1. Main problems in the development of green food
1. Contradiction between cost and benefit of green food products
At present, the cost of producing green food is higher than that of ordinary food, mainly because of the following reasons: First, the production technology standard of green food is high, and the requirements for soil, temperature, water, atmosphere and varieties are strict, and the products require one product and one number, individual packaging, unified distribution and so on. Second, in the production process, it is necessary to meet the technical requirements of green food production without using or using less fertilizers and pesticides, which will affect the product output to some extent; Third, the declaration of green food must be carried out by qualified provincial testing institutions on the water, soil, gas and product quality, processing technology, packaging, transportation and other processes in the whole process of quality testing, and certification can only be obtained after passing. Therefore, a green food product logo will cost a certain amount of money from declaration to certification. The above factors determine that the production cost of green food is relatively higher than that of ordinary products.
in foreign countries, the price of organic food or ecological food is generally 5% ~ 2% higher than that of ordinary products, and the interests of producers can be guaranteed, so they have great enthusiasm for production.
In our province, due to various reasons, it is impossible for many green foods to get such high prices, resulting in no obvious difference in economic benefits between green foods and ordinary products. In this way, the production of green food has no obvious advantage in income, but the cost is much higher than that of ordinary products, thus not improving the economic benefits of green food producers and green food production enterprises, inevitably affecting the enthusiasm of producers and ultimately affecting the healthy development of green food industry.
2. contradiction between high-tech demand and low-tech investment
the production of green food requires the prohibition or restriction of chemical synthetic substances such as pesticides and fertilizers. Therefore, advanced and applicable technologies are required, such as soil ecological fertilization and fertility maintenance technology, integrated control technology of diseases, pests and weeds, environmental pollution control and integrated management technology, waste resource utilization technology and green food processing, packaging, transportation, storage and preservation technology. At the same time, there must be efficient and non-toxic means of production, such as fertilizers, pesticides, feed additives, as well as preservatives and artificial pigments in food processing. However, at present, the green technology in this field is still very scarce in China, and the green means of production are few and the price is high.
As scientific research departments engaged in the research and promotion of green technology and green means of production, many of them are or have already carried out system reform and started to go to the market, so there are some phenomena that they are too eager for benefits and quick success. A few immature technologies and products have also been introduced to the market, and farmers have no effect after using them, so they can only retreat to traditional technologies and efficient but high-residue means of production, thus affecting the quality of green food and the production environment.
3. Contradiction between green production and green consumption consciousness
(1) As for producers, chemical fertilizers and pesticides play a significant role in improving crop yield, agricultural production with yield as the main goal is increasingly dependent on them in the production process. At present, although everyone is fully aware of the importance of sustainable development and green production, farmers, as the main body of production, lack due understanding of the development of green food. When the development of green food production conflicts with the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, farmers choose to increase production and apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but give up the production technical regulations that green food should follow. This phenomenon is not only prominent in field production, but also in some greenhouse production and even in some green food production bases. In recent years, with the improvement of science and technology, some new factors affecting food safety have emerged, such as the abuse of growth regulators and growth hormones, which has become a new hidden danger affecting food safety.
(2) At present, many consumers don't know or understand green food, and think that green crops and vegetables grown in the field are all green food. Others think that everything natural or wild is green, such as wild vegetables. In fact, green food refers to pollution-free safe, high-quality and nutritious food. Pollution-free means pollution-free in the production process, including pollution-free in the production environment. If the production environment is very bad, even if it grows in the wild, it is not a green food, and it may even be inedible because of the accumulation of poisons.
4. The contradiction between brand creation and brand protection "It is easier to start a business than to keep it". In the process of green food development, we will also encounter such problems. At present, due to the attention and support of governments at all levels, all localities are actively applying for green food labels, and green food management departments will also focus on the early inspection and label approval, and relatively relax the follow-up management (especially the effective management of the production process), resulting in raw material production meeting standards, pollution in the processing process, or processed products meeting standards, pollution in the market circulation, etc., and finally few real green foods arrive at consumers' tables. The production base that has obtained the green food label has not been tracked, monitored, inspected and managed in time; A small number of green food production enterprises continue to use the expired mark after the green food certification expires (generally valid for 3 years) in order to obtain immediate profits. As a result, the market of green products is in a chaotic situation, and it is difficult for consumers to distinguish between true and false, which further harms the interests of real green food producers and will fundamentally restrict the healthy development of green food.
