Admonition to the doctor: official name. In the fifth year of Yuanshou (118 BC), Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty appointed officials to admonish officials and take charge of discussions, which belonged to Guang Luxun. No capacity. During the reign of Emperor Shizu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was renamed Jianyi Dafu. In the Tang Dynasty, the left and right admonishment officials belonged to the Menxia Province and the Zhongshu Province, respectively. There were four people each, and they were in charge of serving and admonishing. In the early Song Dynasty, the system was followed, and the Admonition Court was set up at the back, which was used to admonish the officials on the left and right. It was placed along the Liao and Jin Dynasties. It was established in the early Ming Dynasty and soon abandoned. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Records of Hundred Officials II": "Admonishment to the official, six hundred stones. The original note says: None." "History of the Song Dynasty. Official Records I": "Zuo Sanqi is a regular attendant, Zuo admonishes the officials, Zuo Si Jian and Zuo Zhengyan are both in charge of admonishment and satire. Whenever there is a failure in the administration of the dynasty, whether the ministers or ministers are appointed by the right person, or when there are any mistakes in the affairs of the three provinces, they will all be corrected by admonishment. ...Same as Menxia Sheng, but the left belongs to Menxia and the right belongs to Zhongshu." Equivalent to today's Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

Secretary Province: Official signature. In the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties, the former Secretary Supervisor was renamed Secretary Supervisor, specializing in literary and artistic books. Chen and Sui followed suit. In the early Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Jian, and later changed to Lantai and Lintai. In the first year of Ruizhong Taiji (AD 712), it was changed to the Secretary Province. He was in charge of the second bureau of Taishi and Works. It was established in the Song Dynasty. Ming waste. "New Book of Tang. Annals of Hundred Officials": "Secretary Province. There is one prisoner, from the third rank; two young eunuchs, from the fourth rank; one prime minister, from the fifth rank. Supervise the affairs of classics and books." "Tongdian. "Zhiguan 8. Secretary Supervisor": "Liang said the Secretary of the Province. Chen Yinzhi, and later Wei also had it... The Secretary of the Sui Dynasty led the work, and Taishi Ercao." "Song History. Zhiguanzhi 4": "Secretary Province. Each one has a supervisor, a supervisor, a junior supervisor, and a chancellor. They are responsible for supervising ancient and modern scriptures, historical records, and astronomical calculations. The minor supervisor is responsible for this, and the chancellor takes charge of it."

Secretary Provincial School Shulang: equivalent to the proofreading of the current administrative department

Supervising National History: An official appointed by the court to be in charge of the official history compilation organization and history compilation activities. As early as

During the Tuoba Tao period of Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Situ Cuihao once "supervised the secretarial affairs" and "comprehensive management of historical affairs"

(Note: Volume 35 of "Book of Wei", "Cui Hao Biography"). The "supervising secretary" here actually supervises the compilation of national history (Note: Lei Jiaji: "History of Concepts in Medieval Historiography" Chapter 8-4 "The Sixth Century Northern Dynasties"

Official Compilation Institutional Changes and Culture", Taiwan Student Book Company, 1990 edition, page 413). When the Northern Qi

compiled the history of the country, the supervisors were called "supervisors of the history of the country". Important officials at that time, such as Gao Longzhi, Zhao Yanshen, Zu

Jue, etc., all held this position concurrently. The Northern Zhou Dynasty did not have the name of "supervising the history of the country", but minister Zhao Shanzeng "supervised the writing" (Note: "Book of Zhou" Volume 34, "Zhao Shan Biography".), which was actually supervising the compilation of the history of the country. The Tang Dynasty set up a supervisor to compile the history of the country

According to the current historical data, Fang Xuanling began to hold this position during the Zhenguan period. The specific time is slightly different in the records of various books

For example, "Zhenguan" "Political dignitaries" Volume 2 "Ren Xian" said that "(in the third year of Zhenguan), (Fang Xuanling) paid homage to Zuopushe, the minister, to supervise the compilation of national history", "Old Tang Book" Volume 66 "Fang Xuanling" "Lingzhuan"

