Development background editor
Smart home is the embodiment of the Internet. Smart home connects all kinds of devices in the home (such as audio and video equipment, lighting system, curtain control, air conditioning control, security system, digital cinema system, audio and video server, video cabinet system, network appliances, etc.). ) Through the Internet of Things technology, it provides various functions and means such as home appliance control, lighting control, telephone remote control, indoor and outdoor remote control, burglar alarm, environmental monitoring, HVAC control, infrared forwarding, programmable timing control, etc. Compared with ordinary families, smart homes not only have traditional living functions, but also have the functions of building, network communication, information appliances and equipment automation, providing all-round information interaction functions, and even saving various energy costs.
The concept of smart home originated very early, but there has been no specific architecture case. It was not until 1984 that UTC applied the concept of informatization and integration of building equipment to CityPlaceBuilding in Hartford, Connecticut, USA, that the first "intelligent building" appeared, which opened the prelude to the global scramble to build smart homes.
A, Home Automation (home automation)
Home automation refers to the use of microprocessor electronic technology to integrate or control home electronic products or systems, such as lighting, coffee stoves, computer equipment, security systems, heating and cooling systems, video and audio systems. Home automation system mainly uses central processing unit (CPU) to receive information from related electronic and electrical products (changes in external environmental factors, such as changes in light caused by the rising or setting of the sun, etc.). ), and then send appropriate information to other electronic and electrical products according to established procedures. The central microprocessor must control household appliances through many interfaces, which can be keyboards, touch screens, buttons, computers, telephones, remote controllers and so on. Consumers can send signals to or receive signals from the central microprocessor.
Home automation is an important system of smart home. When smart home first appeared, home automation was even equivalent to smart home. Today, it is still one of the cores of smart home. However, with the wide application of network technology and the maturity of network appliances/information appliances, many product functions of home automation will be integrated into these new products, so that simple home automation products are less and less in system design, and their core position will be replaced by home network/home information system. It will play a role in smart home as the control network part of home network.
The most famous home automation system is X- 10 in America.
Second, the Home networking (home networking)
First of all, we should separate this home network from the pure "home LAN". In this book, we will also mention the name "home LAN/home intranet", which refers to the network system connecting PC, various peripherals and the Internet in the home, and it is only a part of the home network. Home network is a new technology to connect PC, home appliances, security system, lighting system and wide area network within the family (which can be extended to neighbors and communities). At present, the connection technology used in home network can be divided into two categories: "wired" and "wireless". Wired schemes mainly include twisted pair or coaxial cable connection, telephone line connection, power line connection, etc. Wireless solutions mainly include: infrared connection, radio connection, connection based on RF technology and wireless connection based on PC.
Compared with the traditional office network, the home network has added many home application products and systems, such as household appliances and lighting systems, so the corresponding technical standards are also very complicated, which also involves the interests of too many well-known network manufacturers and household appliances manufacturers. We will introduce various technical standards in detail in the chapter on smart home technology. The development trend of home network is to integrate other systems in smart home and eventually dominate the world.
Third, network appliances.
Network home appliance is a new type of home appliance designed and improved by using digital technology, network technology and intelligent control technology. Network appliances can be interconnected to form a home internal network, and this home network can be connected with the external Internet. It can be seen that the network home appliance technology includes two levels: the first is the interconnection between home appliances, that is, different home appliances can identify each other and work together. The second level is to solve the communication between the home appliance network and the external network, so that the home appliance network in the family can truly become an extension of the external network.
In order to realize the interconnection and information exchange between household appliances, the following problems need to be solved: 1. The product model describing the working characteristics of household appliances makes data exchange have specific significance; 2. Network media for information dissemination. In solving the difficulties of network media, the options are: power line, radio frequency, twisted pair, coaxial cable, infrared ray and optical fiber. It is considered that the feasible network household appliances include network refrigerator, network air conditioner, network washing machine, network water heater, network microwave oven, network cooker and so on. The future direction of network home appliances is also fully integrated into the home network.
