1. Putonghua is written into the "Constitution of the People's Republic of China"?

Answer: In 1982, the "Constitution of the People's Republic of China": "The state promotes Mandarin as a common language throughout the country."

2. In what year was the "Law on the Common Spoken and Written Chinese Language" promulgated and implemented?

Answer: It was promulgated on October 31, 2000 and implemented on January 1, 2001.

3. What is the country’s common spoken and written language?

Answer: Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters.

4. The "Law of the National Standard Spoken and Written Language" stipulates that under what circumstances should the national standard spoken and written language be used as the basic language?

Answer: ①Words used in radio, movies, and television; ②Words used for facilities in public places; ③Words used on signboards and advertisements; ④Names of enterprises and institutions; ⑤Words used for goods sold within the country Packaging, instructions.

5. Under what circumstances does the National Standard Spoken and Written Language Law stipulate that traditional Chinese characters and variant characters can be retained or used?

Answer: ① cultural relics; ② variant characters in surnames; ③ calligraphy, seal cutting and other artistic works; ④ handwritten characters in inscriptions and signboards; ⑤ need to be used in publishing, teaching, and research; ⑥ approved by the State Council Special circumstances approved by the department.

6. What are the basic educational and teaching terms used in schools and other educational institutions?

Answer: Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters.

7. What is Mandarin?

Answer: Mandarin is the synonym of the modern Han nation with Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, Northern dialect as the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular works as the grammatical standard.

8. What are standard Chinese characters?

Answer: Standardized Chinese characters refer to traditional Chinese characters, simplified characters and unsimplified inherited characters that have been organized and simplified and officially announced by the state in the form of a character list.

9. From what year and when will the State Council stipulate the national promotion week of Mandarin?

Answer: Since 1998, the third week of September every year has been the Putonghua Promotion Week.

10. Who is the spokesperson for the National Putonghua Publicity Week?

Answer: CCTV host Wang Xiaoya and famous actor Wang Gang.

11. How can Mandarin be popularized?

Answer: After Mandarin became the "campus language", "working language", "propaganda language", "communication language", etc., it was basically popularized.

12. Which positions should use Mandarin as the working language?

Answer: Teachers, civil servants, announcers, program hosts, film and television actors.

13. What are the grade standards for the Mandarin proficiency test?

Answer: Mandarin proficiency is divided into three levels. Each level is further divided into two levels: A and B, and finally three and six levels.

14. What is the legal basis for promoting Mandarin?

Answer: Article 19 of the "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" stipulates: The state promotes Mandarin that is commonly used throughout the country. Many laws such as the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional Ethnic Autonomy" and the "Education Law of the People's Republic of China" have proposed the promotion and use of Mandarin. More importantly, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language came into effect on January 1, 2001. This is my country's first specialized law on spoken and written language. It stipulates the legal status of Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters as the country's common spoken and written language, and restricts the use of the national common spoken and written language by state agencies, schools, news media and public service industries. Clear provisions were made.

15. What is the 12-character policy for the promotion of Mandarin in my country in the new era?

Answer: Vigorously promote active popularization and gradually improve it

16. The state promotes universal use Putonghua does not mean to eliminate dialects. Dialects will exist for a long time in certain fields and designated areas. Putonghua and dialects will be in a process of continuous integration and enrichment. Is this correct?

Answer: Yes

17. At which meeting was the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language" passed?

Answer: Yes Adopted at the 18th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress.

18. At which meeting was the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language" passed?

Answer: It was adopted at the 18th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress.

19. What rights do citizens have under Article 4 of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language?

Answer: Citizens have the right to learn and use the country’s common spoken and written language.

20. What are the official words used by our country’s state agencies?

Answer: It is Mandarin and standard Chinese characters.

21. Our country is a multi-ethnic country. What is the relationship between the languages ??of each ethnic group, Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters?

Answer: The state adheres to the basic principle and policy of equal status of the spoken and written languages ??of all ethnic groups.

22. Which department must approve the use of dialects for broadcasting?

Answer: Approval by the Radio and Television Department of the State Council or the provincial radio and television department.

23. What is the spelling and phonetic notation tool used in the national common language?

Answer: Use the "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" as a tool for spelling and notation.

24.What is the "Chinese Pinyin Plan"?