It says: "(In the third year of Zhenguan)...next year, the acting eldest son Wuji became the minister Zuopushe, and was granted the title of Duke of Wei

and supervised the compilation of the history of the country. "According to this, the time when Fang Xuanling became the supervisor is said to be the third year of Zhenguan (

629) and the fourth year (630). However, according to "Old Tang Book" Volume 2 "Taizong Chronicles", Fang was promoted to the post

Shang Shuzuo Pushe was promoted to the post in February of the third year of Zhenguan (629), not in the "next year", so "Old Tang Book"

The records in "The Biography of Fang Xuanling" should be wrong, and the establishment of supervising the history of the country should be based on the "Zhenguan Politicians", in the third year of Zhenguan

(629). After the third year of Zhenguan (629), the establishment of supervising the history of the country was customized until the fall of the Tang Dynasty. The system of supervising the compilation of national history, as an important system of historiography in the Tang Dynasty, aimed to strengthen the authorities' control over the compilation of national history. This system is often mentioned in various historical works, but Duoyu

is unclear or may contain errors. Hereby I would like to collect relevant historical materials for review, in order to help understand this system

.

1. Responsibilities of supervising the compilation of national history in the Tang Dynasty

Supervising the compilation of national history, as the official history compilation organization and the general person in charge of history compilation activities, its specific responsibilities are not clearly stated in the history. , but judging from the relevant records, it generally includes the following contents:

First, the imperial edict was issued to introduce compilation personnel from the History Museum. During Gaozong's Xianheng period, minister Xu Jingzong presided over the compilation of national history, which Gaozong was dissatisfied with, so Liu Rengui, who supervised the compilation of national history, and others "introduced Zuo Shi Li Renshi" to take charge of it. "(Note: Volume 63 of "Tang Huiyao", "Historical Museum · Revising the History of the Country".), the publication was revised; during the Jinglong period of Zhongzong, the famous historian Liu Zhiji once entered the national history compilation institution—— According to his own words, working in the history museum is a "high mission" to supervise the compilation of national history (Note: "Shi Tong" Volume 20, "Disobedience"

.). There is the following record in Volume 64 of "Tang Huiyao" "Shi Guan Xia Shi Guan Za Lu Xia":

In April of the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (Yuanhe), the historians Fan Shen left and Wei Chuhou and Tai Chang Bo Lin Bao, and stopped editing and writing, to keep his official position. Dugu Yu, a foreign official who was responsible for the examination of meritorious services, served as a compilator in the history library and also judged the affairs of the library. Pei Bian, the minister of the Ministry of War, was also a guest of the prince. He dismissed the Prime Minister due to illness and paid homage to the Minister of War. He has not been appointed to the court for a long time.

Prime Minister Li Jifu arrived from Huainan and resumed supervising the compilation of the history of the country. There was a rift with Qian, and Qian retired due to illness, so it was not suitable for him to advance based on "Records of Zhenyuan", so all historians were dismissed. , Bian also moved to scattered ranks.

According to this, the dismissal of the original historian and the appointment of a new historian are determined by the supervision of the national history. According to "Jiu Tang Shu" Volume 14 "Xian Zong Ji 1", "Tang Hui Yao" Volume 63 "Shi Guan 1 Xiu Guo Shi" and "Ce Fu Yuan Gui" Volume 556 "Ministry of National History·Cai Zhuan 2", "Records of Dezong" were compiled into memorials by Pei Bian and others in October of the fifth year of Yuanhe (

810), and the history editors have all received awards. Rank, therefore, the events of Li Jifu recorded in this record may not be true, but in connection with Li Renshi and Liu Zhiji's history compilation and admission to the museum, what they reflect is supervised by the editor. The situation in which national history determines the appointment and dismissal of historians should be credible. Liu Zhi

Criticized the ministers who supervised the compilation of national history several times, saying that "all the people they introduced were not their talents, either for the sake of power

for promotion, or for the sake of prayer. "Recruitment and promotion" (Note: "Shitong" Volume 10, "Discrimination of Jobs".) This also shows that the introduction and promotion of the compilers of the History Museum is the responsibility of the Supervisor of National History.