Fourth, information appliances (3C or IA)
Information home appliance should be a kind of home appliance with low price, simple operation, strong practicability and main functions of PC. Innovative products that combine computer, telecommunications and electronic technologies with traditional household appliances (including white goods such as refrigerators, washing machines and microwave ovens). And TV sets, video recorders, stereos, VCDs, DVDs and other black household appliances. ) is a new type of household appliance designed for digital and network technology to penetrate into family life more widely. Information home appliances include PC, set-top box, HPC, DVD, super VCD, wireless data communication equipment, electronic game equipment and network TV. Audio, video and communication equipment are the main components of information appliances. On the other hand, on the basis of traditional household appliances, information technology is integrated into traditional household appliances, making them more powerful, simpler to use, more convenient and more practical, and creating a higher quality living environment for family life. For example, analog TV will become digital TV, VCD will become DVD, and refrigerators, washing machines and microwave ovens will also become digital, networked and intelligent information appliances.
In a broad sense, information appliances actually include network appliances, but in a narrow sense, we can make a simple classification: information appliances refer to small household (personal) information devices with embedded processors, which are basically connected with the network (mainly the Internet) and have some specific functions, which can be complete sets of products or auxiliary accessories. Network household appliances refer to household appliances with network operation function, which can be understood as the upgrade of our original ordinary household appliances.
Information home appliances are composed of embedded processors, related supporting hardware (such as graphics cards, storage media, IC cards or credit cards and other reading devices), embedded operating systems and software packages of application layer. Information appliances decompose some functions of PC and design them into products with stronger application and more household appliances, so that ordinary residents can step into the information age faster. They are high-performance, low-cost and easy-to-operate network tools. The emergence of information appliances will promote the rise of home network market, and the development of home network market will in turn promote the popularization and deep application of information appliances.
development opportunity
Smart home is the inevitable trend of the future development of the home field. Although marketing has just begun, the competition in the industry is already fierce. There are no fewer than five enterprises specializing in this development in Ningbo alone.
Manufacturing enterprises need to apply big data in industrial adjustment and transformation. In the future, data will become the fourth productive force to promote social progress. The market potential is huge. At the same time, the big data analysis that smart home relies on is also an important way for the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing enterprises.
design concept
The key to the development of smart home control lies in the design concept and the operator's mentality. Market target customers should carefully consider what they need and what money they earn. It is not advisable to provide a one-sided smart home solution without considering the applicability of customers, which not only reduces the application effect of smart home, but also is not conducive to the development of the whole smart home industry.
The operators of smart home control system should be guided by the concept of customer first, with the mentality of taking customer interests as the starting point, with a serious, responsible and honest attitude, truly proceed from the actual needs of customers, serve with heart, do smart home control design and solutions for customers with heart, do a good job in the project, and let customers spend the least money to get the maximum benefit. This is the way of enterprise development and the way of smart home industry development.
design principle
To measure the success of an intelligent system in a residential area, we should not only look at the number of intelligent systems, the advanced nature or integration of the system, but also look at whether the design and configuration of the system are economical and reasonable, whether the system can run successfully, whether the system is convenient to use, manage and maintain, and whether the technology of the system or product is mature and applicable. In other words, how to use the least investment, the simplest way, in exchange for the greatest efficacy, to achieve a convenient and high-quality life.
In order to achieve the above goals, the design of smart home system should follow the following principles:
First, it is practical and convenient.
The basic goal of smart home is to provide people with a comfortable, safe, convenient and efficient living environment. For smart home products, the most important thing is to take practicality as the core and abandon those flashy functions that can only be used as decoration. The products are mainly practical, easy to use and humanized.
