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What's the difference between Madrid trademark and EU trademark?
Two different systems.

EU trademark registration refers to the registration method of applying for registration protection in all EU countries through the internal market coordination bureau under the EU. As the EU is a unified market, the trademark registered as "EU" will be protected in all EU member states. At present, the EU has 28 member states.

The 28 member countries include Austria, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, Sweden, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, Britain, Finland, Ireland, Portugal, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania, Malta, Cyprus, Latvia, Bulgaria, Romania and Croatia.

There are two ways for an applicant to apply for a registered trademark abroad:

One is to register one country by one, that is, to apply for registration with the trademark authorities of various countries respectively;

One is the international registration of Madrid trademarks, that is, according to the provisions of the madrid agreement concerning the international registration of marks (hereinafter referred to as the Madrid Agreement) or the relevant Protocol of madrid agreement concerning the international registration of marks (hereinafter referred to as the Madrid Protocol), trademarks are registered among the members of Madrid Union. What we usually call international registration of trademarks refers to the international registration of trademarks in Madrid.

"Madrid Union" refers to the special union for international registration of trademarks composed of countries or intergovernmental organizations that apply the Madrid Agreement and the Madrid Protocol.