Traditional fruit tree species distributed in gneiss areas include jujube, persimmon, junqianzi, walnut, apple, pomegranate, pepper, chestnut, pear, peach, apricot, mountain apricot, wild Kiwi fruit and sand fruit, etc. With the adjustment of the agricultural industry structure, some new varieties or tree species have been introduced in recent years, such as winter jujube, pear jujube, apricot plum, etc. Fruit trees with characteristics and economies of scale include Zanhuang jujube, Xingtang jujube, walnut, persimmon tree, pomegranate pepper, apple and chestnut. The distribution and quality characteristics of the main types are as follows.

1. Pomegranate

Pomegranates are grown in all counties in the mountainous area, but pomegranates with good quality and large scale are mainly distributed in Yuanshi County, and the "Mantianhong" brand trademark has been registered. , and formulated corporate standards. Pomegranate has been cultivated in my country for more than two thousand years, and is recorded in "Natural History" and "Guang Qun Fang Pu". Especially from the middle of the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, its cultivation gradually reached its heyday. Today, Fenglongshan Pomegranate Villa still retains rich Han cultural relics, which is closely related to the extensive local pomegranate planting. There are currently 50,500 acres of pomegranates in Yuanshi County, with an annual output of about 4 million kilograms, forming a major economic pillar industry in Yuanshi. They are mainly distributed in Beizheng Township, Heishuihe Township and Qianxian Township in hilly and mountainous areas. According to surveys and interviews, some pomegranate trees in Sandaopo and Nanzigou are more than 200 years old. In terms of varieties, pomegranates can be divided into two varieties: sour pomegranates and sweet pomegranates (Table 1-6-1). Sour pomegranates, with a low sugar-acid ratio (around 1.11), are concentrated in Nanzigou and are the most famous. Together with large areas of sweet pomegranates, they form the Nanzigou Pomegranate Villa in Fenglong Mountain. Nanzigou may be the birthplace of sour pomegranate. Sweet pomegranate has a high sugar-acid ratio (around 19.06) and is mainly distributed in Hujiazhuang, Sandaopo, Beizheng, Lutai, Qianxian, Heishuihe and other places in hilly and semi-mountainous areas.

Table 1-6-1 Quality comparison table of Nanzigou sweet pomegranate and sour pomegranate

Based on sensory identification such as naked eye observation, touch and taste, as well as local fruit farmers Agricultural experts have observed for many years that when the varieties are the same and the management level is roughly the same, the quality distribution of sweet pomegranates is also regular in space. Among them, Hujiazhuang and Sandaopo are more famous and have better quality. In order to quantitatively determine the quality of sweet pomegranates in various places and verify sensory understanding, the Open Research Laboratory of Environmental Geology of the Ministry of Land and Resources measured the quality of sweet pomegranates from different Yuanshi origins. The measurement results show that the spatial distribution of sweet pomegranate quality is consistent with the observations of fruit farmers and agricultural experts. The quality of sweet pomegranates has obvious changes in space. The solid content and sugar-acid ratio of pomegranates in Sandaopo and Hujiazhuang areas are both high, generally reaching around 21.00, indicating excellent quality (Table 1-6-2). In comparison, the quality of sweet pomegranates in Lutai, Nanzigou, Beizheng and other places is slightly inferior.

Table 1-6-2 Comparison of the quality of sweet pomegranates from different origins in Yuanshi County

2. Persimmon trees

They are planted in every county in the mountainous area. Counties with large scale and high output are mainly Yuanshi, Zanhuang and Pingshan counties. The annual persimmon output of Pingshan County alone reaches 9.7 million kg. The main persimmon production areas with good quality and high yield in Zanhuang County are in the Dashimen and Xiaoshimen areas of Yuantou Town; the high-quality Mopan persimmon production areas in Pingshan County are mainly around Dongwangpo. The Dahongpao persimmon tree with high reputation and good quality is the Dahongpao persimmon tree in Yuanshi County. The Dahongpao persimmon tree is the most widely distributed in Yuanshi County. There are many century-old trees and they are mainly planted in scattered fields. They are mostly distributed in terraces and terraces. side. According to many years of observations by local fruit farmers and forestry experts, the quality of Dahongpao persimmons is most famous in the Heishui River and Mingxiu Village areas and is of excellent quality. According to the research results of Yilinology, the sugar-acid ratio alone is not enough to show the inherent quality of persimmons. Tannin can reflect the changing pattern of persimmon quality. The sugar-acid ratio and tannin measurement results of Yuanshi persimmons from different origins (Table 1-6 -3) shows that the tannin content of persimmons in the Heishui River area is relatively high, and the tannin content per 100 grams of pulp can reach more than 100 mg. The tannin content of persimmons in other areas is significantly lower.

