Impression of Guandong
──Taking the ancient lanes of Guandong as an example to show Northeast culture
■ Wang Jianwei
■ Research on Heilongjiang Guoguang Architectural Decoration Design Institute Co., Ltd.
Abstract: The Architectural Society of China held a symposium on "Developing and Prospering Chinese Architectural Culture" in Beijing on January 5, 2012, marking the return of regional culture and local design culture with national characteristics. This article attempts to show Northeastern folk customs in an indoor characteristic street, mainly black soil culture, as well as the organic integration of regional folk culture and commercial formats. Experience the regional customs and customs, feel the life in Guandong, and use "Guandong love, Guandong art, and Guandong flavor" as the display content.
Keywords: Northeast culture, experience Chinese Baroque buildings at any time
Introduction
The special natural landforms, long-term ethnic integration and the mixed culture of Bo Lai are formed It reflects the diversity of Harbin culture
(Figure 1). The northeastern area is called "Guandong" and "White Mountains and Black Waters". Guandong Ancient Alley is based on the Heilongjiang cultural circle. Learn the essence from regional culture and change designers’ concepts. As concepts change, so do the ever-changing techniques. Paying attention to the experience of "any time" completely dissolves the traditional unity and center, forming interactive participation and paying attention to the living conditions of ordinary people. Visitors can be surprised in their experience at any time, and the design feels more grassroots and people-friendly.
1. Overview of Northeastern Culture
1.1 The foundation of black soil culture (Figure 1-2)
(1) Ethnic minority culture: ancient and primitive Ewenki and Oroqen The Hezhen and Hezhe tribes mainly have a fishing and hunting culture.
(2) Jinyuan Culture: The Jurchens and their successors, the Manchus, created a national culture that has been passed down from the 11th century to today.
(3) The Culture of Breaking into the Guandong: Since the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, people from the Central Plains who had left their hometowns have entered the Northeast in large numbers. The culture of the Breaking into the Guandong is dominated by the culture of the Central Plains of the Han nationality.
(4) Russian culture: In the first half of the 20th century, the arrival of a large number of Jews, Poles and Belarusian nobles and the establishment of consulates in various countries brought cultural diversity and a strong Russian complex.
1.2 Expression style of Kanto culture
Warm, tolerant, exotic, brave and reckless, open and conservative. Central Plains culture is the main body of Northeastern regional culture (Figure 1-3).
2. Expression of Northeastern Culture in Guandong Ancient Alley
2.1 Original Architecture in Interior Design
The plane of Guandong Ancient Alley is in a half-moon shape (Figure 2- 4), is the middle area between two adjacent buildings, with complex changes in facade shape.
The spatial combination characteristics, construction techniques and decorative arts are extracted from the architectural elements of Northeastern folk houses. The indoor space structure is an important expression element of the ancient alley, reflecting the emotion of the overall space and reflecting the main body of regional culture.
(1) Northeastern traditional residential architectural elements
Northeastern traditional residential buildings include: Northeastern Han traditional residences, Northeastern Manchu traditional residences, Northeast Korean traditional residences,
The main body chooses the form of Manchu folk residence. Manchu folk houses developed from semi-burrow dwellings and were greatly influenced by Han folk houses. Manchu folk houses are different from the rules of the Han people. For example, the wooden frame of the raised beams is incorporated into the cross-bucket style; the interior is a rolling shed-style roof with a ridged appearance; and an outer verandah is added on top of the hard top to form a mountain top. The specific plan of a single building has "pocket houses, ten-thousand-shaped pits, and chimneys standing on the ground", which vividly summarizes the basic image of Manchu houses.
The facade shape of Guandong Ancient Lane accounts for 2/3 of the overall space. The facade features follow the division of building facades of Manchu residents: platform base, wall and roof. The overall feeling is very solid and heavy. There are no purely decorative components in the building, and the style is simple. A large number of blue bricks and gray tiles are used, and the overall tone is dark. The doors and windows are decorated with some brighter colors, making it look simple and elegant (Figure 2-5).
"Hard hill" is a typical feature of Manchu houses, with roof materials including small green tiles and grass roofs. The walls are mainly doors and windows, and the wall under the windows is made of gray blue bricks.
The windows are branched windows, and the window lattice pattern is mainly in the shape of a tic-shaped frame (Figure 2-6). Among the seven scenic areas of Guandong Ancient Alley, six areas adopt the architectural style of Manchu folk houses.
