Take the bamboo paper manufacturing method recorded in the ancient Chinese book "Tiangong Kaiwu" as an example. The steps for making paper from bamboo in ancient times are as follows:

1. Cut bamboo and float it in the pond

Cut young bamboo, put it into the pond, and soak it for more than a hundred days to use natural microorganisms to decompose and dissolve it. Wash away the green bark of bamboo.

2. Boil the bamboos obtained above in the "Wangzu" bucket with lime for eight days and eight nights.

3 . Beating mortar

Take out the bamboo treated above, put it into a stone mortar, and beat it with a stone hammer until the bamboo is broken into pieces and resembles clay surface.

4. Pour the material into the curtain. p>

Pour the broken bamboo material into the water tank, and use the bamboo curtain to swish the material in the water. The bamboo material becomes a thin layer attached to the bamboo curtain, and the rest of the water flows down the trough from the four sides of the bamboo curtain.

5. Cover the curtain and press the paper

Then pass the curtain repeatedly so that the wet paper falls on the board to form a sheet of paper. Repeat the steps of spreading the material and covering the curtain. Thousands of sheets of wet paper are stacked on top of each other, and then a wooden board is placed on top to squeeze out most of the water.

6. Dry through fire

Put the wet paper up one by one. , and then dried. The equipment for baking paper is to build a tunnel with earth bricks. After the temperature of the bricks rises, the wet paper is put on them one by one and dried, and then the paper is made.

Edit this paragraph Modern papermaking methods

Modern papermaking

Modern papermaking procedures can be divided into main steps such as pulping, modulation, papermaking, and processing

1. The process of pulping

Pulping is the first step in papermaking. Generally, there are three methods to convert wood into pulp: mechanical pulping, chemical pulping and semi-chemical pulping. .

2. Preparation

The preparation of paper stock is another key point in papermaking. The strength, color tone, printability and shelf life of the paper are directly related to the finished paper. It is related to it. The common preparation process can be roughly divided into the following three steps: a. Slurrying b. Beating c. Gluing and filling

3. Papermaking

Process of papermaking The main work of the department is to uniformly interweave and dehydrate thin paper materials, and then dry, calender, roll, cut, sort, and package them. Therefore, the common processes are as follows: a. Screening of paper materials The prepared paper stock is then diluted to a lower concentration, and impurities and undisintegrated fiber bundles are screened again through the screening equipment to maintain quality and protect the equipment. b. The net section allows the paper stock to flow out of the head box. Distribute and interweave evenly on the circulating copper wire mesh or plastic mesh. c. The pressing part guides the wet paper removed from the mesh surface to between two rollers with felt cloth, and uses the pressure of the roller and the force of the felt cloth. Water absorption further dehydrates the wet paper and makes the paper tighter to improve the paper surface and increase the strength. d. The moisture content of the wet paper after being squeezed in the dryer is still as high as 52-70%. It is no longer possible to use mechanical force to remove moisture, so the wet paper is passed through the surface of many cylinders with heated steam inside to dry the paper. e. The paper roll is rolled into a paper roll by a paper rolling machine f. Cutting. . Sorting and packaging: Take multiple paper rolls that have been rolled into tubes, cut them into pieces of paper with a paper cutter, and then sort them manually or mechanically to remove damaged or stained papers. Finally, every five One hundred sheets are packed into a pack (usually called a ream).

Edit this paragraph to explain the paper flow

Modern papermaking

Fiber is the most basic material that makes up general paper, and this fiber must be plant fiber. Some thin sheets made from animal fibers such as wool and silk cannot be called "paper" even though they have various functions and characteristics of paper. Paper made from chemical polymer fibers can only be called synthetic paper. . Another essential element of papermaking is fiber beating and tapping. Using stirrers and high-horsepower machinery, the plant fibers are bifurcated and broken, and then made into paper, which has a greater binding force and is not as easy to slip off as smooth silk-like fibers; in addition, after beating The debris and paste produced have the function of filling the pores and bonding the paper during papermaking. In ancient or modern handmade papermaking, a frame of bamboo was used to sift out the floating fibers in the pulp. Since the sifting action has front and rear short sides and left and right long sides, the handmade paper fibers can be very uniform and free in various directions. Arrangement does not produce the silk flow problem mentioned in this article.

Furthermore, the modern waterless dry papermaking method uses air dispersion and gluing to make paper. The fibers are also arranged in a free shape and have no direction of filament flow. Wet mechanical papermaking, regardless of the old-fashioned rotary screen machine, single screen machine or double screen machine, can use very thin pulp of about 1%, which is spread from the head box behind the papermaking screen. The screen will move horizontally or incline, which will The principle is to make the fibers align along the direction of movement of the papermaking net. The principle is the same as when river water flows rapidly. If there are no other disturbing factors, the driftwood will naturally be mostly arranged in the direction of the water flow, with less diagonal or transverse flow to reduce resistance. Therefore, when papermaking The fibers in the thin pulp on the paper web have a unidirectional flow rate due to the advancement of the web before the moisture is lost. Most of the fibers are arranged in parallel flow directions, thus forming the reason for the "filament flow" arrangement of mechanical papermaking in the future. The flow of paper has a great influence on various "properties" and "shapes" of paper, such as tear resistance, curling, elongation, shrinkage and origami processing, book stiffness and opening suitability, etc. It has an absolute impact. For example, the flow of trademark paper must be parallel to the original height in order for the automatic packaging machine to operate smoothly. However, the importance of paper flow is rarely taken seriously, which is not a good thing in printing project planning.