First, the dispute over different opinions is well-founded.
Let's take a look at the earliest and most primitive records in the Spring and Autumn Period, and maybe we can understand some words. "Guan Zi Feng Chan Fifty" records: "Guan Zhong said: There are 72 people who seal Mount Tai as a Zen Buddha, but there are two reporters in Yiwu. Before there was no impression of Mount Tai, Zen was like this; Xi Xi Feng Tai Shan, Zen clouds; Shennongfeng Taishan, Zen Yun Yun; Yan Di Feng Taishan, Zen Yun Yun, Huangdi Feng Taishan, Zen Pavilion. " Historical Records also has the same record. Before the Han and Tang Dynasties, the emperors who offered Zen to Mount Tai were not emperors with outstanding merits, but generally did not offer Zen rashly. Before the Spring and Autumn Period, there were 72 emperors in ancient times who offered meditation. Guan Zi said, "No Huai, no Shen Nong, no". From Guan Zi's words, we can know that there were only tribal leaders before Shennong, and there was no "emperor". Emperor Yan is a cross-generational figure, and the theory of emperors came into being after Shennong. According to "Thirty-five management and waste", "Therefore, the eighth emperor of the book, Shennong does not exist, because it has no position and cannot be shared." It shows that Shennong is not an emperor and is not among the "Eight Emperors", so it is definitely wrong to confuse Shennong with Yan Di in the future.
Who are the Eight Emperors? There is only one answer, that is, "Emperor Yan of the Eight Dynasties". The record of "Magnolia Volume 78" answers this question: "The surname of Jiang of Shennong is also. The mother's name is Ren Si, and she gave birth to Joe's daughter, Deng, a young princess. Swimming in Huayang, a woman with the first feeling of a dragon boarded Changyang. Emperor Yan is the best man, who is longer than Jiang Shui and has great virtue. The bearing wood and fire are located in the south of the main summer. Therefore, it is called Yandi. Everything is in the past, just like a banjo. Every eight generations, the emperor inherits, the emperor comes, the emperor is clear, the emperor is straight, the emperor comes, the emperor is lost, and the emperor is abolished. Some people say that this is a fierce mountain, or call it. No.1 Kui's family is the agricultural emperor, or the Yan emperor. The warlord Shashi rebelled and Emperor Yan abdicated. Sand people in rewelding attacked their king and returned to Emperor Yan. The camp is in Lu, eight letters are heavy (I think it should be gossip), and the ceremony of August 8 is sixty-four hexagrams. It collapsed in 120 years and was buried in Changsha. "
Second, Yan Di Shennong, a family statement.
The theory of Emperor Yan Shennong is not deliberately exaggerated and disputed by modern people, but the records of ancient historical books are very vague, which leads to a hundred schools of thought contending and different opinions. "Historical Records of the Five Emperors" records: "Shennong is also ginger. My mother said I was Jiao's wife, a little princess in Yunnan and a guest of Huayang. I was born Emperor Yan, the dragon head, and I am a cow head. When I was growing up, I was virtuous and had a fire, so I was named Emperor Yan and moved to Shandong for the first time. I was also called Quekui, Lian and Shanshi Lie. " "Lei Ju Volume XI" records: "Shennong, Jiang surname also. As a bull's head, he grew up in Jiang Shui. He is a virtuous man. He built a banjo and began to teach the world to grow food, so he was named Shennong. Warlord Sha Shisu rebelled and killed him. Emperor Yan retired from morality, and Su Shamin attacked his monarch and returned to Emperor Yan. " Guanzi in the Spring and Autumn Period recorded this matter clearly, and Yandi was different from Shennong. "Guanzi Light and Heavy E 84" records: "Shennong's work, the tree grain is the day of Qishan, Kyushu people know the grain, but the world." "Autopsy" records: "People in ancient times all ate animal meat. As for Shennong, there are many people and not enough animals. Therefore, Shennong is called Shennong because it has the right time, the right place and the right people, divided the land, smashed the system, taught the people to farm, and transformed the gods to make them suitable for the people. "The author thinks that Emperor Yan is a descendant of Shennong, or a grandson of Shennong. After Wyeth's absence, he unified all clans and tribes and moved towards imperial rule, which was called "Emperor Yan" in history. It shows that the development of Shennong and Yan Di should have a long time and a transitional period.
Why is it called "Yan Di"?
