Hospitality shoes

One day, Wei Qiang and his father visited a friend's house, and he was stumped as soon as he entered the door: the host's house was carpeted and it was impolite not to change shoes. Change your shoes, your feet stink again. After returning home, Wei Qiang thought: If there is a kind of slippers, you can wear them without taking off your shoes, how wonderful it would be! Later, he was inspired by the velcro on his traveling shoes: attach velcro to the slipper, put it on when you press it, and pull it away when you lift it. Can't you adjust it if you want to be fat or thin? So he found a pair of old slippers, cut off the shoe loops, sewed on nylon buckles, and made "hospitality shoes". This little invention won the third prize in the 4th National Youth Invention Competition.

In fact, Wei Qiang's little invention just transplanted the invention of others to slippers, but it gave slippers new functions and new uses, and this little invention was novel.

2. Creativity. Creativity means that small inventions have outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress compared with the existing technology of similar products.

convenient soap box

ordinary soap boxes are packed with water, which makes the soap sticky, difficult to take out and short in life. Ping Fan, a student from Tianjin, invented the convenient soap box by using the lever principle. Open the soap box and the soap will stand up. Compared with similar products, it is more advanced in technology and won the first prize of the first national youth invention and creation competition.

3. Practicality. Practicality means that the invention can be manufactured or used and has positive effects. Small inventions should be able to be made into real objects, not just ideas or design drawings, but also to solve practical problems in production and life.

insect-proof tree skirt

Linxian County, Shanxi Province is rich in jujube, but jujube curl insects do great harm to jujube. Liu Yan carefully observed the growth and activity law of Ziziphus jujuba, and found that the female insect had to climb the trunk to mate with the male insect before damaging the leaves and fruits. He thought of a way to put a circle of hard plastic pieces around the half waist of the trunk and coat the inner layer with insecticide ointment, so that the female insects could not climb the tree. This simple and ingenious insect-proof tree skirt, with strong practicability, was welcomed by jujube farmers and won the first prize of the sixth national youth invention competition.

Of course, the completion of a small invention is not as simple as "frown, plan comes to mind", it has to go through the steps of topic selection, conceptual design, production, practical test and improvement, success and so on.

The first step in making a small invention is to determine the object of the invention and consider what problems to study. This is the topic selection. For teenagers, they should start from their familiar life reality and look for the theme of invention in schools, families and surrounding life circles. For example, when you encounter some difficulties in your study and life, you will definitely say, "If only there were something." This thing you want to invent can be used as the object of invention. However, when choosing a topic, students must combine their own knowledge level and design and production ability, and don't dream of impossible inventions.

after the genre is selected, it is followed by conceptual design. That is to say, according to the basic scientific principles and experience, the form, structure, method and implementation plan of the subject are designed. When conceiving, try to come up with as many sets of design schemes as possible, and then select the best structural scheme according to feasibility and practicability. The scheme is simple, ingenious and easy to use, and has the least shortcomings.

when the idea is mature, you can start making it. When making, we should make use of the existing conditions as much as possible and make exquisite works with little or no money. For some technical problems, you can ask teachers and parents, and sometimes you can find some relevant manufacturers to help make some parts.

after the small invention sample is completed, it needs to be tested and improved in practice. That is, take the work for a period of time, find problems in use, and solicit opinions from parents, teachers and classmates extensively to see if there are any improvements or unreasonable places. Then, the opinions from all sides are combined to improve the gizmo. Almost every excellent little invention is "modified".

at this point, you will enjoy the joy of success. Next, you can declare to participate in youth invention and creation competitions at all levels, apply for patents or contribute to newspapers and periodicals. The application documents for the competition mainly include the application form, project description and certification materials provided by the organizing Committee. Among them, the content of the project description is: how the topic of the invention was discovered, how the invention scheme was designed, and how the invention work was made. How does this invention show novelty, creativity and practicality? What is your creative contribution? Suggestions and ideas for further improving the invention. Attach appearance drawings (preferably black and white photos), structural drawings, schematic diagrams and other necessary chart materials. All small invention projects involving medical and health care products, new varieties of animals and plants and animals protected by the state must also provide certification materials from relevant departments.

scientific inventions are something that everyone can do, and it is also an interesting practical activity. As long as we carefully observe the things around us, be good at finding problems, ask questions, boldly explore and practice, and dare to break through the shackles of rules and regulations, we will make innovations and inventions.

the idea of choosing a topic for two small inventions

1. List the shortcomings and find a topic

To learn to make small inventions, you must first learn to choose an invention topic.

An important method is to start with things that are not suitable, convenient and desirable in study and life, list shortcomings and ask "What shortcomings need to be overcome?" Then look for ways to overcome the shortcomings. This method of proposing reform ideas based on the shortcomings of existing articles is called defect enumeration method, and it is also a simple and effective method to choose the topic of small inventions.