When designing a smart home system, we should integrate the following most practical and basic home control functions according to the user's demand for smart home functions: including smart home appliance control, intelligent lighting control, electric curtain control, burglar alarm, access control intercom, gas leakage and so on. At the same time, it can also expand the value-added functions of services such as three-meter cc and video on demand. Many personalized smart homes have many control methods, such as local control, remote control, centralized control, mobile phone remote control, induction control, network control, timing control and so on. It is intended to get rid of complicated affairs and improve efficiency. If the operation flow and program settings are too complicated, it is easy for users to have rejection psychology. Therefore, in the design of smart home, we must fully consider the user experience, pay attention to the convenience and intuition of operation, and it is best to use a graphical control interface to make the operation WYSIWYG.
Second, reliability.
Every intelligent subsystem of the whole building should be able to run 24 hours, and the safety, reliability and fault tolerance of the system must be highly valued. For each subsystem, take corresponding fault-tolerant measures in power supply and system backup to ensure the normal and safe use of the system, good quality and performance, and have the ability to cope with various complex environmental changes.
Third, standards.
The design of smart home system scheme should be carried out according to the relevant national and regional standards to ensure the expansibility and expansibility of the system, and the standard TCP/IP protocol network technology should be adopted for system transmission to ensure the compatibility and interconnection of systems among different manufacturers. The front-end equipment of the system is multifunctional, open and extensible. For example, the host, terminal and module of the system adopt standardized interface design, which provides an integrated platform for external manufacturers of home intelligence systems and has expandable functions. When functions need to be added, there is no need to excavate the pipe network, which is simple, reliable, convenient and economical. The system and products selected in the design can make the system interoperate with the third-party controlled equipment developed in the future.
Fourth, convenience.
Whether the wiring installation is simple or not is directly related to the cost, expansibility and maintainability. Be sure to choose a system with simple wiring, which can be wired with residential broadband in the construction, which is simple and easy; The equipment is easy to learn, master, operate and maintain. The convenient design of the system in engineering installation and debugging is also very important. A remarkable feature of home intelligence is that the workload of installation, debugging and maintenance is very large, which requires a lot of manpower and material resources and has become a bottleneck restricting the development of the industry. In order to solve this problem, the convenience of installation and maintenance should be considered when designing the system, such as remote debugging and maintenance of the system through the Internet. Through the network, not only residents can realize the control function of the home intelligent system, but also engineers can remotely check the working condition of the system and diagnose the faults of the system. In this way, system settings and version updates can be carried out in different places, which greatly facilitates the application and maintenance of the system, improves the response speed and reduces the maintenance cost.
Five, light
"Lightweight" smart home products, as the name implies, are a lightweight smart home system. "Simplicity", "practicality" and "dexterity" are its main characteristics, and they are also the biggest differences from traditional smart home systems. Therefore, we generally call smart home products that do not need to be built and deployed, can be freely matched and combined, are relatively cheap, and can be directly sold to end consumers as "lightweight" smart home products.
According to the classification basis of the "Guidance Manual for the Classification of Smart Home System Products" issued by the Intelligent Committee of China Interior Decoration Association on April 5, 20 12, smart home system products are divided into 20 categories: [5]
Control host (centralized controller): Smart Home Control Center.
Intelligent lighting system. Intelligent lighting system (ILS).
Electrical control system. Electrical control system (EACS).
Family background music. Whole family audio (WHA).
Home theater system. Speakers, audio and video; Home theater.
Intercom system. Video door telephone (VDP).
Video surveillance. Cameras and monitors.
Theft alarm. Home alarm system.
Electronic lock access control. Door lock & access control.
Intelligent sunshade (electric curtain). Intelligent sunshade system/electric curtain.
Hvac system. Thermostat and. HVAC control.
Solar energy and energy-saving equipment. Solar energy & energy-saving products.
Automatic meter reading. Automatic meter reading system (AMR).
Smart home software. Smart home software.
Home wiring system. Cable TV company; Structured wiring.
Home network. Home network.
Kitchen and bathroom TV system. Kitchen TV & Bathroom built-in tv System.
Exercise and health monitoring. Exercise and health monitoring.
Flowers and plants are watered automatically. Automatic water adding circuit.
Pet care and animal control. Pet care and nursing. Pest control.