Second, he is responsible for the compilation of history books. In April of the second year of Zhongzong Jinglong (708), Minister Wei Juyuan and five other people were appointed to supervise the history of the country at the same time. Liu Zhiji, who was the historian at the time, "has many supervisors, which is very beneficial to the country

p>

Historical shortcomings", angrily "asking to be dismissed from the position of historian" (Note: "Tang Huiyao" Volume 64, "Historical Museum · Shi Guan

Miscellaneous Records Part 2"), and regarding this He made severe criticisms: "The historian's annotations require more gifts to supervise the revision. Yang

Ling Gong said that it must be written directly, while Zong Shangshu said that it is better to conceal evil. If there are ten sheep and nine herders, it is difficult to carry out his orders; A country

Where should the three princes go?” Narration means that things are full of details, or they can be omitted but not written. This publication is about comparing words to things, and it is appropriate to use lead and ink to write. , Diligence and laziness must wait. A certain article should be assigned to this position; a certain ambition should be assigned to the other official. This is also the reason why the official should be clearly established and the district should be determined.

If people want to encourage themselves, then the book can be completed. Those who are in charge of it will not teach it, and those who practice it will not follow it. , Sitting becomes hot and cold, and it only prolongs the years." "Bi Zhe saw Ming Gong, and every time he was busy with persuasion and diligent in taking responsibility, he might say, "The tombs are important, work hard," or "

The order has been flooded, when will you stop?' Rewards cannot be obtained in the end." (Note: "Shi Tong" Volume 20, "Disobedience".

) Judging from these passages of

Liu Zhiji, he made specific decisions on the principles of compiling history, made appropriate division of labor arrangements for the personnel who compiled the history

, and made detailed arrangements for the process of compiling history. Implementing effective supervision and management is within the scope of responsibilities of supervising the revision of national history. It was only during the Jinglong period that there were too many supervisors and the above responsibilities were not performed well.

This led to strong dissatisfaction and harsh criticism from Liu Zhiji.

Third, the cutting is difficult. The Tang Dynasty once established a history museum in the palace as a place for compiling national history. The purpose was to "respect its duties and keep its affairs secret." However, during the Kaiyuan period of Xuanzong, the prohibition was repeatedly violated. "Zhang said he was compiling history at home, and Wu Jing was writing records in Jixianyuan", causing "the great ceremonies of the country to be scattered in several places". In response to this situation, in the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan (727), Prime Minister Li Yuanhong suggested that "Wang Le said that he should go to the History Museum to record it in detail" (Note: "Tang Huiyao" Volume 63, "History in the History Museum·Revising History Abroad" Also, the time when Li Yuanhong made the suggestion was "twenty-five years" in "Tang Huiyao", and Li Yuanhong had already passed away at that time.

, obviously wrong). Neither of the two "Tangshu Biography of Li Yuanhong" records that he served as the supervisor of the history of the country. However, according to various books, Zhang Shuo became an official from the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan (727) when he supervised the revision of the history of the country to the seventeenth year of his reign (727). 729) Prime Minister Xiao Song

was appointed to supervise the compilation of national history. During this period, there was no record of the candidates to supervise the compilation of national history. At this time, it was the term of Prime Minister Li Yuanxu

, and the one who failed was immediately Li Yuanxun, who proposed the above The suggestion is that he fulfilled his duty of supervising the compilation of national history.

During the Yongzhen period, "all the compilations by historians were kept in private records, and the original copies are not in the library." In order to correct this "deviation", Wei Zhiyi, the supervisor of the history of the country, suggested that "from now on, Fu Wang ordered the editors to write calendars individually, and every time until the end of the month , that is, in the library, the rights and wrongs will be determined in detail, and the names will be sealed with the police.

