Introduction
Many brands of cars have electronic stability control systems, but they are called differently by each manufacturer. For example, Volkswagen calls it ESP, Honda calls it VSA, and Toyota calls it VSC, the electronic stability control system in a broad sense is called ESC.
●What is electronic stability control system?
The automotive electronic stability control system is a new active safety system for vehicles. It is a further expansion of the functions of the automotive anti-lock braking system (ABS) and traction control system (TCS). On this basis, it adds It has a yaw rate sensor, a direction acceleration sensor and a steering wheel angle sensor when the vehicle is turning. The ECU controls the driving force and braking force of the front, rear, left and right wheels to ensure the lateral stability of the vehicle.
The system consists of three parts: sensor, electronic control unit (ECU) and actuator. The electronic control unit monitors the running status of the vehicle and intervenes in the control of the vehicle's engine and braking system. A typical automotive electronic stability control system mainly includes four wheel speed sensors, steering wheel angle sensor, lateral acceleration sensor, yaw rate sensor, brake master cylinder pressure sensor, etc. The execution part includes the traditional braking system (vacuum Booster, pipeline and brake), hydraulic regulator, etc., the electronic control unit is linked with the engine management system to intervene and adjust the engine power output.
This system mainly controls the longitudinal and lateral stability of the vehicle to ensure that the vehicle drives according to the driver's consciousness. The basis of the electronic stability control system is the ABS anti-lock braking function. This system brakes hundreds of times in one second continuously when the tires are about to lock under braking, which is somewhat similar to mechanical point braking. In this way, when the vehicle is fully braking, the tires can still ensure rolling. The rolling friction effect is better than the sliding friction effect after locking, and the driving direction of the vehicle can be controlled.
On the other hand, the system will work in conjunction with the engine ECU. When the drive wheel slips, by comparing the speed of each wheel, the electronic system determines whether the drive wheel is slipping and immediately automatically reduces the throttle air intake, reducing the The engine speed thereby reduces power output and brakes the slipping drive wheels. This can reduce slippage and maintain the most appropriate power output between the tires and the ground grip. At this time, no matter how much oil is supplied, the drive wheels will not slip.
This system ensures the lateral stability of the vehicle. When the system detects that the vehicle has understeered or oversteered through the signals of the corner sensor, lateral acceleration sensor and wheel speed sensor, the system will control single or multiple steering wheels. Each wheel is braked to adjust the body posture of the car when changing lanes or cornering, so that the car can be more stable and safer when changing lanes or cornering.
●The naming of each brand is different
What people usually call ESP is actually a registered trademark of Bosch. The correct writing should be ESP?. In the relevant ECER13H, FMVSS126 and even GTRNo.8 regulations, the electronic stability control system is called ESC, so from an academic point of view, it is only rigorous that the electronic stability control system in a broad sense is called ESC.
Currently, there are six main suppliers of electronic stability control systems in the world, namely Bosch, TRW, Denso, Aisin Seiki, Continental, and Delphi. The systems of all manufacturers are basically the same. They are all purchased from these companies and given different names. However, even the functions of the same system on different models will be different. Here we only talk about the most basic functions.
Common brands of vehicle stability system names application brands ESP Audi, Volkswagen, Suzuki, Fiat, Chrysler, Mercedes-Benz, Peugeot, Citroen, Ford (domestic), etc. VSA Honda, Acura VDC Nissan, Infiniti, Subaru DSC BMW, Jaguar, Land Rover, Mazda, MINI, etc. VSC Toyota Reiz VDIM Toyota (Crown), Lexus ESC GM (domestic models) StabiliTrak GM (imported models) ADVAnceTrac Ford Edge VSM Hyundai
Summary:
Although the names are different, the principles of the vehicle stability systems of each manufacturer are basically the same. Toyota VDIM and BMW DSC systems are slightly different from other manufacturers. The VIDM system adds intervention in the steering system, making it easier for the driver to correct the driving trajectory; the DSC system on BMW adds adjustable functions. Reduced impact on driving pleasure. In addition, the ESC system is not isolated. It can also be used as a basis to extend a series of active safety and driving convenience functions.
ESP Introduction Bosch is the first company to put Electronic Stability Program (ESP) into mass production. Because ESP is a patented product of Bosch, only Bosch's body electronic stability system can be called ESP. After Bosch, many companies have developed similar systems, such as Toyota's VSC and BMW's DSC. The full name of ESP is: (ElectronicStabilityProgram). Including ABS and ASR, it is an extension of the functions of these two systems.
The ESP system consists of a control unit and a steering sensor (monitoring the steering angle of the steering wheel), a wheel sensor (monitoring the speed of each wheel), a sideslip sensor (monitoring the rotation of the car body around the vertical axis), a lateral Acceleration sensor (monitors the centrifugal force when the car turns) and other components. The control unit uses the signals from these sensors to judge the operating status of the vehicle and then issues control instructions. The difference between cars with ESP and cars with only ABS and ASR is that ABS and ASR can only react passively, while ESP can detect and analyze vehicle conditions and correct driving errors before they happen. ESP is particularly sensitive to oversteer or understeer. For example, when a car oversteers to the left (turns too sharply) on a slippery road, it will drift to the right. When the sensor senses the slip, it will quickly brake the right front wheel to restore steering. Apply force to produce an opposite torque to keep the car in its original lane. Of course, everything has a range of degrees. If a driver blindly drives fast, no current safety device can guarantee his safety. If you still don’t understand how ESP works, you can watch the following video:
ESC
Introduction
ESC is GM’s name for the body stability control system, a subsidiary of GM Domestic models of various brands are equipped with ESC systems, such as Buick Regal and Chevrolet Malibu. There are also Ford Escape, Escape, etc. ESC (Electronic Stability Control) has the same principle and control method as the ESP system. The systems produced by Delphi and TRW are both named ESC.
