Professional terminology is not only conducive to improving learning and work efficiency, but also facilitates communication among industry professionals, increases the amount of information and expands business scope. Below are the professional terminology of fashion design compiled by me from the latest historical knowledge for your reference!
1. Clothing terminology
Most disciplines or majors have their own concepts and terminology. Like cartographic symbols, terminology is a language, one that is frequently used and used for communication in the apparel industry. Terminology makes industrial production possible.
In the national standards, the basic content of clothing terminology is specified in detail. This standard is a recommended standard. When applied in practice, both its connotation and denotation must correspond to fashion trends and industry habits. The interpretation of some terms has certain local characteristics. Fashion design is a creative conception activity. In actual operation, this activity runs through the entire process of corporate activities, from market research, production conditions, corporate strategy to artistic conception, structural modeling, sample adjustment, etc. Design in the narrow sense mostly refers to the work done independently by designers; design in the broad sense should be the integrated effect of corporate activities. The relevant terms of clothing design mentioned in the national standard are narrow concepts.
[Clothing style style] refers to the style of clothing, usually the shape factor, which is one of the styling elements.
[Clothing modeling] refers to the overall clothing artistic effect composed of clothing modeling elements. The division of styling elements can be divided into three elements: style, color matching and fabric from the specific shape; from the abstract shape, it is divided into points, lines, surfaces, shapes, bodies, colors, qualities, light, etc.; from the components, it is divided into shoes, hats, tops, bottoms, etc. Clothes, coats, underwear, accessories, etc.
[Clothing silhouette] is the backlit silhouette effect of clothing. It is the first visual element of clothing style modeling. It is the first factor to be considered when designing clothing styles, followed by the shape of internal components such as dividing lines, collar types, sleeve types, and pocket types. Silhouette is an important factor in the development of clothing fashion.
[Design drawing] refers to the floor plan that reflects the style of clothing. This form of design drawing is a basic skill that clothing professionals must master. Because it is simple to draw and easy to master, it is the basic method for expressing clothing styles in the industry.
[Clothing effect drawing] refers to a drawing showing the effect of the human body wearing clothing at a specific time and place. Business owners should learn to read clothing renderings. Clothing renderings usually include human body diagrams, design concept descriptions, fabrics used and simple financial analysis.
[Clothing cutting drawing] is a drawing that uses special drawings and symbols such as curves, straights, obliques, and arcs to decompose and expand the clothing style into plane cutting methods. The popular cutting and drawing methods in China mainly include the Chinese proportional cutting method and the Japanese prototype cutting method. Supplementary illustration.
[Garment structure line] refers to the line on the clothing pattern that represents the changes in the cutting and sewing structure of clothing components. The drawing lines on the cutting diagram are divided into two categories according to their thickness: one type is thin lines (including drawing auxiliary lines, dimension lines, bisecting lines, etc.); the other type is thick solid lines (indicating structural lines for cutting and production) . According to the national standard, the thickness of thin wire is 0.2--0.3cm; the thickness of thick wire is 0.6--0.9cm.
Garment product industry terminology
There are two main methods of clothing classification :
One is classified according to the designer’s system, and the other is classified according to the production organization’s system.
In fact, it is difficult for the same company to produce all types of clothing at the same time. Everything is different from the designed market positioning, organization of raw materials, corporate production technology and management methods, business channels and networks, equipment to be purchased, to marketing strategies and financial settlement methods. Therefore, when choosing the production product structure, you must fully consider The production and operating characteristics of each product.
[Clothing] A general term for items that decorate the human body. Including clothing, shoes, hats, socks, gloves, scarves, ties, bags, parasols, hair accessories, etc.
〔Garments〕Products worn on the human body for protection and decoration. Its synonyms are "clothing" and "clothes". In ancient China, it was called "upper garment and lower garment". The effect of clothing depends on three major factors: the person wearing it, the clothing shape and the wearing environment.
〔Fashion fashion〕New and fashionable fashionable clothing accepted by a large number of people in a certain period of time and region. If it is still a small group of people who are the first to wear it, it is called trendy fashion. Clothing can be divided into fashionable clothing and stereotyped clothing according to fashion. Stereotyped clothing is a relatively fixed style of clothing through popular selection, such as suits, tunic suits, jackets, cheongsam, etc. Fashion is highly cyclical and can be divided into product gestation, budding, growth, maturity and decline periods. As social culture and consumption levels improve, the epidemic cycle will become shorter and shorter. The price difference of the same fashion in a certain period may be very large, so people say that "fashion is impermanent". It changes from day to day, favoring the new and hating the old, which is unpredictable, but it also best reflects the cultural and artistic accomplishments and clothing of the designer and the wearer. level.