"Magnolia Volume 78" records the true meaning of history for us: "Emperor Yan is a bull's head, who grew up in Jiang Shui and has great virtue. The bearing wood and fire are located in the south of the main summer. Therefore, it is called Yan Di. " "Zuo Zhao Zhuan Gong Seventeen Years" records: "Tan Zi said: My ancestors are also known to me. In the past, Huangdi's family was named a cloud master because of cloud rules. Yan Dijia is mainly a fire-fighting discipline, so he is famous as a fire master. " It seems to be because of the main south, named after firefighters. The origin of the Yellow Emperor is basically the same. Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records records: "Saving water, fire and materials has the virtue of earth, so it is called the Yellow Emperor". The author thinks that during the reign of Emperor Yan, the scene of burning vilen and ploughing fields in a large area played a positive role in land development. "Book of Changes" records: "Bao (Bao), Feng also. Mother Hua Xu is a man of the world, and great people come from Razer. Huaxu's shoes and life package are preferential. Yu Yu, a snake head, is virtuous, and supplements the kitchen with sacrifices, so it is called Bao's. The voice of later generations is absurd, so it is either a sacrifice or a sacrifice. The first (bear) reigned for one hundred and ten years. I don't have a surname, and Nu Wa's surname is Feng. Nuwa's surname is not the same, followed by Dading, Huangbai, Zhong Zhong, Lulu, Lilian, Xushi He, Zunlu, Luanshi, Youchao, Zhu Xiang, Ge, Kang Yin and Wu Huai, and Bao Xi's surname was adopted in the 15th generation. Wu Huai family is an important period of the alternation between Shennong and Yan Di. In this alternate period, Shennong first replaced the Wu Huai family and became the first ancestor of ancient China. Sima Qian said on this issue that he knew nothing about Shennong before, so he recorded in Historical Records Biography of Food Breeding: "Before Fu Shennong, I didn't know it myself. "
Third, the early Shennong began in Hangshan.
The most uncontroversial and earliest history book is the text of Guanzi in the Spring and Autumn Period. "Guanzi Light and Heavy E 84" records: "Shennong's work, the tree grain is the day of Qishan, Kyushu people know the grain, but the world." According to the textual research on the place name of "Qishan" in Zhou Qizhi, Qishan is located in the west of the city, named after "Qi Shui". Qishan is a large mountain forest in Lingchuan today. Shuowen records: "Water name. Also known as "Qihe River", Qi Hui flows out of the northern mountain of Hanoi and flows into Hanoi in the east. Or you are worried about Xishan. " Since ancient times, it has been a first-class tributary of the Yellow River, winding from the southeast of Linxian County in Henan Province to the south of Qimen Town in the northeast of Jixian County. The accurate place names illustrate an indisputable fact that Shennong's earliest life and reproduction was at the top of Taihang Mountain. Lu Chunqiu Shu Zheng records: "The seventeenth Shennong has the world and is the same as the world." "The Warring States Policy, Lu Yu Merchants, Bird Exhibition and House Sacrifice" records: "In the past, Shanshi Lie (Shennong) won the world, and his son Zhu Yue could cultivate all kinds of crops." Zhu is a very eye-catching name. He is the son of Shennong, and his name is Zhu. He is really a god of agriculture. Zhu, not listed as an emperor in history, is only a representative of Shennong. Chapter 35 of Guanzi Luxury records: "Therefore, the eighth emperor of the book, Shennong, does not exist, because it has no position and cannot be shared." Explain that "Shennong" is no longer among the "Eight Emperors". Therefore, "because it is nowhere, it cannot be used together." What really goes down in history are the grandchildren of Shennong, who proclaimed themselves emperor from Lin Kui. Gaoping area has followed an ancient custom. When the newlyweds hold a wedding ceremony, they must complete the wedding ceremony in the form of "burning a column with vinegar" to show the congratulators that the newlyweds are descendants of Shennong. We can find the answer from Wu Zetian's talent for two years in Tang Dynasty (69 1 year) and Niu's "Rebuilding the Inscription of Tsinghua Temple". "This mountain is also inhabited by Emperor Yan. ..... Sow beautiful valleys and pillars and walk out of Zishan. " "Chronicle of Bamboo Books" records: "Yan Shennong, whose initial country is Iraq, is also a country, called Yi's." Where is the country of Iraq? "Historical Records Zhou Benji" records: King Wen "will be defeated next year." The history book says: "Because Xibo was afraid of Li, he ran to the king." Zheng Xuan commented: "The jealous are also, and Li is also." "The Story of Benevolence and Righteousness" said: "Old Li Man, old people also. The ancient word Li, also. " Guo Yi is located in Gulidu at the junction of Changzhi County and Gaoping City.
