There are four sources of surnames of Qi (Qí qi):

1. After Jiang, a descendant of Emperor Yan, took the country name as his surname. According to "A Brief History of the Clan" and "A Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames", the descendants of Emperor Yan, the son of Tai Gong Wang Ya, were sealed in Yingqiu, and Qi State was established (the old city is now Linzi, Shandong Province), and the descendants took the country as their surname. "Tongzhi. A Brief Introduction to Clans" states: "Tai Gong Wang was sealed in Qi, and descendants took the country as their surname." The ancestor of Qi surname is Jiang Taigong Ziya, which originated from Yingqiu (now Linzi) in Shandong Province after Emperor Yan. The story of Jiang Taigong's sealing Qi is widely circulated. It is mainly said that Siyue, the descendant of Emperor Yan, was sealed in the state of Lu (in Nanyang, Henan Province today) because of his meritorious service in helping Dayu to control water. At the end of Shang Dynasty, a very talented person came out of Lu State. His surname was Jiang Mingshang, and he was named Lu Shang after the country name. At that time, several generations of monarchs in Shang dynasty were either unconscious or violent, so Lu Shang was full of knowledge and skills, so he was useless. Lv Shang is over 7 years old and still looking for a good opportunity to show his talent. At this time, Xibo Jichang around the west recruited wise men, and Lu Shang heard the news and rushed there immediately. But he didn't go to see Xibuchang at once. However, he fished with a straight hook by the Ziquan River, a tributary of the Weihe River, and he murmured: "Who knows about this institution?" Just fishing for the monarch and ministers of the dynasty, why do you want to fish in the water? " Everyone is surprised and ridiculous. One day, Xi Bochang went out hunting and divination, saying that he would get a talented person to help the country. After Xi Bochang heard about Lu Shang's straight hook fishing, he knew that he was by no means an idle generation, and there must be a genius. So he bent down and went to the bank of Wei River to talk with him. Xibochang listened to Lu Shang's insightful remarks, that is, Gongqing Lu Shangtong took a car, personally drove the whip, and returned to the palace, making him a Buddhist, known as "Tai Gong Wang". Tai Gongwang gave many good ideas for Xibochang, which greatly improved Zhou's strength and reputation. After Xibochang's death, Zhou Wuwang honored Lu Shang as "a teacher who is still a father". I'm more obedient to him. With the assistance of Lu Shang, Zhou Wuwang finally overthrew the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong appointed Guan Zhong to carry out reforms, and he became powerful and powerful, known as the overlord. In 567 BC, Duke Ling of Qi destroyed Cai, and the territory of Qi extended to the east of Shandong, to the Yellow River in the west, to the sea in the east, to Mount Tai in the south, and to Wudi Water in the north, all of which belonged to Qi. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Qi was in decline, and the monarchical power was gradually replaced by the minister Tian. Some descendants of Jiang took the country as their surname, which was called Qi's.

2. It comes from the surname of Ji, and was taken as the surname after Qi Zi, a doctor of Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to "Tongzhi Clan Brief" and "Textual Research on Surnames", in the Spring and Autumn Period, after Doctor Wei's Qi Zi, his name could not be tested, and Qi Zi was his word. His grandson named his surname after his grandfather and became a surname of Qi.

3. Zi is the surname, which was changed to Qi after Sima Qiguang of Xuancheng County in Tang Dynasty. According to Yuan He's Surname Compilation, Sima Qiguang of Xuancheng County in the Tang Dynasty was originally surnamed, and his descendants changed their surnames to Qi's.

4. People from other ethnic groups changed their surnames:

① According to the Book of Jin (the same below), the people of Wudu have Qi surnames.

② The surnames of the Eight Banners in Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty were changed to Qi.

(3) Tuba in Shigu and Zhongjiang, Lijiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, always has the surname of Qi, belonging to Naxi nationality.