Four-purpose anti-electric shock socket

Almost every household has a power socket, but it is easy to get an electric shock, which is particularly dangerous for children, and it is very troublesome to plug it in and out. Xu Chen, a student from Shanghai, dissected several traditional power sockets and designed a "four-purpose anti-electric shock socket". This socket is equipped with two insulated valves in the sockets of ordinary sockets, and only when the plugs are inserted into two sockets at the same time can the power be connected. In this way, when a child does not pay attention to inserting a small hand or nail into any jack, he will not get an electric shock because there are two doors blocking it. This little invention won the first prize in the second National Youth Scientific Creation and Invention Competition.

improvement of air pressure water bottle

does the air pressure water bottle have shortcomings? Yes! Because its outlet pipe is directly inserted into the bottom of the bottle, the sediment at the bottom often makes the pressed water turbid every time it is pressed. Zhang Xueke, a student in Beijing, improved the barometric water bottle. He connected a rubber tube to the suction nozzle and added a plastic floating ball to the nozzle. Because the ball always floats on the water, the sediment at the bottom of the barometric water bottle will not be sucked out from the straw. The invention won the third prize in the second national youth invention competition.

enumerating the shortcomings of articles is actually finding problems, and creating inventions is precisely to solve existing problems. Therefore, every time we find a shortcoming and ask a question, we often find a topic of invention.

so, how to study and find the shortcomings?

first of all, you should always pay attention to the shortcomings or inconveniences of your daily use items, and be good at grasping an item and digging deeply. Umbrella is a common tool for sheltering from the sun and rain. It seems that there is nothing to do, but some inventors, big and small, hold on to it, and their designs are changing day by day, such as sun umbrella, double umbrella, folding umbrella, mother-child umbrella, quick-drying umbrella and astronomical umbrella. It can be seen that there are many invention themes for one thing, and the same theme can be used to form different inventions with different design schemes. Take the pen for example, it has many shortcomings, such as the cap is easy to fall off or lose, the nib is easy to be blocked, the round pen is easy to slide off the table and damage the nib, and it is invisible when writing in the field at night ... When you list as many shortcomings of an article as possible, choose one or some shortcomings as the research object according to your ability, and determine the subject of small invention.

Inflatable solar cooker Sun

can be very attractive to people, but the current solar cooker is expensive, complicated in technology, heavy (about 5 kilograms), and troublesome to adjust, which makes it inconvenient to carry in the field work and travel. On the basis of investigation and research, Lian Xin and other students in Shanghai made clear the main direction: simplifying the manufacturing process of solar cookers, reducing weight, reducing material consumption, reducing costs and obtaining maximum power. They first bonded the edges of two circular plastic films, inflated them and expanded them into a paraboloid, and then stuck vacuum aluminized polyester adhesive sheets on the reflective surface. Inflate air inward with a pump to change the gas pressure inside. With the amount of inflation, the upper transparent film bulges upward and the reflective surface is concave downward, which can achieve the purpose of automatically converging and reflecting light. This "baseless inflatable solar cooker" weighs only 4 kilograms, and is easy to disassemble and carry. It won the first prize in the Third National Youth Scientific Invention and Creation Competition.

In fact, this invention is the result of various transplants: they transplanted the technology of inflatable toys, self-adhesive patches of daily commodity trademarks and parabolic structures like convex lenses to new solar cookers, and they transplanted the knowledge of optics and hydrodynamics in textbooks to the design of solar cookers, thus successfully completing the small invention.

candle lamp

candle is a kind of lighting tool commonly used by people, but the candle flame is afraid of the wind, the candle body is not easy to fix and the brightness cannot be controlled. How to improve these shortcomings? Liu Guohong, a student from Jianli Middle School in Hubei Province, first considered fixing the candle and preventing wind. He put the candle in an iron tube and covered it with a glass cover. He thought of the fixing method of bayonet light bulb, borrowed it from the candle lamp, and installed a spring to keep the candle flame in the best center of the lampshade.

how to make a candle not cry? To solve this problem, it is necessary to continuously reduce the temperature at the top of the candle, so that the heat can be conducted and radiated to the surrounding areas. There are metal fins in front of the engine of the car. Can we also learn from the candle lamp? He drilled a big hole in the metal box of moisturizing balsam, cut the cut heat sink into the shape of a fan, punched the same big hole in the center, and welded the cut heat sink to the box (the big holes of the two should be aligned).

how to control the brightness of candle flame? Inspired by the air valve of the gas stove, he used two inner and outer sleeves with louvers to trap together (the inner ring used an iron box under the heat sink and the outer ring used a plastic ring made separately), and controlled the air flow by rotating the valve, thus realizing the desire to adjust the brightness of the candle flame. This invention can be said to be a 2 "grafting" synthesis. The lampshade is from kerosene lamps, the fixing method is from bayonet bulbs, and the heat sink is from cars.

From this, it can be seen that transplantation is a meaningful idea of invention, and students can make quite good inventions if they master it well.

The key to applying transplantation method is to broaden knowledge, understand some new technologies, and often analyze the principle and function of some articles or a certain structure. In this way, there is more information available for transplantation in your brain, and you can use it easily when you make small inventions.