2065438+On March 26th, 2009, the Ministry of Finance and other four ministries and commissions issued the Notice on Further Improving the Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles, which took effect on March 26th.
New energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hydrogen engine vehicles and other new energy vehicles.
Folding pure electric vehicle
Blade electric vehicle (BEV) is a vehicle that uses a single battery as a power source for energy storage. It uses the battery as the power source of energy storage, and provides electric energy to the motor through the battery to drive the motor to run, thus promoting the car to run.
Advantages:
Relatively simple and mature, as long as there is electricity supply, you can charge.
Disadvantages:
The energy stored per unit weight of the battery is too little, and because the battery of the electric vehicle is relatively expensive, it does not form an economic scale, so the purchase price is relatively expensive; As for the use cost, some trial results are more expensive than cars, and some results are only 1/7~ 1/3 of cars, mainly depending on battery life and local oil and electricity prices.
Folding hybrid electric vehicle
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) refers to a vehicle whose drive system consists of two or more single drive systems that can run at the same time. The driving force of the vehicle is provided by a single driving system or by a plurality of driving systems according to the actual driving state of the vehicle. Due to different components, layout and control strategies, hybrid electric vehicles have many forms.
Advantages:
1. After adopting hybrid power, the maximum power of internal combustion engine can be determined according to the average required power. The engine is relatively small and works under the best working conditions of low fuel consumption and less pollution. Because the internal combustion engine can work continuously and the battery can be charged continuously, its journey is the same as that of an ordinary car.
2, because of the battery, it is very convenient to recover kinetic energy when going downhill.
3. In busy urban areas, the internal combustion engine can be turned off and driven only by batteries to achieve "zero" emissions.
4. With the internal combustion engine, it is convenient to solve the high energy consumption problems such as air conditioning, heating and defrosting encountered by pure electric vehicles.
5, you can use the existing gas station to refuel without investment.
6, can keep the battery in good working condition, without overcharge and overdischarge, prolong its service life and reduce the cost.
7. Because there are multiple power sources, the whole vehicle can work at the same time, and the dynamic performance of the whole vehicle is excellent.
Disadvantages:
The system structure is relatively complex; The fuel saving effect of long-distance high-speed driving is not obvious.
Folding fuel cell electric vehicle
Fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is an automobile driven by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the air under the action of catalyst. Fuel cell electric vehicle is essentially a pure electric vehicle, and the main difference lies in the different working principles of power batteries. Generally speaking, a fuel cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reaction, and the reductant required for electrochemical reaction generally adopts hydrogen and the oxidant adopts oxygen. Therefore, most of the earliest developed fuel cell electric vehicles directly use hydrogen fuel, and hydrogen can be stored in the form of liquefied hydrogen, compressed hydrogen or metal hydride.
Advantages:
1, zero emission or near zero emission.
2. The water pollution caused by oil leakage is reduced.
3. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
4. The fuel cell conversion efficiency is high (about 60%) and the fuel economy of the whole vehicle is good.
5, smooth operation, no noise.
Disadvantages:
Fuel cells are expensive, and the use cost (hydrogen) is also expensive.
Folding hydrogen engine car
A hydrogen engine car is a car driven by a hydrogen engine. The fuel used by general engines is diesel or gasoline, and the fuel used by hydrogen engines is gaseous hydrogen. Hydrogen engine car is a kind of vehicle that really realizes zero emission. It emits pure water, which has the advantages of no pollution, zero emission and abundant reserves.
Advantages:
The emission is pure water, which does not produce any pollutants when driving.
Disadvantages:
The cost of hydrogen fuel is too high, so it is very difficult to store and transport hydrogen fuel according to technical conditions, because hydrogen molecules are very small and easily escape through the shell of the storage device. In addition, the most fatal problem is that extracting hydrogen requires electrolysis of water or the use of natural gas, which also consumes a lot of energy. Unless nuclear power extraction is used, carbon dioxide emissions cannot be fundamentally reduced.
Folding supercapacitor car
Advantages:
Short charging time, high power density, large capacity, long service life, maintenance-free, economic and environmental protection.
Disadvantages:
Because of its low energy density, it is difficult to meet the demand of the whole vehicle, so it is generally used as an auxiliary accumulator; Power output decreases with the increase of mileage, etc.
Fold other new energy vehicles
Other new energy vehicles include vehicles using high-efficiency energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and flywheels. At present, in China, new energy vehicles mainly refer to pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles, and conventional hybrid electric vehicles are classified as energy-saving vehicles.