Except for those that have been recorded and published, the rest will be revised and the calendar will not be published privately." (Note: "

Tang Huiyao" Volume 63, "Historical Museum·Revising the History of the Country". Also, when Wei Zhiyi made the suggestion, "

Tang Huiyao" was written as "Zhenyuan" "Year 1", Wei Zhiyi was appointed prime minister in the first year of Yongzhen (805), "Tanghui" is wrong.) Although the revision of history outside the library to supervise the revision of national history has been repeatedly opposed, because the historians are all part-time ,

In order to ensure the continuity of historical revision, sometimes alternative measures have to be taken. This was also solved by the supervisor of the National History

For example, in the third year of Changqing (823), the historian Shen Chuanshi served as the Hunan observer. Some of the historical manuscripts he was responsible for were written by Du Yuanying, who supervised the compilation of the National History, wrote to the emperor, "Fu Wangle went to Hunan to complete the compilation." (Note: "Tang Huiyao" Volume 63, "Historical Museum: Compiling History Abroad".)

Fourth, review the historical draft. After the history books are completed, they must first be reviewed and corrected by the supervisor

before they are submitted to the emperor. For example, during the Yuanhe period of Emperor Xianzong, the historian Wei Chuhou compiled three volumes of "Shunzong Shilu". However, Li Jifu, the supervisor of the National History, thought it was "not thorough" and ordered the historian Han Yu to redo it. Han Yu and other historians

Shen Chuanshi, Yu Wenji and others "increased interviews" and "searched for imperial edicts", and finally compiled a new five-volume "Shunzong Records". Han Yu himself spoke highly of this book and believed that "it cuts out the common things and relates them to politics. Compared with the old records, it is six or seven times better than the old records. All loyal and good men and traitors must prepare books to keep track of the times." , record everything

". Even so, Li Jifu was still "cautious" and took "Shunzong Shilu" home, "wanting to study it more." (Note: Volume 8 of "Han Changli's Collected Works", "Records of Emperor Jinshunzong

".)

In addition to the above points, supervisors of national history sometimes also do it themselves During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, Xu Jingzong was appointed to supervise the compilation of the history of the country and wrote "The Chronicles of Emperor Gaozong and Biographies of Famous Officials of Yonghui and Siyi" for the history of the country.

"Also Drafting ten wills is not finished yet." (Note: "Shi Tong" Volume 12, "Ancient and Modern Official History".

)

During the reign of Emperor Xianzong, Pei Bian served as the supervisor of the history of the country and participated in the writing of "Records of Dezong", "Old Book of Tang" Volume

Historical discussions after 120 "The Biography of Guo Ziyi" From his handiwork.

2. The evolution of the system of supervising national history in the Tang Dynasty

From its initial establishment during the Zhenguan period to the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the system of supervising national history in the Tang Dynasty has evolved over the past three hundred years

Over time, it has also experienced several changes:

- The number of posts supervising the compilation of national history has changed. During the three hundred years of the Tang Dynasty, the number of posts supervising the compilation of national history in each period was not exactly the same. During Taizong's Zhenguan period, the one-prime supervising system was implemented. By the end of Taizong's reign, only Fang Xuanling was responsible for supervising the compilation of national history. "The Biography of Gao Jifu" in Volume 78 of the "Old Book of Tang" says, "In the 22nd year of Zhenguan, he moved to Zhongshu to be the official secretary. He also inspected the school and the Ministry of Officials, supervised the compilation of national history, and gave him the title of Juequan County Duke. ”

It seems that Gao Jifu served as the supervisor of the history of the country in the last years of Taizong. However, according to Volume 4 of the "Old Book of Tang", "The First Chronicle of Emperor Gaozong", Gao's appointment as Secretary of the Zhongshu Ling and the Secretary of the Ministry of Civil Affairs was in May of the 23rd year of Zhenguan (649).