Table 1-6-3 Persimmon quality test results at different locations in Yuanshi County

3. Jujube trees

It has a long history of planting in gneiss mountainous areas , according to Xingtang County Chronicles, it was recorded as early as the fourth year of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty. It has a cultivation history of more than 560 years and is called a "hardcore crop" by farmers. In Zanhuang and Xingtang counties, jujube has become a major advantage in the county economy. Zanhuang County currently has a jujube base of 180,000 acres, with an annual output of 20,000 tons of fresh dates; Xingtang County currently has 150,000 acres, with 8 million fruit-bearing trees, and an annual output of more than 15,000 tons. There are more than ten varieties of jujube trees, including Zanhuang jujube, Xingtang jujube, Xingtang jujube, Changzao, Damaya jujube, Dunzi jujube, and Xiaonan jujube. Xingtang jujube and Zanhuang jujube are both excellent varieties, but under basically the same horticultural management conditions, there are certain differences in quality between different origins of the same variety. The high-quality distribution areas of Zanhuang jujube are concentrated in the Dahedao and Luzhuang areas in the northwestern part of Xiyang Ze. Xingtang jujubes with good quality and high yield are distributed in Lianglingkou, Kugou, Huagou and Lujiayu areas. Among them, the places with high tannin content are Lianglingkou, Kugou and Lujiayu; the jujubes with high sucrose content are distributed in Kugou, Shizihe, Lujiayu Shanglianzhuang and Huagou; the jujubes with high soluble sugar content are distributed in Jujube is distributed in Zhoujiazhuang, Kugou and Lujiayu (Figure 1-6-1~Figure 1-6-5).

Figure 1-6-1 Comparison of tannin content in Xingtang Dunzi dates from different origins

Figure 1-6-2 Comparison of tannin content in Xingtang dates from different origins

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Figure 1-6-3 Comparison of soluble sugar and reducing sugar content in Xingtang jujube from different origins

Figure 1-6-4 Comparison of soluble sugar content in Xingtang Dunzi jujube from different origins Figure

Figure 1-6-5 Comparison of soluble sugar and reducing sugar in Xingtang jujube from different origins

The trace element analysis results of Xingtang jujube show (Table 1-6- 4) Xingtang jujube contains a large amount of trace elements needed by the human body. Compared with Cangzhou Jinsi jujube, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, Sr and other elements are significantly higher, reflecting the difference in ecological and geological background. .

4. Walnuts

Walnuts are distributed in various counties. Pingshan County alone has an annual output of 4 million kg of walnuts. According to the experience accumulated by fruit farmers for many years and the observations of agricultural experts, the best quality walnuts in Zanhuang County are produced in Zhanshiyan Township, the annual walnut output in Lingshou County is 3,000 tons, the walnut output in Chounikou and Nanying is of good quality, and the walnut output in Pingshan County is of good quality. The county's high-quality walnuts are distributed in Nilihe, Shahu, Yushuping and Baicaoping.

Table 1-6-4 Trace element analysis results of Xingtang jujube (moisture content 27.65)

5. Chestnut

In the ancient area of ??Lingshou Yangjiatai There were already chestnut trees, but on a smaller scale. Since the 1990s, driven by the upsurge in mountainous area development, chestnut trees have grown to 80,000 acres, with an annual output of 300 tons. Chestnut production in Zanhuang County has also developed in the past ten years. It has grown to 30,000 acres, with an annual output of more than 30 tons. Pingshan County has also begun to develop chestnuts in recent years, but it is not yet large-scale. There are only sporadic plantings in other mountainous counties.

6. Zanthoxylum bungeanum

It is distributed in various counties, with the largest scale in Pingshan County, with an annual output of 1.6 million kg of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. The main producing areas with high yield and good quality are the Bailing area and Yuanfang, Shipengou and other places. The second largest one is Lingshou County, which has high output. The large-scale production areas include Xinkai, Zhainan, Wafangtai, Hanba and Longtang.