Answer: The "Hanyu Pinyin Plan" is a set of spelling letters and spelling rules for spelling Mandarin in my country, which was reviewed and approved by the Professional Committee of the State Council and approved by the National People's Congress. It is a unified standard for the Roman alphabet spelling of Chinese names, place names and Chinese documents, and is used in areas where Chinese characters are inconvenient or cannot be used.

25. What are the principles for formulating the "Chinese Pinyin Plan"?

Answer: ① Principle of internationalization: The letters use the internationally accepted Latin alphabet. ②Principle of phonemicization: Use phonemes to describe syllables. ③ Standard pronunciation principle: Beijing pronunciation is the standard pronunciation.

26. When was the "Chinese Pinyin Plan" announced?

Answer: On February 11, 1958, the Fifth Session of the First National People's Congress adopted and issued the "Chinese Pinyin Plan".

27. When does the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the National Standard Spoken and Written Language" stipulate that the teaching of Chinese Pinyin should be started?

Answer: Chinese Pinyin should be taught in primary education.

28. What is the supervision and management department of the national common language work?

Answer: The Language and Writing Department of the State Council.

29. What is the language and writing department of the State Council?

Answer: It is the National Language Working Committee, currently located in the Ministry of Education.

30. What is the regulatory authority for company names, product names and advertising terms?

Answer: The industrial and commercial administrative department of the people's government at or above the county level.

31.Which department promulgated the standards for the Mandarin proficiency test?

Answer: The Language and Writing Department of the State Council.

32. Which department is responsible for examining and approving the translation of foreign names, place names and other proper nouns and scientific and technical terms into the national common language?

Answer: The language and writing department of the State Council or other relevant departments

33. What should be done if the language is not used in accordance with the national common language norms and standards?

Answer: If the language is not used in accordance with the norms and standards of the national common language, citizens can make criticisms and suggestions. Relevant units shall criticize and educate those directly responsible; if they refuse to make corrections, the relevant units shall take action.

34. What should be done if the facilities, signboards, and advertisements in urban public places violate regulations?

Answer: The relevant administrative departments will order corrections. Those who refuse to make corrections will be given a warning and urged to make corrections within a time limit.

35. How to deal with those who interfere with others’ learning and use of the country’s common spoken and written language?

Answer: The relevant administrative departments will order corrections within a time limit and give a warning.

36. The use of the national common spoken and written language should achieve three "benefits". What do these three "beneficial" refer to?

Answer: It is conducive to safeguarding national sovereignty and national dignity, conducive to national unity and national unity, and conducive to the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization.

37. Are variant characters in surnames allowed to be retained or used?

Answer: Allowed.

38. Are traditional Chinese characters allowed in surnames?

Answer: Not allowed.

39. Is it allowed to use variant characters for the "name" in the name?

Answer: Not allowed

40. What level of Mandarin must the announcers, hosts and actors have to be?

Answer: It must not be lower than level one.

41. At what level must the Putonghua proficiency of teachers at all levels and types be lower than?

Answer: No less than Level 2.

42. What level of Mandarin proficiency must a Chinese teacher reach?

Answer: You must reach Level 2A.

43. What level of Mandarin should a civil servant’s proficiency level not be lower than?

Answer: It shall not be lower than Level 3A.

44. What are the main responsibilities of local language and writing departments at all levels?

Answer: Local language departments at all levels manage and supervise the use of the national common spoken and written language within their own administrative regions.

45. What are the management channels for illegal activities that violate the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language"?

Answer: There are three management channels: first, collective management by the society, second, management by the unit where the person responsible is located, and third, management by relevant administrative departments.

46. What are the responsibilities of the personnel administration department in supervising and managing the social application of the national common spoken and written language?

Answer: The personnel administration department supervises and manages the language used by state agencies.

47. What are the responsibilities of the education administration department in supervising and managing the social application of the national common spoken and written language?

Answer: The education administration department manages and supervises the use of language and words used in education and teaching in schools and other educational institutions, and includes the standardized and standardized use of the national common language in learning supervision, inspection, evaluation and assessment. content.

48. What are the responsibilities of administrative departments such as radio and television, press and publication, communications, and information industry for the supervision and management of the social application of the national common spoken and written language?

Answer: Administrative departments such as radio and television, press and publication, communications, and information industries supervise and manage the use of words in radio, television, publications, the Internet, and information technology products.