After Taizong's death, therefore, Gao Zhi's appointment as the supervisor of the history of the country should also be at the beginning of Gaozong's reign.

In the early Kaiyuan period of Emperor Gaozong, Wu Zetian, Zhongzong, Ruizong and Xuanzong, there was basically a multi-phase supervision system.

That is, there were often several prime ministers supervising the history of the country at the same time. For example, in the fourth year of Emperor Yonghui's reign (653), those responsible for supervising the compilation of national history included Changsun Wuji, Yu Zhining, Chu Suiliang, Zhang Xingcheng, Gao Jifu, Liu Shi, and Lai Ji. and seven others; in April of the second year of Zhongzong Jinglong (708), five people held this position, including Wei Juyuan, Ji Chu Na, Yang Zaisi, Zong Chuke, Xiao Zhizhong; the first year of Xuanzong's Xiantian (712) ) In August, Dou Huaizhen, Liu Youqiu, Wei Zhigu, and Cui Shi were appointed to this position at the same time.

From the late Kaiyuan period of Xuanzong to the end of the Tang Dynasty, the one-phase supervision system was implemented again. But the supervision at this time

The history of the country was not held by someone for a long time as it was during the Zhenguan period, but gradually evolved into a fixed part-time job for the prime minister of a certain level

It has a status mark. This means that in Xuanzong and subsequent dynasties, the supervision of national history and regulations was concurrently held by the junior ministers. (Note: Song Minqiu of the Song Dynasty: "Records of Chunming's Retreat from the Dynasty" says on the volume: "In the Tang system, there were four prime ministers. The prime minister was the envoy of the Taiqing Palace. The next three prime ministers all had official posts. Ancestral temple taboo)

The order of the bachelor of Wenguan, the master of national history, and the master of Jixian hall is in this order. "According to relevant records

, it should actually be: the prime minister. The envoy of the Taiqing Palace was a bachelor of Hongwen Palace, and the second prime minister and third prime minister were supervisors in turn.

The imperial envoy of Xiu Guo Shi and the bachelor of Jixian Hall were not titled. Also, Mr. Zhang Rongfang, a Taiwanese scholar, believes that

What Song Minqiu said is "the situation when the history museum system was first established" in the Taizong Dynasty. According to it, the Hongwen Museum was first established in the fourth year of Emperor Wude (621), and it was called Xiuwen Museum, Taizong. In the ninth year of Zhenguan (635), it was renamed Hongwen Hall

, but there were only bachelors and no bachelors. It was later named Shuyi, and it was restored to its original name at the time of Xuanzong, Jixian Hall, Tai

There was no such name during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. In the 13th year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (725), the Jixian Hall was renamed the Jixian Hall, and the Li Zheng Hall was renamed the Jixian Hall Academy. It was much later that the National History and Jixian Hall Grand Scholars were given separate titles. For example, during the reign of Emperor Jingzong, Niu Sengru was still the same as his disciple Ping Zhangshi.

He concurrently served as the Grand Scholar of Jixian Palace and the Supervisor of the National History. During the reign of Emperor Wenzong, Jia ① also served as the Grand Bachelor of the Jixian Palace and the Supervisor of the National History. Therefore, what Song Minqiu mentioned was definitely not the history museum system during the Zhenguan period. The situation at the beginning

.

Zhang Shuojian's "Historical Museums and Historians in the Tang Dynasty" Chapter 3, Section 1 "The

Establishment and Evolution of Historical Museums", Taiwan Private Soochow University, China Academic Works Award Committee 1984 edition

, page 52; see also the article "Examining Gains and Losses, Punishing Evil and Encouraging Good", published in "New Theory of Chinese Culture, Institutions, and the Ambition of Founding a Country" edited by Zheng Qinren. "Regulations", Taipei Lianjing Publishing Co., Ltd.

1982 edition. ) Some scholars believe that the Zhaozong and Aidi dynasties in the late Tang Dynasty "returned to the system of multiple supervisions

Xiu", (Note: Chapter 3, Section 1 of "Historical Museums and Historians in the Tang Dynasty", "The Creation and Evolution of the History Museum", page 55) obviously does not understand the characteristics of the national history supervision system in the late Tang Dynasty.