〔Ready-to-wear〕Clothes produced by industrialized mass production in accordance with the size and specification series standards stipulated by the country are called ready-to-wear.
[Garment exploded view resolving drawing] refers to a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the internal and external structures of a certain part of the garment. Exploded views are often used as styles for designing clothing. The garmentization rate is one of the indicators that indicates the level of industrialized production of clothing and the structure of clothing consumption in a country or region.
〔Custom-made clothes〕 refers to clothing that is tailor-made and made in one piece according to the specific personal situation of the wearer. Most clothing and clothing stores operate this way. The business method of customizing clothing abroad is also called personalized clothing design. It usually requires selecting fabric colors and determining clothing styles based on the wearer's personal body shape, skin color, occupation, temperament, hobbies, etc., and usually charges a higher fee. There are many customers in China who customize clothing to save money or for special reasons. High-end customized clothing is largely lacking in the current market, mainly because it requires operators to know some knowledge of clothing design.
The characteristics of noodles and auxiliary materials are also an important basis for companies to list finished products separately, because noodles and auxiliary materials define the company's supply channels, process characteristics, market prices, etc. According to the characteristics of surface accessories, they can be divided into the following categories:
[Woolen garments] Clothing made of pure wool or wool blended fabrics.
[Cotton garments] Clothing made of cotton or cotton blended fabrics.
〔Silk garments silk garments〕Clothes made of natural silk, rayon, and synthetic silk fabrics.
[Chemical fiber garments] Clothing made of various chemical fiber fabrics.
〔fur/leather garments〕Clothes made of fur or leather.
[Down wear down wear] Clothing filled with down. [Artificial fur clothing] Clothing made of natural or chemical fiber fabrics that imitate various furs.
It can be divided into the following categories according to the objects of wear:
[Men's wear] Men's clothing, referred to as men's clothing, is clothing worn by adult men.
[Women's clothing] Women's clothing, referred to as women's clothing, is clothing worn by adult women.
[Children's clothing, children's wear] referred to as children's clothing, is clothing suitable for children. Including baby clothing, toddler clothing, children's clothing, middle-aged children's clothing, older children's clothing, etc. Also includes school uniforms for primary and secondary schools.
〔Professional garments〕Professional clothing is the clothing worn by members of associations or industries when working in a social environment to display the overall image needs, meet the movement requirements of workers, and thereby achieve the goals of the association. . Professional uniforms can be divided into three major categories: one is professional uniforms, such as postal and telecommunications uniforms, railway uniforms, customs uniforms, civil aviation uniforms, military uniforms, taxation uniforms, traffic supervision uniforms, industrial and commercial management uniforms, school uniforms, etc.; the second is labor protection Clothing refers to clothing that provides convenience and protection against injuries for employees in special industries while working. Such as radiation-resistant suits, diving suits, miners' suits, steel-making suits, road maintenance work clothes, petroleum work clothes, firefighter uniforms, etc.; the third is professional fashion, which refers to the non-uniform fashion styles worn by the "pink-collar class" among urban professional women. Professional suits, mostly in bright colors and simple and elegant styles, can fully express the intelligence and sophistication of professional women.
The finished term for jackets
[Western-style clothes] Also known as a suit, it is a form of Western-style tops. Depending on the number of buttons on the left and right, they can be divided into single-breasted suits and double-breasted suits; according to the number of buttons on the top and bottom, they can be divided into one-button suits, two-button suits, three-button suits, etc. The number of grains and rows can be combined in different ways, such as single-row two-button suits, double-row three-button suits, etc.; according to the different shapes of the lapels, they can be divided into flat lapel suits, gun lapel suits, and green fruit collar suits. wait. Suits have become an internationally popular men's dress.
[Vest] Also known as a vest or waistcoat, it is a collarless, sleeveless, and shorter top. The main function is to keep the front and back chest areas warm and to facilitate the movement of the hands. It can be worn under outer clothing or outside underwear. The main varieties include suit vests, cotton vests, down vests and woolen vests of various shapes.
〔Cowboy's clothes〕It was originally a kind of canvas top worn by Americans during the development of the West and the golden boom period. Later, through film and television publicity and celebrity effects, it developed into clothing for daily life. It took the world by storm in the 1970s and has now become a global staple. Its fabrics are mostly made of strong woolen fabrics, and its styles have developed into various styles such as denim jackets, jeans, denim shirts, denim vests, denim vest skirts, and denim children's clothing. Denim is loved by people from all over the world for its durability, casual and rugged features. Although its overall style is relatively stereotyped, its detailed shapes and decorations are constantly being interpreted and changed along with the cycles and rhythms of fashion.
