Original text:
The Palace of the Sui Emperor
Tang Dynasty: Li Shangyin
His Ziquan Palace has been occupied by clouds, because he will take the whole Yangzhou as his private territory.
If the imperial seal had not been seized by Tang Taizu, he would have set sail long ago.
Fireflies are gone now, leaving the weathered grassland, but they are still perched by weeping willow crows at dusk.
If he met, the world was in chaos, and the later Emperor Chen, do you think they would mention a "Garden Flower"? .
Translation:
The halls and pavilions in Chang 'an are idle and closed, and the sky is shrouded in gloom. I want to build a more luxurious palace in Jiangdu.
If it weren't for the emperor's decree, it was the Li family's; Emperor Yang Di's brocade sail can travel all over the world.
In those days, only rotten grass was left in the place where fireflies were placed, and fireflies had already cut off their roots and buds; Over the years, the Sui Dyke has been lonely and cold, and the weeping willows on both sides of the strait have returned to their nests.
If he and Chen Houzhu meet again underground, can he enjoy another song "backyard flowers"?
Precautions:
⑴ Sui Palace: refers to the palace built by Yang Di Yang Guang in Jiangdu (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province).
⑵ Ziquan: Because Tang Gaozu was named Li Yuan, it was changed to Chang 'an River. Sima Xiangru's Shanglin Fu describes the emperor's Shanglin Garden: "Fresh water flows south and Zi Yuan flows north". Ziquan Palace is a palace used in the Sui Dynasty to refer to Chang 'an, Kyoto. Lock the smog: there are clouds in the air.
(3) "Want to Take" sentence: "Yang Diji": "In March of the first year of Daye, more than one million men and women from various counties in Henan sailed through the canal, and in August, they boarded a dragon boat to celebrate Jiangdu." Wucheng, namely Guangling (now Yangzhou). The emperor's home, the imperial city.
(4) Imperial seal (xǐ): the imperial seal. Sun angle: the frontal angle is prominent, which the ancients regarded as the emperor. This refers to Tang Gaozu Tang Gaozu. "Biography of Tang Jian in Old Tang Dynasty": "Gaozu was called to discuss current affairs in secret, and said:' Gong Ming is in Longting, Li is in the picture, and the world is looking forward to it'." The Book of Guangwu in the later Han Dynasty quoted Zheng Xuan's Notes on Waiting in Shangshu: "The sun angle is the bone in the court and looks like the sun." Zhu Jianping's Elephant Number: "There is a dragon and rhinoceros in the forehead, the sun in the left corner and the king in the right corner." Liu xiaobiao's theory of distinguishing fate: "dragon rhinoceros and sun angle are the watches of emperors."
5. Brocade: Yang Di's dragon boat is made of gorgeous court brocade. "Talking about the River": "The emperor moved the girder from Luoyang and ordered the Jianghuai States to build 500 large ships. When the dragon boat was built, the river flooded along the Huaihe River, fattening one after another and connecting thousands of miles. From the girder to Huaikou, cotton was endless. When the brocade sails pass, it smells fragrant for a hundred miles. "
[6] Rotten grass has no fireflies: "Book of Rites and Moon Order": "Rotten grass is a firefly." The ancients thought that fireflies changed from rotten grass. "Sui Shu Yang Diji": "In the twelfth year of the great cause, I went to the Jinghua Palace to beg for fireflies, and I had to welcome guests. I traveled to Shan Ye at night and let it go, and it was all over the rock valley. " This sentence is very exaggerated, saying that Yang-ti searched all the fireflies.