——The identity of supervising the compilation of national history occasionally changes. The selection of national history is related to the honor and disgrace of those in power. Therefore, since the Northern Wei Dynasty, those who supervise the compilation of national history have always been important ministers of the country. In the Tang Dynasty, most of those who served as supervisors

revising the history of the country were prime ministers, such as the former Ju Fang Xuanling, Changsun Wuji, Yu Zhining, Gao

Ji Fu, etc. There are no exceptions, but occasionally other personnel serve, such as Linghu Defen from the Gaozong Dynasty, Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong brothers from the Wu Zhou Dynasty (Note: Regarding the appointment of brothers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong as supervisors

Revision, there is no record in the original biographies of the two "Books of the Tang", but "Tang Huiyao" Volume 63, "Historical Museum·Outside Revision

History" records that the contemporary Wu Jing was in the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726) The memorial in July said: "I went to Chang'an.

At the age of Jinglong, I worked as Zuo Shiyi and Li Lang to compile the history of the country. At that time, there were Wu Sansi, Zhang Yizhi, Zhang Changzong,

Ji Chune, Zong Chuke, Wei Wen, etc. successively supervised his duties. "Zhang Changzong and Zhang Yizhi also served as supervisors. The two Zhangs were fortunate ministers of Wu Zetian, and they served as supervisors. Xiu should also be during the period of Wu Zetian, or the Chang'an period), and Jiang Jiao of the Xuanzong Dynasty was either a great figure in history or a favored minister of the emperor, but he was not a prime minister. Wu

Sansi was appointed Minister of Spring Official Affairs when he first took charge of compiling national history in the first year of Zhengsheng (695), and was promoted to prime minister two years later. Of course, this kind of situation is extremely rare, and it all happened in the early Kaiyuan period of Xuanzong and before. After that, it disappeared and never happened again.

——The name of supervising the compilation of national history has been changed. Before Xuanzong, the title of supervising the history of the country was appropriate. When Xuanzong came to Dezong, it was renamed "the history of the country". After Dezong, the old name was restored to the end of the Tang Dynasty.

Attachment : List of supervisors of national history in the Tang Dynasty

In the Tang Dynasty, from the time of Taizong to the fall of the Tang Dynasty, many ministers served as supervisors of national history

. However, due to the lack of historical data, many of them have been lost to obscurity. Only 110 people can be known now. They are listed below in order of time:

Taizong Period: Fang Xuanling.

Gaozong period: Gao Jifu, Zhang Xingcheng, Changsun Wuji, Yu Zhining, Liu Shi, Lai Ji,

Chu Suiliang, Han Yuan, Linghu Defen, Li Yifu (note : Li Yifu served as a supervisor twice during the Gaozong period

Revising the history of the country, the first time was from July of the sixth year of Yonghui (655) to November of the third year of Xianqing (658), Chapter

The second time began in July of the fourth year of Xianqing (659). In July of the second year of Longshuo (662), Ding You resigned and resumed in September.

In April of the third year of Longshuo (663), due to Exiled for crime. ), Cui Dunli, Xu Jingzong, Liu Ren

Gui, Hao Chujun, Li Jingxuan, Gao Zhizhou, Cui Zhiwen. (Note: Volume 59 of "Old Book of Tang", "Biography of Master Xu Yu": "In the second year of Xianqing, he moved to Huangmen Shilang, the third rank of Tongzhongshumen, and also studied national history."

According to this, Zhang Rongfang believed that Master Xu Yu served as the supervisor of the history of the country in the second year of Xianqing (657), which may not be true.

According to Volume 4 of "Old Tang Book", "Gaozong Ji", Xu. He was first appointed as the third rank of Tongzhongshu in April of the fourth year of Xianqing (659). The time recorded in Xu Zhuan obviously does not match this.