〔Zhongshan coat Zhongshan coat〕also known as Chinese tunic suit. Named after the style worn by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The main features are the stand-up collar, four exposed patch pockets on the front body, and the style is simple and capable.
[Military casual clothes] A top that imitates military uniforms.
[Youth Clothes] Also known as the "May 4th" youth student uniforms, they are tops with a stand-up collar, three-open pockets or three patch pockets.
[Jacket] refers to a top with short length, loose bust, tight cuffs, and tight hem. Jacket is the English transliteration, which means short.
〔Hunting wear〔Hunting wear〕It was originally clothing suitable for hunting. It has structures such as dew-proof and bullet bag waist. It has now developed into a top-stitched top with multiple pockets and back slits for daily wear. Hunting clothes are divided into short sleeves and long sleeves, and there are summer clothes and spring and autumn clothes.
〔Shirt〕Shirts are divided into men's shirts and women's shirts according to the different objects worn. According to different uses, it can be divided into traditional shirts worn with suits and casual shirts worn outside. The former is a style worn between underwear and outerwear. Its armholes are smaller and easier to wear a jacket; the latter is worn alone and the armholes can be used. Large, easy to move, come in many colors.
〔Chinese and Western-style tops〕Chinese-style collared and sleeved tops. The placket can be buttoned or buttonholeed or buttoned. It is a style evolved on the basis of traditional Chinese styles. If it has sleeves, it is called a Chinese top.
〔cotton padded coat〕Any top made of insulation materials such as cotton, acrylic cotton, space cotton, camel hair, etc. is called a cotton padded coat. Cotton-padded jackets can be divided into Chinese-style cotton-padded jackets and Western-style cotton-padded jackets. The traditional way of wearing a cotton-padded jacket and a blouse is gradually disappearing, and is rarely seen on wearers under middle age. Instead, there are coat-type cotton-padded jackets with fashionable shapes, casual and comfortable, with lengths ranging from short to above the waist to long. Up to the ankles, there are different changes, which have been marked with a strong mark of the times and adapted to the rhythm of people's modern life.
[Down coat] A top filled with down filling. Because of its strong thermal insulation properties, it is mostly worn by people in cold areas and is also commonly used by polar expedition personnel. The down jacket has a large and round shape and is not suitable for showing feminine lines. Bright colors are often used to express the beauty. The advent of ultra-thin down jackets will bring new beauty to urban women.
The finished term for bottoms
Bottoms refer to clothing worn below the waist, mainly including various skirts and various types of pants. There are two mannequins for bottoms, one is the frustum model used when designing skirts, and the other is the saddle model used when designing pants.
The term for the finished skirt:
[Jumper skirt] refers to a skirt with a collarless and sleeveless vest structure on the upper body. This style is mostly used in middle school campus clothing.
[Bias skirt] refers to a skirt that expands diagonally from the waist to the hem into a "'" shape. When cutting oblique skirts, due to the sufficient relaxation of the hip circumference, the hip circumference is generally not used as the control size. Only the waist circumference and skirt length can be cut. What people usually call a four-piece skirt is close to the shape of a diagonal skirt, but because the hem is moderate, the hip size still needs to be measured and controlled.
[Fish tail skirt] refers to a skirt with a fishtail shape. The waist, hips and mid-thigh form a fitted shape, and the hem gradually opens downward to form a fishtail shape. The position to start unfolding the fish tail and the size of the fish tail expansion are determined according to personal needs. In order to ensure the uniformity of the three-dimensional fit of the "fish belly" and the uniformity of the waves of the "fish tail", fishtail skirts often use more than six pieces of structure, such as six-piece fishtail skirts, eight-piece fishtail skirts, and twelve-piece fishtail skirts, etc. .
〔Miniskirt〕also known as miniskirt. This is a short skirt that is mid-thigh and above. It is just a skirt shape defined in terms of length. Its shape can be tight, flared or pleated skirt type.
[Pleated skirt] refers to a skirt with pleats at the waist. Depending on the design of the pleats, they can be divided into pleated skirts and regular pleated skirts. The pleats can be large or small, more or less, and can be in pairs or downwind pleats.
〔Jie skirt〕also known as tower skirt. Refers to a skirt with multiple layers of horizontal panels connected by pleats, giving it a tower-like shape. According to the layer distribution of the tower, it can be divided into regular tower skirts and irregular tower skirts. In the irregular tower skirt, the width of each tower layer can be changed according to needs, such as wide-narrow-wide, narrow-wide-narrow, narrow-wide-wider and other combinations.