49. What are the responsibilities of the industrial and commercial administration departments for the supervision and management of the social application of the national common spoken and written language?

Answer: The industrial and commercial administrative department supervises and manages the wording of enterprise names, product names, trademarks, and advertisements and signboards.

50. What are the responsibilities of the civil affairs administrative department in supervising and managing the social application of the national common spoken and written language?

Answer: The civil affairs administrative department supervises and manages the wording of place names, social groups and private non-enterprise unit names.

51. What are the responsibilities of the health administrative department for the supervision and management of the social application of the national common spoken and written language?

Answer: The health administrative department supervises and manages the terminology used by medical institutions and medical personnel.

52. What are the responsibilities of the public security organs in supervising and managing the social application of the national common spoken and written language?

Answer: The public security organs manage and supervise the names of citizens in resident ID cards and household registration books.

53. If the words used in advertisements and signboards violate the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language", which department will impose penalties?

Answer: Penalties shall be imposed by the industrial and commercial administration departments at or above the county level

54. Any words used in advertisements or signboards that violate the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language" shall be punished How to deal with those who refuse to correct?

Answer: Those who refuse to make corrections will be ordered to dismantle within a time limit and fined not more than 10,000 yuan.

55. If the relevant departments fail to perform their duties of supervising and managing the social application of the national common spoken and written language, which department will punish it?

Answer: Penalties shall be imposed by the Language and Writing Work Committee of the local people's government at or above the county level.

56. What are the three basic measures to promote Mandarin?

Answer: The basic measures for promoting Mandarin include: "Goal management, quantitative evaluation", "Putonghua proficiency test" and "National Promotion of Mandarin Publicity Week".

57. What is the basic idea of ??promoting Mandarin?

Answer: The basic idea of ??promoting Mandarin is to take schools as the basis, with party and government agencies as the leader, radio and television and other news media as examples, and the public service industry as the window to drive the promotion of the whole society. Popularize Mandarin.

58. Name a few laws and regulations that you know about the promotion of Mandarin?

Answer: Article 19 of the "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" stipulates: The state promotes Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country; Article 3 of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language" stipulates : The state promotes Mandarin and standardizes Chinese characters. "Education Law of the People's Republic of China", "Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China", "Regulations on Illiteracy Elimination", "Regulations on Kindergarten Management", "Patriotic Education Implementation Guidelines", "Oriented to 21 Century Education Revitalization Action Plan and other programs have proposed to promote the use of Mandarin.

59. What is the goal of our country’s language and written work in the new era?

Answer: The goal of our country’s language and written work in the new era is: before 2010, Mandarin will be It has been initially popularized nationwide, the social application of Chinese characters has been basically standardized, the application scope of Chinese Pinyin has been further expanded, and an effective management system for Chinese information processing has been established.

60. What policies should government departments at all levels adopt to rectify the confusion in word usage in society?

Answer: Government departments at all levels should adopt a resolute, steady and step-by-step approach. Rectify the confusion in word usage in society.

61. How many levels are there in the Language Standardization Demonstration School?

Answer: National model school, provincial model school and municipal model school.

62. How many dialects are there in Chinese?

Answer: There are seven major dialects of Chinese, namely: ⑴ Northern dialect; ⑵ Wu dialect; ⑶ Gan dialect; ⑷ Hunan dialect; ⑸ Min dialect; ⑹ Cantonese dialect; ⑺ Hakka dialect.

63. In Chinese history, is there any precedent for the government to standardize Chinese characters? If so, please explain in detail.

Answer: In Chinese history, Qin Shihuang’s policy of “writing with the same text” was the earliest example of the government sorting out and standardizing Chinese characters.

64. What is the standardization of Chinese characters?

Answer: The standardization of Chinese characters is based on the comprehensive, systematic and scientific arrangement of current Chinese characters to achieve the "four characteristics" of current Chinese characters. "Ding" means quantification, shaping, pronunciation, and order.

65. What are modern Chinese common characters?

Answer: The scope of modern Chinese common characters is larger than that of common characters. It refers to the publishing and printing, dictionary compilation and Chinese character information of a period. Process the required Chinese characters. In 1988, the "Modern Chinese Common Character List" released by the State Press and Publication Administration and the State Language Commission included 7,000 characters. The universal character list also stipulates the glyph structure, number of strokes and stroke order of Chinese characters.