(2) "Chinese Baroque" architectural elements
Integrate foreign culture and local culture into one, not only losing the traditional cultural characteristics of China, but also bringing in foreign cultural connotations.
It is reflected in the architectural appearance characteristics of Harbin. "Chinese Baroque" architecture is a combination of Chinese and Western architecture that the working people used their ingenuity to integrate the style of the Baroque architectural school into the national tradition, creating a highly valuable and unique combination of Chinese and Western architecture (Figure 2-7). The internal space of the building is a traditional Chinese courtyard, mostly two- and three-story courtyards. Harbin people call it "circle building" (Figure 2-8). The "circle building" is also a kind of courtyard. The courtyard group embodies the spatial layout of social concepts and natural concepts.
In the Chinese Baroque courtyard style area of ??Guandong Ancient Alley, two independent spaces are designed using the Chinese Baroque building blocks and the "circle building" form.
The architectural structure of Chinese Baroque is Western, and the decorations are traditional Chinese patterns, such as pomegranates, peonies, plum blossoms, and crabapples, which symbolize wealth and auspiciousness. Animal patterns that symbolize fortune, wealth, and longevity are used, such as bats, deer, cranes, etc. The use of wooden stairs and balconies in the "circle building" not only increases the vertical traffic space of the building, but also enriches the architectural form. The single-slope architectural form of the cornice conveys the meaning of "rich water does not flow to outsiders' fields" in Chinese folk custom.
(3) Architectural elements with ethnic minority characteristics
The buildings of the Ewenki, Oroqen, and Hezhe people were formed in a relatively primitive regional natural environment. They are all
Unconnected independent shapes formed by simple geometric shapes themselves or superimposed on each other, showing pure geometric shape characteristics. "Xierenzhu" and "Cuuluo'ankou" are cones (Figure 2-9). Woodcut ridges, horse racks, "Olen", etc. are all made of horizontal triangular prisms and cuboids stacked up and down. The building height is generally 2 to 5m, and the side length or diameter is in the range of 1.5 to 7m. There are few windows and it is built using materials from the natural environment, mainly birch trees and logs. The outer skin is made of reindeer skin, birch bark, grass mud, etc. The Guandong Ancient Alley Minority Style Area fully extracts these architectural elements.
2.2 The cultural expression of the seven courtyard style areas
On the basis of a full understanding of the three major architectural elements, the local material folk customs, social folk customs and spiritual folk customs are integrated to provide the entire
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Add colorful decorative content to the Guandong ancient alley. According to the plan analysis, Guandong ancient alleys are divided into seven scenic areas. The forms of the courtyards in each style area are interconnected. A theme corridor is formed between the two adjacent courtyards, which is also the main passage for people's traffic on the second floor.
Material folklore of Guandong: paper cutting, three treasures of the Northeast, pickled cabbage, vermicelli, ice and snow culture, etc.; social folklore: three monsters of Northeast China, Yabuli smoke, Wurigong, Hari, etc.; spiritual folklore: traveling to Guandong, ice and snow paintings, Errenzhuan, Northeastern Folk Songs, Northeastern Yangge, etc. Landscape nodes, interactive experience areas, themed cultural exhibition areas, and shopping rest areas are interspersed with each other to fully display Guandong culture.
(1) Entering the Guandong Entrance Hall
The entrance area of ??the Guandong Ancient Alley is the main entrance to the entire ancient alley, giving visitors the first impression (Figure 2-10). Taking into account the superiority of the location, the theme of "Breaking through Guandong" is mainly highlighted. It embodies the main line of grassroots historical culture of "Crossing the Guandong" and expresses the spirit of "Crossing the Guandong". That is to dare to fight against hardships, dare to fight against fate, and "break" into unfamiliar places and "break into" places with hope. Mature in "breaking" and grow in "breaking". People are the carriers of culture and information, and the flow of people is the flow of culture. The culture of the Central Plains has advanced to the Kanto region on a large scale, and cultural exchanges have also entered a stage of great integration. The large-scale themed sculpture "Crossing Guandong" tells that history. A stage is set up at the entrance hall to the rural area, so that people can still feel the local accent and nostalgia of the Central Plains.