〔Barrel skirt, tube skirt〕It is also called a straight skirt, a straight skirt or a straight skirt. Its shape is characterized by starting from the well-fitting hips, and the side seams naturally hang down into a barrel or tube shape.
[Cheongsam skirt, hobble skirt, slim skirt] usually refers to a skirt with slits on the left and right side seams. Because it retains the slender and fitted style of the cheongsam, the skirt is generally below the knee, the hem is slightly gathered, and the slits are long enough to meet the basic amount of leg movement.
〔tailored skirt〕also known as suit skirt. It is usually worn with a suit top or shirt. In terms of cutting structure, darts, pleating and other methods are often used to fit the waist and hips. The length changes above and below the knees. To facilitate movement, pleats or slits are often made at the front and back.
Finished term for trousers
[Trousers] mainly refers to trousers worn with suit jackets.
Since trousers are mainly worn in offices and social situations, on the premise of being comfortable and natural, attention should be paid to the coordination with the body shape. The amount of relaxation when cutting is moderate, giving a calm and stable feeling. The production technology and shape of trousers have basically been internationalized and standardized. The craftsmanship of Western shorts and Western trousers are basically the same, and the length varies from above the knee. You can choose according to your own needs.
[Chinese-style trousers] refers to trousers with a wide waistband, a large crotch, no side seams, and no distinction between front and back when worn; it is a traditional Chinese clothing.
〔Bib pants〕 refers to pants with shoulder straps on the waistband. Overalls in suit trousers are only connected by two straps, while overalls and modern fashions often have front chest patches.
〔Riding breeches〕 refers to the pants worn when riding horses. The overall attire of equestrian athletes has become a fixed style internationally. Due to the functional needs of riding horses, their crotch and thigh areas are very loose, and they are gradually tightened below the knees and trouser legs to form a special silhouette.
〔Knickerbockers, knickers, bloomers, pantalets〕 refers to a type of trousers with straight and wide legs, tightened trouser legs, and a lantern-like appearance. From the design point of view, it can be regarded as a kind of "imitation modeling" and "imitation naming". Bloomers are relaxed and comfortable, mostly worn for leisure time. This look is also commonly used in Chinese exercise pants and sweatpants.
〔Curtats〕Like pants, they have a lower crotch, a wider opening, and a skirt-like appearance. They are a combination of pants and skirts. It retains the advantages of pants, such as being convenient for riding, but has the elegant, romantic and feminine look of a skirt.
〔Jumpsuit overalls〕refers to clothing in which tops and pants are connected together. Because it is connected up and down, it has a strong sealing effect on the human body and is mostly used as labor protection clothing for special types of work. There are also jumpsuits that connect hats to shoes and socks, which have stronger sealing properties and are suitable for radiation and chemical protection personnel.
〔flare trousers, bell-bottom pants〕refers to trousers with flared legs. In terms of structural design, it is based on suit trousers, with a slightly shorter rise and appropriately reduced hip slack, so that the buttocks and mid-crotch (near the knees) fit well, and the trouser openings can be enlarged from the knees down as needed. According to the degree of enlargement of the trousers, they are divided into large bell bottoms, small bell bottoms and micro bell bottoms. The length of bell-bottom pants is mostly the length that covers the upper.
Terminology of finished body attire
The so-called finished body attire refers to the clothing style that integrates the upper and lower body.
〔One-piece dress〕 refers to a one-piece garment in which the top and bottom skirt are connected together. Dresses are known as the "queen of styles" among various styles. They are unpredictable, have the most varieties, and are the most popular style among women. Depending on the wearer, there are children's dresses and young women's dresses. Almost everything that can be changed on a blouse or skirt can be combined to create a dress. Dresses can also be formed into various silhouettes and waist positions according to the needs of the shape.
[Cheongsam Qipao, dress] also known as Chinese cheongsam. Its main structural features are a stand-up collar, a large right lapel, a tight waist, and slits at the hem. The cheongsam is a traditional robe worn by Chinese women. It was first worn by the bannermen in the Qing Dynasty. After the Revolution of 1911 and modern improvements, the traditional cheongsam clothing craftsmanship has been retained, making it more in line with the expression of the human body. This proportion is very suitable for the Asian body shape characteristics of flatter chest, lower breech position, and longer upper body. Cheongsam conveys modern humanistic ideas and the unique rhythmic beauty of the East.
[Bridal gown, bridal veil] refers to the clothing worn by women when they get married. The traditional Chinese bridal dress is a bright red Chinese suit. Most of the bridal dresses worn in cities now originate from Europe and the United States