④ The Manchu, Hezhe, Mongolian and other nationalities all have Qi surnames.

ancestor of surname: Jiang Taigong. The name is Shang, and the word is Ziya (when it comes to words), because the Lu people in the late Shang Dynasty, also known as Lu Shang, are descendants of Emperor Yan. He was a famous strategist and politician at the end of Shang Dynasty and the beginning of Zhou Dynasty. He once fished on the bank of Wei River and was hired as an assistant minister by Zhou Wenwang. When King Wu attacked the Shang Dynasty, he served as a division commander (referred to as division) and was honored as a teacher and father, with the title of Tai Gong Wang and Tai Shi and father. In the battle of Mu Ye, he was the first founding hero of the Zhou Dynasty. When he became a king, he was sealed in Qi, built a capital camp, and granted the privilege of conquering five princes and nine uncles, ranking above the feudal countries. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, after Tian's generation of Qi, the original royal family of Qi took the country as their surname, and called Jiang Taigong the ancestor of Qi's surname.

II. Migration distribution

As can be seen from the above, the surname of Qi originated from the State of Qi in the Zhou Dynasty. In 386 BC, King An of Zhou was forced to recognize Tian He as Qi Hou. At this point, Jiangshan, the surname of Jiang in Qi State, was replaced by Tian, who was called the generation of Qi in history. Because Tian's generation of Qi did not have a large-scale bloody conflict, which belonged to a peaceful evolution, most of the descendants of Qi's surname still stayed in Qi. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, historical data showed that the surname Qi began to spread to Henan, Hebei and other places. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the surname of Qi was distributed in more places in the north, and formed large settlements in Levin County, Zhongshan County and Runan County. After reproduction, it gradually formed the surname of Qi in Levin County, Zhongshan County and Runan County. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to warlords' disputes and the invasion of the Yi nationality, the Central Plains was completely deserted. Because Levin and Zhongshan counties were far away from the Central Plains, and Runan County was located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, Runan Qi's surname suffered from the chaos of war just like other surnames in the Central Plains, so he had no choice but to raise a family to flee. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the Qi surname of Runan was devastated several times, and it was imperative to migrate to the south. I was eager to return to my hometown as soon as the war was over, but there was no peace in sight, so I had to settle down and my descendants stayed in a foreign land. In the Tang Dynasty, due to the political clarity and social stability, the surnames of Qi in Levin and Zhongshan counties were particularly prosperous, with flourishing branches and high officials. The Qi surname, which moved to Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places in the early stage, also developed. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, because Zhao Gou was partial to the south of the Yangtze River, the Qi surname was more widely distributed in the south, while the Qi surname in the north had less wars after foreign rule, so the Qi surname in the north still flourished. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Shanxi Qi surname, as one of the surnames of the people who moved to Hongdong pagoda tree in the Ming Dynasty, was moved to Hebei, Henan, Beijing, Tianjin and other places. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a few Qi surnames crossed the sea to Taiwan and then moved overseas. After the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, there were many people with the surname of Hebei, Henan and Shandong. Today, the Qi surname is widely distributed in the whole country, especially in the three northeastern provinces, Hebei and Henan. The Qi surname in the above five provinces accounts for about 62% of the population of the Han nationality in China. Qi is the 134th surname in China, with a large population, accounting for about .1% of the Han population in China.

Third, historical celebrities

Qi Ying: Yingzhou Levin (now Hebei Province), minister of the Tang Dynasty. At the age of 22, after becoming the top scholar in high school, he served as a supervisor of the imperial censor, a member of the Ministry of Punishment, a judge, etc., and was demoted after being tired of being an official in the same book (the same as the prime minister), and died at the age of 48.

qi kang: a native of Yifeng, Dingzhou (now anguo, Hebei province), was a minister in the Tang dynasty. Li Shi supervised the positions of suggestion, suggestion, foreign minister of the Ministry of Finance, and doctor of Cangbu. Later, he was worshipped by Tang Dezong as assistant minister of Zhongshu, and he worked as an official with Zhongshu. He must seek perfection without foresight.