According to Volume 63 of "Tang Huiyao", "Shi

Guan Shang Xiu Guo Shi", before February of the fourth year of Xianqing (659), Zhongshu ordered Xu Jingzong and others to "receive" p>The imperial edict was compiled from the 23rd year of Zhenguan to the 3rd year of Xianqing, and the actual records were compiled into twenty volumes." Master Xu Yu participated in it. At that time, his identity was probably to "concurrently study the history of the country." . Xu Chuan's records should mistakenly place "Tongzhong Shumenxiasanpin" before "concurrently studying national history". Volume 90 of Xu Zhuan in "New Book of Tang" does not contain Xu Yu

The teacher was appointed to supervise the compilation of national history, perhaps because of this. Zhang Shuo saw his book "Historical Halls and Historians in the Tang Dynasty"

Appendix 3 "Table of National History Supervised by Prime Ministers of the Tang Dynasty", page 271. )

Wu Zhou period: Wu Chengsi, Fan Lubing, Wu Sansi, Li Qiao, Zhu Jingze, Wei Chengqing, Zhang

Yizhi, Zhang Changzong. (Note: "New Book of Tang", Volume 61, "Prime Minister List": "(The First Year of the Holy Calendar

) In October of Guimao, Di Renjie was appointed as the Minister of Xia Guan, Yao Yuan Chonglintai Shaojian, the Ambassador of Hebei Province to appease him. "Revising the History of the Country"

It is known that Li Qiao, the minister of Fengge, and Luantai Pingzhang of Fengge. Based on this, Zhang Rongfang believed that Yao Chong had served as the supervisor of the history of the country during the Wu and Zhou Dynasties. Read this paragraph carefully. From the text, it can be seen that the reason why Zhang came to this conclusion is obviously because when reading the sentence, he mistakenly took "Lintai Shaojian to supervise the compilation of national history" as Yao Chong's new position

. The correct reading of the sentence should be: "In the tenth month of Guimao (the first year of the Holy Calendar), Di Renjie was the envoy of Hebei Province. ·Zhi Fengge Minister Li Qiao and Fengge Luan

Taiping Zhangshi" In addition, it should also be pointed out that there may be errors in the record of Li Qiao's original official title in this paragraph of "New Book of Tang"

, for example, according to two "Tang Shu Biography of Li Qiao", Li Qiao served as the Minister of Zhitianguan

before he became prime minister, but it is not known that he was the Minister of Fengge; before he became prime minister, he "concurrently studied national history" rather than supervised it. National History. Zhang Shuo

See Appendix 3 of his book "Historical Halls and Historians in the Tang Dynasty" "Table of National History Supervised by Prime Ministers of the Tang Dynasty", page 27

2). p>

Zhongzong period: Doulu Qinwang, Zhu Qinming, Zhang Jianzhi, Wei Yuanzhong, Yang Zaisi, Li Qiao,

Xiao Zhizhong, Wei Juyuan, Ji Chune, Zong Chuke, Wei Anshi, Tang Xiu Jing, Su Gui, Wei Wen, Zhao

Yan Zhao.

Ruizong period: Zhang Shuo, Lu Xiangxian, Cen Xi.

Xuanzong period: Dou Huaizhen and Liu Youqiu (Note: Liu Youqiu served as supervisor of the history of the country twice in August of the first year of Xiantian (712) and in August of the first year of Kaiyuan (713) . ), Wei Zhigu, Cui Shi

, Zhang Shuo, Yao Chong, Jiang Jiao, Song Jing, Su Ting, Li Yuanhong, Xiao Song, Zhang Jiuling, Li Linfu,

Yang Guozhong.

Suzong period: Li Kui, Xiao Hua.

Daizong period: Yuan Zai, Yang Wan.

Dezong period: Cui Youfu, Zhang Yi, Guan Bo, Liu Congyi, Li Mi, Qi Kang.

Shunzong period: Wei Zhiyi.