(7) weeping willows: in Yang Di, from Banzhu River to Huaihe River, imperial roads and willows are built along the river, which are called Sui Dike, with a total length of 1300 Li. "Talking about the River": "There are willows among the people, and the people strive to offer them. I also ordered my parents to plant a variety of plants, and the emperor himself planted one. After the ministers planted the first tree, the emperor wrote that the weeping willow was surnamed Yang, saying that it was also. "
(8) Underground sentence: Chen Houzhu: Chen Shubao, the last emperor of the Southern Dynasties, was a dissolute and subjugated king. Backyard flower: yushu backyard flower and Chen Houzhu created it with colorful lyrics. Sui Shu records that when Yang Di was in Jiangdu, he was often confused by monsters. I tasted the chicken table in Wugong Mansion and saw Chen Houzhu in a trance. The queen has dozens of dancers, one of whom is very beautiful, and the emperor has seen it again and again. The queen said, "That's Lihua." Li Hua was invited to dance "Flowers in Yushu Back Garden". Qi, the last song. "
Creative background:
This poem was written by the poet when he traveled to Jiangdong in his later years. It was written in the 11th year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (857), and it is as famous as the Seven Wonders of the same name. At that time, Li Shangyin was recommended by Liu Zhongying as a salt and iron official and traveled to Jiangdong.
Yang Di, Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty, is a typical example of the notorious corrupt monarch in the history of China. After he acceded to the throne, he did not take care of state affairs, but dug a canal of more than 2000 miles to take a boat from Luoyang to Jiangdu. He also planned to travel to Hangzhou, so he deliberately dug 800 miles south of the Yangtze River. Building a palace along the river runs out of people's fat paste. During his fourteen years in office, he visited Jiangdu three times. The dragon boat he took took more than 200 miles back and forth, sailing across the place and smelling ten miles. There are as many as 200,000 people accompanying each trip, and as many as 80,000 to 90,000 migrant workers on the tugboat. He was finally killed. Based on this, Li Shangyin wrote this poem, satirizing the warning of the former dynasty to the present from the perspective of the rise and fall of the country.
Appreciate:
The theme of the first couplet is "His Ziquan Palace has been occupied by clouds, because he will take the whole Yangzhou as his private territory". The poet associated the palace in Chang 'an with "clouds" and described it as magnificent and towering into the sky. Replacing Chang 'an with "Purple Spring" is also a choice of gorgeous words to set off "smoke clouds", thus setting off the grandeur of Chang 'an Palace. However, such a magnificent palace was locked in a mist, and the emperor would rather live in Wucheng. The word "lock" in the previous sentence also highlights the grandeur of Chang 'an Palace. With this preparation, the next sentence will follow the trend. Not living in Chang 'an, but taking Jiangdu, Yang Di's nature of seeking pleasure and doing whatever he wants has been faintly revealed. Scenery writing, narration, secret writing and explication are different, but all of them are out of criticism of the king who perished.
Three or four sentences: "If the decree had not been taken by the first emperor, he would have set sail long ago.". The poet said in a fictional tone: If the emperor's decree had not fallen into the hands of Li Yuan, Yang Guang would not have been satisfied with swimming in Jiangdu, and his brocade sail would have floated to the horizon long ago. According to historical records, Yang Guang not only dug more than 2,000 miles of Tongji Canal, but also visited Jiangdu many times. More than 800 miles of Jiangnan River have been dug, and it is planned to pick up dragon boats and build a post palace. I planned to visit Hangzhou, but it didn't happen. From the numerous historical facts of Yang Di's desire for pleasure, the poet gave a typical example to satirize his addiction to traveling by boat. Using a pen is also a combination of reality and reality. The reason for saying "truth" is that it is based on historical facts and the personality characteristics of the Sui Dynasty emperor, so although it is exaggerated, it does not lose the truth of historical facts and characters; It is said to be "virtual" because it has entered the poet's artistic imagination and is the highest real illusion produced through illusion. In real life, sailing will never reach the end of the world. The beauty of artistic creation lies in "similarity and dissimilarity", which is too kitsch to deceive the world. This is how the couplet "Yu" won a good sentence. Rhetorically, this couplet adopts conjunctions connected from top to bottom, which makes this poem present a mature and beautiful dynamic.