qi Tang: a native of huiji county (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang province), was an official and scholar in the song dynasty. Little poor students, palace examination, the top scholar, the official to the job side YuanWaiLang. There are "Academy Elite" and "Little Micro Collection".

qi tai: minister in the early Ming dynasty. The first name is virtue, and the first name is Thailand. Ming Lishui (Lishui, Jiangsu Province) people. In the seventeenth year of Hongwu, he won the first place in the provincial examination and became a scholar the following year. In the twenty-eighth year of Hongwu (1395), he was appointed assistant minister of the Ministry of War. At the end of Mao's life, he was summoned to take care of his life, assisted the emperor's grandson, established his position as Emperor Wen, and ordered him to take part in the state affairs with Huang Zicheng. Soon, the minister of the Ministry of War of Jin suggested cutting the vassal. "Jing Nan" started, and he invited the prince of Yan to be cut, denounced the crime and urged him to cut Yan. After the army was defeated repeatedly, Qi Tai and others were dismissed from office, called back by the emperor and demoted. After the fall of the capital, Qi Tai ran to other counties in order to revive. Being held in the capital, he died unyieldingly, which was a disaster for the nine families.

qi Shen: a new savage in Henan province, a general in Qing dynasty. He was promoted to the prefect for his meritorious service in suppressing the rebellion of Bailian, Tianli and Zhang Geer. When the British army attacked Zhenjiang in the Opium War, it was defeated and was dismissed and retained.

qi wannian: in the western Jin dynasty, the Di nationality was a handsome man and the leader of the Di and Qiang people's uprising. In the sixth year of Yuankang (296), the Bianqiang people in Guanzhong responded to Hao Duyuan's anti-Jin, promoted Qi Wannian as emperor, and supported hundreds of thousands of people to defeat the Jin army repeatedly. In nine years, he was defeated and captured by the Western Jin army.

Qi Jiruo: a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, Lu Zhi took the lead in Zhenyuan, trying to explain the poems of Shuifu and Yugou Liushi, ranking with Han Yu, Ouyang Zhan, Jia Ji, Chen Yu and others. "All the great men in the world are called the Dragon and Tiger List".

qi tianjue: a scholar in the song dynasty, whose word is Shenfu, was born in Qingyang. Poor family, good at reading, tired to lie down, 3 years without sleep. A subset of classics and history are all proficient. He used to be Wenzhou Tianfu Zhijian, then moved to Xiangyang and Xuancheng counties, and then changed to Ganzhou.

qi dezhi: a native of yuan dynasty and a medical scientist. He used to be a doctor of medicine, and served as a surgeon in Royal Chinese Medicine Hospital. Combined with my many years of clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of surgical sores and swelling, I compiled three volumes of Surgical Essence, which was highly praised by later doctors.

qi zhaonan, a native of Tiantai, Zhejiang province, was a minister and scholar in Qing dynasty. In the first year of Qianlong's reign, he gave a lecture on erudite words, and he was tired of being an official and assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. Familiar with the three rites, especially the study of geography. Together with his brother Qi Zhouhua, he is called Tiantai Erqi, and his brother Qi Shinan is also a scholar. There are "Outline of Waterways" and "Chronology of Emperors in Past Dynasties".

qi zhouhua: Tiantai, Zhejiang province, was a traveler in Qing dynasty. Good tour, footprints all over the world. To protect Lv Liuliang, he was executed (commonly known as dismemberment). There are "Five Mountains Wandering Grass" and so on.