Xianzong period: Pei Bian, Li Jifu

Mu Zong period: Du Yuanying.

Jingzong period: Niu Sengru.

Wenzong period: Wei Chuhou, Lu Sui, Jia ＠①, Li Guyan, Zheng Tan.

Wuzong period: Chen Yixing, Li Shen, Li Ranyi, Zheng Su.

Xuanzong period: Zhou Qi, Cui Xuan, Cui Guicong, Linghu Gu, Wei Mo, Zheng Lang, Cui Shenyou,

Xiao Ye (Note: "Old Tang Book" "Volume 166, "Bai Min Zhongzhuan": "At the end of Huichang, Tongping Zhangshi was concurrently the Minister of the Ministry of Punishment and the Bachelor of Jixian History Museum." Zhang Rongfang believes that the "Grand Bachelor of Jixian History Museum" here is >

" That is, Jixian Dian's bachelor's degree and supervision of national history. According to the late Tang Dynasty, Jixian Dian's bachelor's degree and supervision of national history

were assigned by prime ministers. Therefore, "Jixian Dian" here "Xianshiguan University" seems to be a mistake that should be a scholar from Jixianden University

.

Of course, Bai Minzhong served as prime minister for a long time in the Xuanzong Dynasty. Before reaching the peak of this role

he was most likely to have served as a secondary prime minister. Therefore, it is not impossible for him to also serve as a supervisor of national history

But this requires more direct historical evidence. Zhang Shuo saw his book "Historical Halls and Historians in the Tang Dynasty"

Appendix 3 "Table of National History Supervised by Prime Ministers of the Tang Dynasty", page 277. ).

Yizong period: Xiahouzi (Note: Volume 83 of "Quan Tangwen" contains Yizong's "Awarding Bai Minzhong Hongwen

Guan Daxuan System", which records the Tang court's treatment of Bai Minzhong) , Xiahouzi and Jiang Shen were appointed.

The original official titles of three of them were Tejin, Shou Situ, concurrently serving as a minister, and Tongzhongshumenxiapingzhang

Zhang Shi, Doctor Yin Qing Guanglu, Minister of Shouzhongshu, concurrently Minister of the Ministry of Punishment, Tong Zhongshu Menxia Ping Zhangshi·

Grand scholar of Chongji Xian Palace and Doctor Jin Ziguanglu, Minister of Shouzhongshu· Concurrently serving as Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Tongzhong Shumen

Xia Pingzhangshi, the newly awarded official title is only Bai Minzhong, who is also the envoy of the Taiqing Palace and Bachelor of Hongwenguan, and the other two are According to the practice in the late Tang Dynasty, the prime minister served as the envoy of the Taiqing Palace, the second prime minister also supervised the compilation of national history, and the third prime minister served as the bachelor of Jixian Palace. Therefore, it can be concluded that Xiahouzi and Jiang Shen's new official titles should be Supervisor of National History and Bachelor of Jixian Palace), Jiang Shen, Du Shenquan, Cao Que, and Wei Baoheng.

Xizong period: Zheng Wei, Pei Che, Xiao Yu, Kong Wei.

Zhaozong period: Du Rangneng, Liu Chongwang, Cui Zhaowei, Xu Yanruo, Wang Tuan, Sun Xie, Cui Yin,

Lu Zhi, Lu Zhi, Pei Shu.

During the period of Emperor Ai: Dugu Sun and Cui Yuan (Note: Volume 92 of "Quan Tangwen" contains Emperor Ai's "Award to Pei Shu,

Cui Yuan and his left and right servants", according to which System, Cui Yuan's original official title included the post of supervisor of national history, Volume 20 of "Old Tang Book", "Zhao Zong Ji" also records the appointment of Pei Shu and Cui Yuan as servants, but Cui's

His original official title was only a bachelor of Jixian Palace, while another minister who was newly appointed at the same time as him, Du

Gusheng's original official title was a supervisor. The position of national history. I really don’t know how to choose between the two records.), Zhang Wenwei.