stipulate that the height of the net at two places shall not exceed 2 cm of the specified net height.

5. Barometer

The rules stipulate that the air pressure of match balls is .4 ~ .45 kg/cm2, and the air pressure of all match balls must be the same.

6. Ball and Rack for Competition

During the international competition, five competition balls are required to be placed on the Rack, and the competition adopts the three-ball system.

7. Scorer

The scorer can not only display the scores of both sides, but also display the times of suspension and substitution.

8. Substitution cards

Substitution cards are No.1 ~ No.18, and the colors of the two pairs should be different and packed in boxes.

9. Mops

Six 1-meter-wide mops are needed for the floor sweepers during the competition.

1. Small towels

At least ten small towels are needed for quick floor sweepers and pickers, with a minimum of 4 cm square and a maximum of 4 cm× 8 cm.

11. Air pump

When the ball pressure is insufficient, it is used for air flushing.

12. Buzzer

It's best for coaches and recorders to use.

13. Forms

include record forms, location forms, report cards and forms for broadcasters.

(1) the clothes of the players

The clothes of the players include tops, shorts and sports shoes. Jackets, shorts and socks must be uniform, neat and of the same color. In international competitions, the colors of the shoes of all team members must be the same, but the trademarks can be different. The number of the coat must be 1 ~ 18, and the color of the number must be obviously different from that of the coat. The front number should be at least 1 cm high, the back number should be at least 15 cm high, and the number stroke width should be at least 2 cm.

(2) Articles forbidden to wear

Players are forbidden to wear articles that may cause injuries and are conducive to artificial strength. You can wear glasses for the game, but you are responsible for all the consequences.

(III) Basic Rights of Participants

1. Captain

The captain should sign the scoreboard before the competition and draw lots on behalf of the team. The winner of the lottery can choose to serve or receive the service, or the court. The captain will be the captain when he is on the field. Only the captain of the field can talk to the referee when the ball is dead. The captain of the field can ask for an explanation of the rules and the implementation of the rules, a normal game break (pause and substitution), permission to change clothes or equipment, check the positions of players on both sides, and check the floor, net and ball. At the end of the game, he will sign the score sheet to acknowledge the result of the game.

2. Coaches

Coaches should check the names and numbers of the players on the scoreboard and sign them before the game. Before the start of each game, you should fill in the position table and hand it over to the recorder or the second referee after signing it. During the game, he should sit on the team bench near the recorder's end. He can guide the players on the field, but he must sit on the team bench or in the warm-up area, and shall not interfere with or delay the game.

3. Replacement of players

Each team can replace up to six players in each game. One player leaves the playing field and another player takes his place as one player. You can replace one or more people at the same time in a substitution. Substitutes can only play once in each game. If a player is injured and can't continue to play, he must be replaced legally. If legal replacement is impossible, special replacement can be adopted. If a player is punished or disqualified, he must be replaced legally. If it is impossible to make a legal replacement, the team will be judged to be incomplete, and the team with incomplete lineup will keep its scores and the number of games.

4: Game break

Normal game breaks are pause and substitution. When the game is a dead ball, before the referee whistles to serve, the coach or the captain of the field requests a break with the corresponding gesture. One or two pauses can be continuous with one substitution of each side, without going through the competition process. The same team may not make consecutive requests for substitution without going through the competition, but two or more players may be replaced in the same substitution request. A time-out is 3 seconds, but in the world competition, the technical time-out method is adopted, that is, when the score reaches 5 points and 1 points, it is a technical time-out for 1 minute, and in each game, the team has another chance to time-out for 3 seconds. During the time-out, the players must leave the competition area and go to the barrier-free area near the team seat.

5. Delaying the game

The behaviors of delaying the game are: changing people to delay the time; Delay the time-out after the referee whistles to resume the game; Requesting illegal replacement, and making an irregular request again in the same bureau; The players on the field delayed the game. Delaying the game is a team foul. If the game is delayed for the first time in the same game, it should be given a delay warning, and if it appears again, it will be given a delay penalty.

6. Bad behaviors

Bad behaviors of team members towards referees, opposing players, spectators or team members can be divided into four categories according to their offensive degree.

(1) unethical behavior: the participants in the competition argue about the referee's judgment and intimidate the opposing team members.

(2) Rude behavior: The behavior of the participants in the competition violates moral principles and adopts uncivilized behavior, which is insulting to the referee, the opposing team members and the audience.

(3) Offensive behavior: Slander the referee, the opposing team member or the audience with insulting language and posture.