Qi Yanhuai: Zi Meng Shu,No. Meilu, a native of Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province, was an official and scholar in the Qing Dynasty. Jiaqing Jinshi, once a magistrate in Jingui County, Jiangsu Province, has made achievements in governance, and made up for it after the magistrate. Famous for his poetry and calligraphy, he has a good appreciation. There are "Mei Lu Lian Cun" and so on.

qi chengyan: a native of Tianjin, Zhili, was a minister in the Qing dynasty. Daoguang juren, who was in charge of punishments at the beginning, has been in punishments for many years and is called diligent and cautious. Tongzhi for four years, tired officer to ministers of punishments.

Qi Xieyuan, a native of Ninghe (now Tianjin) in Zhili, was a direct warlord of Beiyang School. He used to be the governor of Jiangsu, and became a traitor in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and served as the commander-in-chief of the appeasement army. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he was shot by the Kuomintang government.

Qi Rushan: a native of Levin, Zhili (now Hebei). Also known as Zong Kang (1875-1962). In his early years, he entered the Chinese Language Museum in Beijing to study German and French. After running a business. I have traveled to Europe three times. After the Revolution of 1911, he devoted himself to the collection, collation and research of traditional Chinese operas and taught at Beiping Women's College of Arts and Sciences. In 1931, he participated in the organization of Beiping National Drama Society, and later added a National Drama Training Institute, edited and published Drama Series and National Drama Pictorial, and devoted himself to the study of Beijing folk customs. The People's Republic of China went to Taiwan Province before its founding. Died of illness in Taiwan Province. When I was in mainland China, I worked with Mei Lanfang for many years and was the stage screenwriter and director of Mei Opera. He is a Beijing opera theorist and dramatist.

qi Baishi is a famous painter from Xiangtan, Hunan province. He worked as a carpenter in his early years, then settled in Beijing, specializing in selling paintings and engraving, making flowers, birds, insects and fish, and painting landscape figures. Seal cutting is a beginner of Zhejiang school, and later it is mostly cut and printed in Han Dynasty. After liberation, he was awarded the title of People's Artist. Former Chairman of China Artists Association. He died in 1957 at the age of 94.

4.No. of the County Lookout Hall

1. County Lookout

Runan County: Emperor Henkel set the county and ruled Shangcai (now the northwest of Shangcai, Henan Province). The jurisdiction is equivalent to the area south of central Henan Province and north of Huaihe River in Anhui Province. The Eastern Jin Dynasty ruled the hanging city, that is, Runan today. Runan County in Sui and Tang Dynasties was Cai Zhou (formerly known as Yuzhou).

Levin County: the city of Levin during the Warring States Period. Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty set up Levin County to govern Levin (now the east area of Gaoyang County, Hebei Province). Jin once set up Levin State and ruled Bolu (now south of Lixian County). The Northern Wei Dynasty set Levin County in Qingzhou, and still ruled Levin. Sui waste.

Zhongshan County: The Warring States period was Zhongshan, which was the capital of the country (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province). It was later destroyed by the state of Zhao. Emperor Han Gao set Zhongshan County, which is equivalent to the northern part of Hebei Province today. Once destroyed by Wei, it moved to Lingshou (now northeast of Pingshan) after the restoration of the country. It was destroyed by Zhao in 296 BC.

2. HallNo.

Jane Auditorium: In the early Zhou Dynasty, Jiang Taigong was sealed to Qi. After five months, Ziya came to the court to report her work. Premier Zhou Gong asked him, "Is your country ready so soon?" Ziya replied, "I'm simple and polite." It means to simplify the communication between the monarch and the minister, and all manners are from the common customs. The Duke of Zhou listened to the praise and said, "If it is too complicated to implement policies and laws, people will not dare to approach you;" Only by being approachable can the people truly support you. "

In addition, the main Tang names of the Qi surname are: Runan Hall, Yuzhi Hall, Zhongshan Hall, Baolun Hall, Levin Hall and Ziyan Hall.

v. clan characteristics

1. Qi surname is a typical northern surname, which originated in the north and flourished in the north.

2. The surname Qi was especially beautiful in the Tang Dynasty. In this period, there appeared two prime ministers in the history of Qi surname, namely Qi Ying and Qi Kang. Both prime ministers came from a family of bureaucrats. And Qi Ying is from Levin, Yingzhou, and Qi Kang is from Yifeng, Dingzhou, which makes a good footnote for Levin and Zhongshan County.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

recognize the unicorn.