5. It's not difficult to set the contradictory goals of attaching importance to goals and neglecting planning. It's simple to say how many green food production bases to build or how many green foods to develop, but scientific planning is needed to achieve these goals. Planning is not equal to planning, and planning is a systematic project. First of all, we should consider the macro social development background and the micro social and economic conditions of the project area. Secondly, we should analyze and predict the market prospect of products and local resource conditions, and we should not blindly plan to develop everything into green food, nor should we just develop a single industry and destroy the ecological balance; On the basis of systematic analysis, the goal of developing green food and the content of planning development can be put forward, and at the same time, the supporting measures and implementation steps to achieve the goal should be put forward.
Developing green food is also a systematic project. On the basis of good resources, it needs close cooperation and division of labor among many industries and departments, so it needs scientific planning. However, at present, when developing green food in many places, regardless of whether there are local resources, whether there is a market for products, and whether it is in line with local industrial development policies, they vigorously develop green food and blindly raise funds and labor to invest in construction and production, but they often fail because of lack of scientific planning and design. A lot of financial, material and human resources are wasted, which not only fails to play the leading role of green food industry, but also causes people's prejudice and misunderstanding about the development of green food.
In addition, there are still some shortcomings in the management and supervision of green food signs: First, the green food signs lack proper publicity and promotion, which fails to leave a deep impression on the public, and many citizens are difficult to distinguish whether the signs are true or false, which gives illegal businesses an opportunity; Second, the market monitoring is far from meeting the needs of development, and the quality monitoring system of agricultural products is still far from perfect; Third, the management mechanism of green food is not perfect and there is a lack of good maintenance of green food brands.
after a place has good resources and ecological environment, as long as it is produced, processed and transported in strict accordance with the technical regulations for the production of green food, it can be declared and certified as a green food mark. Therefore, it is not difficult to create a green food brand, but it is difficult to maintain the brand for a long time and always meet the standards required by the brand. At present, on the basis of creating the green food industry, how to maintain and maintain the reputation of green food, standardize the green food market, put an end to the appearance of counterfeit and shoddy products, ensure the healthy and nutritious image of green food in the eyes of the public, and maintain the benign and healthy development of green food industry is the most important task facing the development of green food industry in our province.
2. Countermeasures for the development of green food industry
1. Guiding ideology, development direction and development focus of green food industry development
(1) The guiding ideology is guided by scientific and technological innovation and Scientific Outlook on Development, with ensuring consumption safety as the basic goal and strengthening label management as the breakthrough point, comprehensively promote agricultural standardization, vigorously develop pollution-free agricultural products, accelerate the development of green food, develop organic agricultural products according to local conditions, further improve the quality and safety level of agricultural products, and ensure safe and high-quality agricultural products.
(2) development direction: adhere to the development idea of "trinity and overall promotion" of pollution-free agricultural products, green food and organic agricultural products, speed up the development process and establish a brand image. As the basic condition of market access, pollution-free agricultural products should be guided by the government, and on the basis of speeding up the identification of origin and strengthening product certification, sign management should be implemented according to law, and the transformation from phased certification to compulsory certification should be gradually promoted to fully realize pollution-free production and safe consumption of agricultural products. As a safe and high-quality boutique brand, green food should adhere to the management of certification trademark and quality certification simultaneously, and the government should promote and guide the market in parallel, with the goal of meeting high-level consumer demand and promoting the overall competitiveness of agricultural products in the market. Organic agricultural products are an effective means to expand the export of agricultural products. We should adhere to the international market demand, follow the international common practice, gradually realize the whole process management transformation from product certification to base certification, base on the national conditions, give full play to the advantages and characteristics of agricultural resources, and develop organic agricultural products according to local conditions.
(3) development focus: At present and in the future, the total scale of pollution-free agricultural products and green food should be rapidly expanded to increase market share; Organic agricultural products should highlight resource advantages and market demand, and improve quality and efficiency. The development of pollution-free agricultural products focuses on "vegetable basket" and "rice bag" products; The development of green food focuses on superior agricultural products, processed agricultural products and export agricultural products; Organic agricultural products focus on the development of agricultural products with international market demand.