The main function of ESC is to be particularly sensitive to oversteer or understeer. For example, when a car turns left and oversteers on a slippery road (turning to the right, the sensor feels too sharp), it will produce a sliding sensation. It will quickly brake the right front wheel to restore adhesion, generating a reverse torque to keep the car in the original lane.
DSC
Because the ESP name has been registered by Bosch of Germany. Therefore, electronic stability systems developed by other companies can only use other names. Such as BMW's DSC. Its performance is similar to the ESP of the German Bosch Company. It can ensure the stability of the vehicle and ensure the traction of all wheels when starting or accelerating. It can detect the first signs of oversteer or understeer, and DSC will take action to prevent the vehicle from drifting.
VSC
Introduction
VSC’s full name is VehicleStabilityControl, which is Toyota’s name for the body stability control system. As the vehicle's auxiliary control system, VSC can control sideslip caused by hard steering or slippery road surfaces. When the sensor detects sideslip of the vehicle, the system can automatically control the braking of each wheel and the engine power.
VSC can monitor the vehicle dynamic information provided by various sensors at any time while the vehicle is driving to understand the current status of the vehicle. When the vehicle body slips and the sensor information is different from the smooth driving data, the system determines that the vehicle is slipping, automatically intervenes in the vehicle's control, and uses the accelerator and brake controllers to correct the vehicle's dynamics. Since all skidding phenomena are caused by part of the wheel exceeding the adhesion capacity that the wheel can carry, the VSC system developed for the skidding problem can provide a high standard of active safety.
When the grip of the front or rear wheels reaches the limit, the stability of the car's steering will be greatly affected. When the vehicle is turning, if the front wheel reaches the grip limit first, it will cause understeer. At this time, the driver cannot reduce the turning radius no matter how hard he turns the steering wheel, making it difficult to follow the vehicle and leading to steering failure. And if the rear wheel reaches the adhesion limit first, it will cause a drift phenomenon and the vehicle itself will become unstable. The VSC system brakes different wheels independently to generate corresponding rotational torque on the vehicle to avoid head pushing or tail flicking.
In order to suppress the sideslip of the front wheel, the rear wheel is first braked to produce an inward rotational movement, and then the four wheels are braked to reduce the vehicle speed to a certain level to balance the rotational movement. Steering takes place within the range of cornering forces. When the rear wheel slips, the outer front wheel is braked to produce an outward rotational movement to ensure the stability of the car.
VSA
Introduction
VSA is the English abbreviation of VehicleStabilityAssist. It is the name of Honda and Acura for the electronic stability control system. Its function and principle are the same as ESC. , allowing the car to be more stable and safer when changing lanes or cornering.
VSM
Introduction
VSM is South Korea's Hyundai name for the electronic stability control system. Its function is the same as ESC, but Hyundai manufacturers call it VSM. The VSM vehicle stability control system combines the two systems of ESC and MDPS (modern name for electric power steering system). According to the road conditions and ESC working status, the correct power is applied to the steering wheel through MDPS.
PSM
Introduction
PSM is Porsche’s name for the body stability control system. Its full name is Porsche Stability Management (PSM). Even when the dynamic performance is close to It can also keep the vehicle stable at the extreme limit. Sensors continuously monitor the vehicle's direction, speed, yaw rate and lateral acceleration. PSM can use this information to calculate the actual driving direction at any given time. If the vehicle begins to oversteer or understeer, PSM selectively brakes the wheels to restore stability.
VDIM
Introduction
VDIM is the abbreviation of VehicleDynAMIcsIntegratedManagement. It is the vehicle dynamic integrated management system on Toyota Crown and Lexus cars and belongs to the electronic stability control system. kind of. The principle is to integrate the existing separately controlled functions such as ABS, TRC and VSC into a system for unified control, so that the car has advanced functions such as ideal sports performance and high active safety at the same time.
The VDIM system obtains data from many sensors placed in every key corner of the car to grasp driving information such as wheel speed, braking resistance and body movement.
The vehicle dynamic integrated management system integrates the application of multiple stability and safety systems, such as anti-lock braking systems, electronic brake force distribution systems, traction control systems, vehicle stability systems, electronic power steering systems, etc. It can realize independent operation of all functions in a single setting. Incomparably the best.
For example, a car is prone to sideslip when turning on a slippery road. At this time, by controlling the engine output power and braking control, the slip can be controlled, and through active steering coordination control, VGRS can The variable gear ratio steering system will control the front wheel steering angle to keep the vehicle stable.
StabiliTrak
Introduction
StabiliTrak is another way GM calls the vehicle electronic stability control system. In fact, it is basically similar to the principle of ESC. Generally, this name is commonly seen on imported general-purpose vehicles, such as GMC cars, imported Cadillacs, etc.
AdvanceTrac
Introduction
ADVANceTrac? with anti-rollover stability control technology is the name of Ford's electronic stability control system technology. The system includes ABS anti-rollover stability control technology. Locking system, traction control system (TCS), electronic stability control system (ESC), anti-rollover stability control system (RSC?), this system can effectively avoid vehicle skidding and rollover, and comprehensively protect the driver's safety Safety.
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