"Yulan Volume 78" records: "Every eighth time, the emperor inherited, the emperor came, the emperor was clear, the emperor was straight, the emperor came, the emperor died, and the emperor suddenly. Some people say that this is a fierce mountain, or call it. No.1 Kui's family is the agricultural emperor, or the Yan emperor. The warlord Shashi rebelled and Emperor Yan abdicated. Sand people in rewelding attacked their king and returned to Emperor Yan. The camp is in Lu, and the number of eight-character letters is heavy. Sixty-four hexagrams of the Eight Eight Rites. After 120 years in office, he collapsed and was buried in Changsha. " "History of Taoism" records more accurately: "The daughter of Naben Shuishi, Shennong, said that she listened to the grain, was a concubine, gave birth to Emperor Kui, and Emperor Kui became emperor, inherited the Ming emperor, gave birth to Emperor Zhi, gave birth to Emperor Mao, and (Li) gave birth to Emperor Ai and Emperor Ke, every eight generations, fifty or thirty years, and Xuanyuan flourished." "Emperor Century" records: "Yan Emperor Shennong, surnamed Jiang, also called, has a tall daughter named female Deng, who is a young princess and the grandson of Huashan. Deng Shangyang, the first female with a sense of dragon, gave birth to Emperor Yan. As a bull's head, he is longer than Jiang Shui, and he has virtue after pregnancy. Initially, Shanshi Lie or Shanshi Lie came to power 120 years later and collapsed. Shi Shui's daughter said that she listened to me and gave birth to an emperor. " What is wrong here is "Li (Li)" and "Di Lai". There is something wrong with the name. There are three words called "Mao", "Li" and "Lai", all of which are the same person. I don't know which one is accurate. The author tends to the former, and the most important history books are called Mao. The author thinks that the Eight Emperors Yan Di, especially his grandfathers, may have developed from Shaanxi and moved to Taihang Mountain to live in Shangdang when his son Zhu. The first generation of Yan Dikui, whose grandfather was Shennong, probably didn't grasp the political power at that time. Still "farming as teaching and teaching as governance", it has gradually become a big family that dominates agricultural life and respects the emperor. The final decline of Shennong tribe was in the hands of the last Yan Emperor Yu Wang. The Yellow Emperor won three wars, led his troops into exile in Suizhou, Hubei, and Changsha, Hunan, and died in Changsha. Yu Wang is in power and lives in Shangdang District, Yushe County, Changzhi City. He is the political center of Yu Wang. The origin of the place names in Yuci City is directly related to it, so it is named Grade Seven. The place names in southeastern Shanxi are unusual. Some ancient place names hide important historical information, and a place name is a historical fact.
"Shan Hai Jing Juan Shi Ba Hai Nei Jing" records: "The wife of Emperor Yan, the son of Chishui, was born in Yanju. Yan Sheng Festival, Festival Sheng Opera, Opera Sheng Zhu Rong. Zhu Rong fell into the river and gave birth to * * *. * * * Industrial and biological instruments, the first part of the instrument was overturned, and it was a complex soil that reached the river. * * * Workers are born as epigenetic, born as post-pinch, and pinched at the age of ten. Sun Boling, the son of Emperor Yan, married A Nv, the wife of Wu Quan. She was pregnant for three years and played drums when she was born. She was delayed and died. " This may be another immediate relative of Yan Di's wife. "History of Taoism" records that "the daughter of Shen Nong's Shui family listened to He as a concubine and gave birth to Di Kui." "Emperor Century" records: "Yan Emperor Shennong, surnamed Jiang, also called, has a tall daughter named female Deng, who is a young princess and the grandson of Huashan. Deng Shangyang, the first female with a sense of dragon, gave birth to Emperor Yan. I am a bull's head, I am longer than Jiang Shui, and I have virtue. After I got pregnant. " There must be some mistakes between Chishui, Running Water and Jiang Shui. The author thinks that "Jiang Shui" is more accurate than others. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" Volume 18 "The Classic of the Sea" records: "The wife of the Yellow Emperor, Lei Zu, gave birth to Chang Yi. Changyi fell into the water, which gave birth to the Korean Wave. Korean Wave took Naoko as A Nv and gave birth to Zhuan Xu. " The story of "the head can't touch the surrounding mountains" once again illustrates the second struggle for the throne after Emperor Yan and Yellow Emperor. * * * is the great-grandson of Yan Di and Zhuan Xu is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor. Although the * * * workers were defeated again and did not become emperor, the ancients recorded for future generations that the second peak confrontation was "non-Zhoushan" and "non-Zhoushan" was also near Yangtou Mountain.
