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Before the emergence of the company, the sole proprietorship was the most typical form of business; coexisting with the sole proprietorship were various partnership organizations, and the partnership organization at that time was the most typical is a family-run group.

Before the emergence of the company, partnerships did not obtain the status of legal persons, but there were other legal entities. This situation can be traced back to ancient Rome. In ancient Rome, the state, local self-government groups, religious groups such as monasteries, and public welfare groups such as nursing homes all acquired the status of legal persons. By the Middle Ages, some trading groups had acquired the status of legal persons, especially those engaged in overseas trade. In medieval England, such organizations enjoyed greater independence than partnerships.

1. Unlimited Company

The earliest company was the Unlimited Company. However, there is no essential difference between an unlimited company and a partnership. It is just a partnership organization that has obtained the status of a legal person.

The first legislation regarding unlimited companies was the "Commercial Regulations" of Louis XIV of France in 1673, which was called an ordinary company at the time. In the French Commercial Code of 1807, it was renamed a joint company. The "Commercial Code of Japan" also stipulates the term "Gonmei Kaisha". Unlimited companies have experienced considerable development since their emergence, but with the emergence of joint stock companies and limited liability companies, unlimited companies have taken a back seat.

2. Co., Ltd.

The Co., Ltd. evolved from the Commanda organization that emerged in the 15th century. In the Commanda organization, some people contribute capital but bear limited liability; some people contribute but bear unlimited liability. Later, the Commanda organization developed into two business forms, one is an anonymous partnership (limited partnership), and the other is a limited liability company.

3. Joint Stock Company

In 1555, the Queen of England granted a charter to trade with Russian companies, thus creating the first joint stock company in the modern sense. It is generally believed that joint stock companies originated from colonial companies established by Britain, the Netherlands and other countries in the 17th century. For example, the famous British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company were the earliest joint stock companies.

4. Limited liability company

The limited liability company first emerged in Germany at the end of the 19th century. A limited company basically absorbs the advantages of unlimited companies and joint-stock companies, avoiding the shortcomings of both, and is especially suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises. The earliest limited liability company legislation was the German Limited Liability Company Act in 1892. Later, France in 1919 and Japan in 1938 also enacted the "Limited Company Law".