2. government promotion is the fundamental guarantee for the development of green food industry. Developing green food is the inevitable choice to improve and ensure product quality and safety. Government departments at all levels, from central to local, should attach great importance to the production of green food and adopt effective policies and measures to support the development of green food from the aspects of project support, fund inclination, scientific and technological investment and price protection. We should establish a policy incentive mechanism, give preferential policies to green food producers, so that green food producers can really benefit, focus on supporting powerful and high-tech producers, speed up the production and development of high-quality, sophisticated and cutting-edge green food, promote the development of green food through scale effect, and ensure the interests of green food producers, thus solving the contradiction of unequal costs and benefits of green food producers and improving the enthusiasm of enterprises to produce and develop green food. Specifically, we can promote the development of green food by setting up green food declaration success award and green food standardization production demonstration project award. For example, the ziyang Municipal Government has set up the Green Food Declaration Success Award (3, yuan for each reporting enterprise), the Green Food Standardization Production Award (5, yuan for reporting units that have established a national green food raw material standardization production base of over 1, mu, and 3, yuan for provincial green food standardization production bases) and the Organic Food Declaration Success Award (1, yuan for each reporting enterprise). The governments of Lezhi County, Anyue County and Yanjiang District have also issued relevant incentive policies to support and develop green food and organic food.
with the strong support of governments at all levels, the green food industry in ziyang has made a breakthrough after six years of development. 51 products from 15 enterprises in the city have obtained green food product certificates; Among them: 15 products from 4 enterprises in jianyang city, 16 products from 4 enterprises in Yanjiang District, 4 products from 2 enterprises in Anyue County and 16 products from 5 enterprises in Lezhi County. The approved total physical production is 89,529.34t; One enterprise (Jianyang Zhengdong Company) and one product (5, goats) have obtained the organic food product certificate, and the Yanshan Company in Lezhi County has passed the environmental inspection of the organic food production base; Green food production base (Jianyang Guoguang Company) 1 product. Another 16 enterprises have passed the environmental inspection of the green food production base.
The existing green food production base in ziyang covers an area of 424,4 mu, of which: Anyue County has established a national standardized production base for green food raw materials, with 13, mu of rice and 15, mu of lemon, and the area of green food production base in the city only accounts for 1.26% of the cultivated land area; In addition, Anyue County has established a national standardized production base for green food raw materials of 217, mu, which has passed environmental monitoring and is in the establishment period.
in addition, the state should increase its support for scientific research departments, give appropriate preference to project approval and financial support, and encourage scientific research departments to speed up the development of more green technologies and means of production to meet the needs of green food production. At the same time, we should increase scientific and technological investment in the development of green food and strengthen technical training for managers, scientific and technological personnel and producers; Scientific research institutes and institutions of higher learning can be used as technical support units to develop green food, so as to provide strong scientific and technological support and solve the contradiction between high-tech demand and low-tech investment in the development of green food in our province.
3. Intensify publicity, improve the brand awareness of green food, carry out extensive publicity activities, and use all available media and public opinion tools such as radio, radio, television, newspapers, internet, etc. to publicize to the society, strengthen consumers' understanding of green food, deepen social attention to the development of green food, and create a good external environment.
(1) To strengthen the publicity of green food, we should guide consumers to fully understand and understand the role and significance of green food in protecting the ecological environment, promoting human health, and improving the economic benefits of agriculture and food processing industries, highlighting that green consumption is not equal to "aristocratic consumption", raising the green awareness of the whole nation, and advocating a new concept of green food consumption, so as to urge consumers to consciously buy and use green products, enhance their green consumption ability and vitality, and form an effective green demand in a practical sense. Promote the scale development of green food with effective demand, and scale development can reduce the cost and sales price, so that more people can accept green food and form a virtuous circle.
(2) Strengthen the publicity of green food labels, so that the public can know more about green food and its labels, fully understand green food, and distinguish between true and false green food. It is necessary for the public to know and understand green food by publishing the introduction of green food labels in the news media, so that the broadest masses can know and accept green food; You can also take the form of coding, one code for each green product, and citizens can query the information of each code on the media such as newspapers, internet and so on, such as product name, production unit and product approval.