"Shan Hai Jing Volume II Xishan Jing" records: "It is 370 miles northwest, saying that it is not a mountain, looking at the mountain in the north, rushing to the mountain in the moon, looking at the river in the east, and its original muddy bubble." "Shan Hai Jing Juan Shi Ye Xi Jing" records: "Beyond the northwest sea, there is a wild corner called Wubu, which is guarded by Erhuang beast. Yu Gongguo Mountain. " "Huainanzi Astronomical Training" records: "In the past, * * * workers and Zhuan Xu fought for the emperor, and when they touched it in anger, the mountain was unlucky. According to The Wild in Shan Hai Jing, the mountains in the south are not harmonious, which is called Zhou Zhou. Because of the disagreement of the mountain, the myth of touching the mountain was born. " The author thinks that the story of "the foreman and Zhoushan can't be integrated" and "the rest of the workers" happened in the mountainous area around Yangtou Mountain. "Bu Zhoushan" is in the west of Tunliu County, Changzhi City. "Yuechong" refers to Taiyue Mountain, and "Hunhunpao" refers to Zhangzhuohe River in Licheng County. Daming's "Lu Zhouzhi" records: "According to the Book, Zhang. As soon as it came out of Lugu Mountain in Zhangzi County, it was called Hatoyama and named Zhang Zhuo. Li Daoyuan called Hengshui, also known as Hengshui, Dongming Ye. " The fief of Yandi Mausoleum is located in Fangbo Village, Sizhuang Town, Gaoping City. The origin of Fangbo is named after the Kingdom of Bahrain.
Fourth, Yu Wang moved south to guard Shennong.
Why is it called Shennong? "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" records: "Yan Di Shen Nong, when he was growing up, began to teach the world to plow, grow grains and eat them to save lives. The old man is called Shennong. " "Eighteen Years of Zuo Gong" records: "Song, Wei, Chen and Zheng were all on fire, and Zi Shen boarded the imperial court and looked at it." Note that one day, "Dating home, the name of the ancient emperor, and the name of Confucianism, are all called Shennongjia, which is called dating home." "Postscript to the History of Taoism" records: "Yandi Shennong, surnamed Yi, is a famous relic and a famous stone year. It is the emperor after the emperor, Yan Wang. Mother Andeng was born in Changyang, Shennong was born in the stone room of Lieshan, and he was born in Jiujing. " During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, local chronicles recorded: "Shennong City is in Yangtou Mountain, and there is Shennong Well under it, all of which refer to this place. Place name Jing Ziping, there is a field growing. According to legend, Shennongjia got a beautiful valley here and began to teach people to sow, called a grain bed. " Yangtoushan may be the father of Emperor Yan in the Shennong period in the Stone Year.
Lu Chunqiu Shu Zheng records: "The seventeenth Shennong has the world and is the same as the world." We should pay attention to a problem. The road history of Song Dynasty is recorded as "1970s". It shows that there is a big gap between the seventeenth and seventies, and the author thinks that Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is authentic. "History of Taoism" records: "Shennong has a world of seventy, and Xuanyuan is prosperous. At the invitation of Emperor Yan, he participated in Lu Zen and sealed Lu, and kept his first sacrifice to Shennong's Lu State. After that, Lu State was cut. In the Spring and Autumn Period, he was a vassal of the State of Jin. Because the country is small, there is no law and discipline, and the folk customs are humble, which is quite the same as Yidi. However, with the fire king, I still know that it is still red, and it was called Hongdi in ancient times. Lu's child Lu Zi married Jin Jinggong's sister. His minister Mangshu insulted Ji Bo and killed him. In the summer and June of the fifteenth year of Lu, the father Jin and his teacher destroyed Lu, which contained Zuo Zhuan. There is an ancient Lucheng, that is, its country, which is forty miles northeast of Lucheng County today. Its country is 160 miles away from Shennong's tomb. " According to this written record, it is clear to future generations that after the defeat of Emperor Yan, the Yellow Emperor also offered sacrifices to the late Lu Shen and stayed in Yangtou Mountain to hold a wake to worship his ancestors. The early Shennong and the seven generations of Yan Di before Yu Wang were probably buried in different places of Shangdang, such as Licheng, Lucheng, Lidu and Yushe. Shennong was buried in Yangtou Mountain at the junction of the eldest son, Changzhi and Gaoping counties. "Luzhou Lingzhi" records: "Lu Zi Ying's tomb is located in Wulixu Village, northeast of the county." Also buried in Taihang Mountain. The Northern Wei Dynasty's Local Customs records: "There is a valley in the north of Yangtou Mountain, that is, Shennong has a beautiful valley." In the fifth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (585), the inscription in Baotai Temple said: "Qin will set the hometown of Yan's death and seize the land of Jiahe." "Taiping Universe" records: "Baigu Mountain is connected with Taihang and Prince Wu, and the wind tunnel springs and valleys are faint, which is the most beautiful place. Yesterday, Shennong tasted Cooper here. Because of the famous mountains, the temple is built, and the mid-spring festival is held. Shandong is said to be the Yandiling in the south, and the stone is still there. " The ancient text recorded the true meaning of history for us, and the owner of Yangtou Mountain should be the early Shennong. During the reign of Shennong, a huge territory was opened up. This historical contribution is recorded in Volume 17 of Yuhai: "The philosophers call Shennong the king of the world, with 90 Wan Li in the east and 90 in the west and 85 Wan Li in the north and south."