—— General couplet of ancestral halls with Qi surname written anonymously

The couplet refers to that during the Zhenguan period of Qi Jiruo in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu, Ouyang Zhan, Jia Ling, Chen Yu and others joined the list of scholars. People think that they are all outstanding people in the world, so they are called "Dragon and Tiger List". The second couplet refers to the Northern Song Dynasty Huiji people who were born in the Qi and Tang Dynasties, whose ancestors were the ancestors. When they were young, they were poor and studied hard. During the reign of Saint, they were scholars, and their official works were Zuo Lang, and they were awarded Nanxiong. At that time, the "Kirin" was presented at the intersection of toes, and no one in the DPRK could know it. Qi and Tang quoted the classics and thought it was not Kirin, and everyone admired him for his profound knowledge. From the post-official to the post-official. He is the author of Academy Elite and Shaowei Collection (he once lived in Shaowei Mountain).

textual research after revision;

poetry is coquettish.

—— The general couplet of ancestral halls with the surname Qi was written anonymously.

The couplet refers to Qi Zhaonan, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, whose name was Cifeng, Qiongtai and Xiyuan in his later years, who was from Tiantai, Zhejiang Province. In the early years of Qianlong, he cited learned words, served as a review, and went through the official to the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. Participate in the compilation of textual research on the history of Confucian classics, and write Textual Research on the Book of Rites and Textual Research on the Pre-Han Dynasty, etc. Especially good at geography, he participated in the compilation of the unified records of the Qing Dynasty, wrote 28 volumes of the Outline of Waterways, and wrote Baolun Chang Wen Chao Shi Chao. The second couplet refers to Qi Ji, a poet and monk in the Tang Dynasty, whose real name is Hu, who was born in Yiyang, Tanzhou. When I was a teenager, I liked Buddhism. I once lived in longxing temple, Jiangling, and I was named Saman Hengyue. He is good at reciting poetry and singing with the poet Zheng Gu. His style is clean and elegant, and his language is simple and light. There are ten volumes of "White Lotus Collection" and one volume of poetic theory "coquettish purport".

runan shize;

taigong family voice.

—— The general couplet of the ancestral hall of Qi surname was written anonymously

The general couplet refers to that Lu Shangfeng, the great grandfather, was sealed in Qi, and his descendants took the country as their surname.

Ji Liu Zhao;

the east China sea is sealed.

—— The general couplet of the ancestral hall of Qi surname was written anonymously.

The all-couplet canon refers to the chronicle of Tang Dynasty and Qi Dynasty.

ban Lian jun Jie;

elite scholars.

—— General couplet of ancestral hall with Qi surname written anonymously

The couplet refers to Tang Jiruo. The second couplet refers to Song Qitang.

Jiang Nv sends a chant;

qi e is kind.

—— The general couplet of ancestral hall with Qi surname written anonymously

The couplet refers to the ancient women's surname, and the Qi State of Zhou Dynasty was named Jiang, so the Qi Hou women were also called "Qi Jiang". The second couplet speaks to Lu Ji's poem, Han E is in the east of Qi, lacking food, selling songs and begging for food. I went, but the reverberation was lingering for three days.

-----------.

the moon is always new in the clouds.

—— General couplet of ancestral hall with Qi surname written anonymously

This couplet is a poem couplet of Qi Gao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.

it's hard to write before you think twice;

one branch becomes famous.

—— General couplet of ancestral halls with the surname Qi written by Qi Baishi

This couplet was written by Qi Baishi, a famous painter. Qi Baishi, formerly known as Chunzhi, was named Wei Qing, later renamed Huang, and changed his name to Lisheng, named Baishi. lake