(4) Infringement: the act of attempting to infringe on the referee, the opposing team member or the audience.

(1) Serving

The server must throw up the ball or evacuate the ball holder within 5 seconds of the first referee's whistle, and hit the ball with one hand or any part of his arm before it hits the ground. If the ball lands without touching the server, it is considered as an attempt to serve. After the service attempt, the first referee should whistle in time to allow another service, and the server must serve the ball within 3 seconds after whistling again. The server shall not step on the ground outside the court (including the end line) or the service court when hitting the ball or taking off the ball. After hitting the ball, you can step on or land in the court or outside the service court. An attempt to serve is allowed at each serve.

(2) players' positions on the court

When the server hits the ball, both players must stand in two rows in the court, with three players in each row. The server is not limited by the position on the court. The position of the players is determined according to the landing position of their feet. Each front-row player has at least a part of one foot, which is closer to the center line than the back-row players in the same row. Each right (left) player has at least a part of one foot, which is closer to the right (left) sideline of the court than the feet of the middle player in the same row. At the moment when the server hits the ball, the landing position of the player's foot on the court must meet its position requirements. After serving, the players can be in any position in the field and the barrier-free area.

(3) Crossing under the net

Players are allowed to cross under the net and enter the opponent's space without hindering the opponent's game. One foot or both feet of a player are allowed to cross the center line and touch the opponent's court, while a part of the foot also touches the center line or is placed above the center line. No other part of a player's body is allowed to touch the opponent's court except his feet. After the game is interrupted, players can enter the opponent's field.

(4) Touching the net

The new rules stipulate that touching the net is a foul, but it is not a foul for a player to touch the net occasionally without trying to hit the ball. The so-called no attempt to hit the ball means that the hitting action and the hitting attempt have been completed. If you touch the net occasionally after completing the spike or cover spike, it is not a foul.

(5) Offensive batting

Offensive batting refers to all other shots directed at the opponent except serving and blocking. When the whole ball passes through the vertical plane of the net or touches the opposing player, the offensive stroke is completed. The players in the front row can finish attacking the ball at any height, but they must be in the field when touching the ball. The players in the back row are allowed to hit the ball at any height in the backcourt, but their feet are not allowed to step on or cross the offensive line when taking off, and they can land in the frontcourt after hitting the ball. If the players in the back row finish attacking the ball in the frontcourt, a part of the ball must be lower than the top edge of the net when touching the ball.

(6) Blocking

Blocking refers to the action that a player approaches the net and reaches over the net to block the opponent's ball.

the blocking action that touches the ball completes the blocking. Only the front players are allowed to block, and the back players are not allowed to block. If the players in the back row block the ball back, it is a foul. If you block the ball to your own court, it will be your team's first stroke. Blocking and touching the ball by the front row players is not counted as a stroke of the team, so the team can hit the ball three times after blocking. When blocking, a player may put his hand or arm across the net, but it shall not affect the opponent's stroke. The ball should be touched after the opponent's offensive stroke is completed. In a blocking action, the ball is allowed to touch one or more blockers quickly and continuously.

(7) hitting the ball in the game

The rules stipulate that any part of a player's body is allowed to touch the ball. However, the ball must be hit, not caught or thrown, and the ball can rebound in any direction. If a player violates the above regulations, it will be judged as holding the ball.

The rules stipulate that the ball must touch different parts of the body at the same time. If the ball touches different parts of the player's body successively, it is a combo foul. However, in the blocking action, the same player or different players in the same block are allowed to touch the ball continuously in a single action. In the first stroke of the team, different parts of the players' bodies are allowed to touch the ball continuously in the same stroke. The first stroke refers to receiving the serve, receiving the offensive stroke, receiving the ball stopped by our side and receiving the ball stopped by the other side. When the team hits the ball for the second and third time, it is not allowed to touch different parts of the body continuously.

although the rules are composed of the above three parts, they are a whole. While mastering the contents of each part, we should organically combine the contents of the three parts. Only in this way can we better understand the rules, understand the rules, and even better implement the rules.

The referee is the person who enforces the rules. To apply the rules correctly, the referee must fully understand the rules and apply the rules decisively and correctly in the whole process of the game. The referee must first know the principle basis of the formation of the rules, especially when a situation that is not clearly stated in the rules occurs, the referee should be able to make a correct judgment, as stipulated in Rule 26.2.3, "He has the right to decide all issues related to the game, including those not specified in the rules". Only on the basis of fully understanding the principles of rule formation can the referee