Necklace "Fireflies have gone now, leaving the weathered grass, but still weeping willows, crows inhabit the dusk. Two facts concerning Yang Guangyi's tour. One is to release fireflies: Yang Guang once asked for the number of fireflies at Jinghua Palace in Luoyang, "Let them fly in the mountains at night, and the light will spread all over the rock valley"; Jiangdu also released fireflies for fun and built a "firefly house". The other is planting willow: Bai Juyi wrote in "Willow on Sui Dyke": "In the great cause, I became the son of heaven and planted Liu Chengxing with running water; West to the Yellow River, east to the Huaihe River, with a green shadow of 1,300 miles. At the end of the great cause, the willow color is like smoke and snow; Nanxing Jiangdu is around, and this tree should reflect the dragon boat. " Linking "firefly" with "rotten grass", "weeping willow" and "dusk crow", we can feel the past and present in the sharp contrast between "being" and "not being", which profoundly embodies the historical lessons of national subjugation and decay. "Fireflies are now gone and have left the weathered grassland", which not only means that the place where fireflies were put at that time has become a ruin, only "rotten grass"; The deeper meaning is that Yang Guang desperately searched for fireflies for a night outing, and as a result, they became extinct. "Crows still inhabit in the weeping willows at dusk" renders the bleak scene after the national subjugation.
The previous sentence said "today" and "nothing", which naturally implied the "existence" of the past; The next sentence says "to die" and "to live", and that day naturally implies "nothing" Once upon a time, Yang Guang made a "southern tour" on a whim, but Qian Fan's military forces did not move, and the land and water went hand in hand, drums and music sang together, and colorful flags covered the sky; Weeping willows in Sui Dynasty, crows naturally dare not inhabit at dusk. It was not until Yang Guang was killed and the southern tour was a thing of the past that the crow dared to fly to the weeping willows on the Sui embankment for the night. These two sentences are compared with the past, but in artistic expression, they only show one aspect of comparison, both emotional and implicit.
"If he meets the tail couplet and puts it underground, the later Emperor Chen, do you think they will mention a song of flowers in the courtyard? ! "Through the dream story with Chen, the theme of criticizing national subjugation and debauchery is profoundly revealed in the style of conjecture and backchat. Chen surrendered to the Sui Dynasty because of debauchery and national subjugation, and he was very familiar with the Sui King at that time. When Yang Guang became emperor, he went to Jiangdu by dragon boat. In his dream, he saw the dead Chen and his beloved concubine Zhang Lihua, and asked Zhang Lihua to dance a song "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu". This dance music was written by Chen. It was denounced by later generations as "the voice of national subjugation". The poet specifically mentioned it here, meaning that he witnessed Chen's debauchery and national subjugation, but did not learn from it. He was addicted to the dragon boat trip, obsessed with the sound of national subjugation, and finally made the same mistake as Chen, died without regret and laughed at the world. At the end of the poem, he asked: If he met Chen underground, would he still have the courage to ask Zhang Lihua to dance another song "Flowers in the Back Garden"? Ask without answering, and the aftertaste is endless.
This poem is based on the fact that the former dynasty conquered the country, criticizes the conquered monarch with the language of the poem, speaks with the emperor of the late Tang Dynasty, and has lofty ideas. In the article, the whole poem is based on content words and mediated by function words, achieving a neat and vivid artistic effect.
About the author:
Li Shangyin, a native of Yuxi, xi, was a famous poet Fan Nansheng in the Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home is Qinyang, Hanoi (now Jiaozuo, Henan) and Xingyang, Zhengzhou. He is good at poetry writing, and his parallel prose also has high literary value. He is one of the most outstanding poets in the late Tang Dynasty. Together with Du Mu, it is called "Xiao", and together with Wen, it is called "Wen Li". Because his poems and essays are similar to the paragraphs and essays of the same period, all three of them rank sixteenth in the family, so they are also called "Thirty-six Style". His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially some love poems and untitled poems are touching, beautiful and moving, and are widely read. However, some poems are too obscure to be solved, and there is even a saying that "poets always love Quincy and hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng". Caught in the struggle between Niu and Li, I was frustrated all my life. After his death, he was buried in his hometown of Qinyang (now the junction of Qinyang and Aibo County in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province). His works are included in Li Yishan's poems.