(2) Countryside courtyard style area
What comes into view after passing through the heavy stage are strings of chili peppers hanging on the gray brick wall, and red lanterns hanging high. It has a simple atmosphere of a northeastern farmhouse (Figure 2-11).
A faint light shines through the branch windows on the second floor, and the air is filled with the unique smell of farmhouse smoke. All of this brings you back to the countryside. Guandong folk customs are most widely displayed in this area, such as the three monsters, corn baskets, and warm fire beds. In the land of dragon veins of the Qing Dynasty, more traditional Chinese folk customs were preserved in the countryside of Northeast China. The three-layered ice and snow paintings show the cold winter impression of the northeastern jungles, mountains of ice and snow, white mountains and black water, and cold smoke locking the ground. Looking forward, a large solid wood corn basket blocks our view. The grass roof and wooden fence restore the real thing in the countryside. The upper part is the second-story corridor, and the lower part is the passage leading to the next courtyard style area.
(3) Chinese Baroque Courtyard Style Area
When you enter this area, you feel like you have entered the Daowai District, formerly known as "Fujiadian", with a typical "circle building" structure. Classic buildings such as the "Chang Family Courtyard",
Binjiang Road Yin Li Hongmo's former residence, and Bingcheng's earliest Western pharmacy are reappeared in this charming area. Walking here feels like an accordion floating far and near from the window. song or the sound of a record player. The vermilion paint and the hollow Chinese wood carvings under the eaves exude aura and delicacy. Centuries of time-honored brands have gathered here again. The Chinese Baroque courtyard style area shows the wisdom of the older generation of Harbin people (Figure 2-12).
(4) Ethnic Minority Customs Area
The memory of the "circle building" has not yet dissipated. A wooden suspension bridge stands next to a cave. From a distance, there is also a white birch tree "Cuoluozi" standing tall beside the bridge, which is the center of this scenic area (Figure 2-13). The original ecological landscape resources are the "living fossils" of the fishing and hunting culture in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains. The wooden cabin faces the rock cave, and there is a group of sika deer under the dense birch trees. Ethnic minority customs areas express the worship of natural gods and gods.
(5) Guandong Characteristic Folk Culture and Leisure Area
Including Guandong Characteristic Performing Arts Area, Guandong Characteristic Snack Area, and Guandong Characteristic Art Street (Figure 2-14). The Guandong Characteristic Performing Arts area expresses the warm, fiery, rough and simple style of old Guandong. The traditional theater building with a strong Chinese style dominates the landscape in this area. Interactive cultural experiences for civilians such as the Yangge Dance and Errenzhuan show the vitality of life like a "carriage and a vegetable" that "cannot be crushed to death or rolled over".
The Guandong specialty snack area is entered from both sides of the performing arts area. The typical features of Manchu houses form multiple "stalls". "Backed by mountains
Eating mountains, relying on water to drink water." Different natural environments have formed distinctive eating habits. The vast forests, abundant waters, and vast plains and wetlands provide the black soil with rich and diverse food materials, forming the Northeastern characteristic food culture with strong style specificity in the Chinese national food culture. On the basis of Manchu cuisine, we add the strengths of Lu cuisine and Beijing cuisine, and the thick stew, sauce, and roast are full of flavors beyond the Great Wall.
When you walk into the Guandong Characteristic Art Street, you will be greeted by a simple and dignified atmosphere. Walking through it makes you feel like you are in the north
The cultural tunnel of the ancient nation: shaman drums, fish skin costumes, birch bark products, black pottery, root carvings, paper cutting... each piece of folk art fine work has great significance. The high cultural connotation creates a shocking civilized world of the northern peoples for the viewer.
3. Conclusion:
The nationalization of design is a kind of cultural accumulation. The style formed by history and culture has a strong personality vitality.
It is difficult for outside forces to assimilate it. As a designer from the Northeast, he can fully understand the natural and cultural environment of the area where the project is located, so that the original local color has obvious characteristics of the times and the characteristics of new localism. Northeastern culture has strong cultural characteristics and has formed a unique cultural circle. Northeastern culture comes from hundreds of years of social life, and social life is the only source of impressions of Guandong. The impression of Kanto contains a strong feeling for Kanto, and the culture of Kanto is mottled and rich, soaked in the vicissitudes of time. The "Longxing Land" carries a lot of black soil culture. It is the responsibility of our local designers to explore the regional culture, explore the city's context, and find the "Chinese flavor" in the impression.