66. What are non-standard Chinese characters?

Answer: The so-called non-standard Chinese characters refer to the variant characters that have been eliminated, the simplified traditional Chinese characters, the abolished "two simplified characters" and typos and other characters.

67. What is the standard writing style of Chinese characters?

Answer: Write horizontally (from left to right, first up and then down); write vertically (from top to bottom, first right then left).

68. What are commonly used characters in modern Chinese?

Answer: Commonly used characters in modern Chinese refer to characters that are frequently used and must be mastered to read newspapers, periodicals and books. In 1988, the "List of Commonly Used Modern Chinese Characters" released by the State Language Commission and the State Education Commission included 3,500 characters.

69. What is the relationship between Mandarin and the "Hanyu Pinyin Plan"?

Answer: Mandarin uses Beijing phonetic pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, and the written standard for expressing the Beijing phonetic system is the "Hanyu Pinyin Plan". Article 18 of the "National Standard Spoken and Written Language" stipulates that "the national standard spoken and written language uses the "Hanyu Pinyin Scheme" as a spelling and phonetic notation tool."

70. What policies does the state implement towards the languages ??of various ethnic groups?

Answer: All ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages. The use of ethnic minority languages ??is implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Constitution, the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law and other laws.

71. How do schools and other educational institutions teach Mandarin and standardize Chinese characters?

Answer: Chinese language courses

72. Can traditional Chinese characters and variant characters be retained or used in calligraphy, seal cutting and other artistic works?

Answer: Yes

73. Does the new version of "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" and "Modern Chinese Dictionary" use two word search methods?

Answer: Phonetic sequence search method, radical search method

74. What is the general trend in the evolution of Chinese character form?

Answer: From complexity to simplicity

75. Some countries in Asia once used Chinese characters. Which countries are still using or partially using Chinese characters?

Answer: Japan, South Korea, Singapore.

76. When was the "Basic Rules for Chinese Pinyin Orthography" promulgated?

Answer: 1988.

77. Currently, several of the 142 constitutions in the world stipulate the national language or official language.

Answer: 79.

78. What is Mandarin generally called in Taiwan?

Answer: Mandarin.

79. There is an age limit for teachers and state civil servants to meet the Mandarin standard. There are no rigid requirements for teachers and state agency staff who were born before that year, but they must also be encouraged to practice in teaching and Mandarin is used in official activities.

Answer: Born before January 1, 1954.

80. An emperor of the Qing Dynasty issued an edict in 1728 AD requiring officials at all levels to speak Mandarin (the common language at the time) in official speeches. Who was this emperor?

Answer: Emperor Yongzheng.

81. Mandarin uses Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation and Northern dialect as the basic dialect. What is the grammatical standard?

Answer: A typical modern vernacular work.

82. What is the most active and fastest-growing part of Mandarin?

Answer: Vocabulary.

83. Mandarin uses Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation. What does it mean?

Answer: The phonetic system of Beijing dialect.

84. In 1986, the "General List of Simplified Characters" approved by the State Council for re-publication included how many simplified characters. Is it the current unified standard for simplified characters?

Answer: 2235.

85. In which year did newspapers across the country implement horizontal writing?

Answer: January 1, 1956.

86. In addition to the basic set and the second and fourth auxiliary sets of "Modern Chinese Common Character List", "Modern Chinese Common Character List", and "Chinese Coded Character Set for Information Exchange", the current specifications What else is the main basis for Chinese characters?

Answer: "General List of Simplified Characters", "First Batch Variant Character List", "Unified Character List for Some Measurement Unit Names"

87. "Chinese Pinyin Plan" is Which department approved it on February 11, 1958.

Answer: National People's Congress.

88. In which year did the International Organization for Standardization pass a resolution to adopt Chinese Pinyin as the international standard for spelling words about China.

Answer: August 1982.

89. What should the user do when using the Pinyin input method to input Chinese characters on a computer?

Answer: Master standard Mandarin, correctly read standard Chinese characters and use Chinese Pinyin.

90. The first pinyin scheme to use Roman letters to spell Chinese, and also the first Chinese pinyin scheme in the history of our country, who formulated it?

Answer: Italian missionary Matteo Ricci.

91. What is the earliest form of Chinese characters in China?

Answer: Oracle.

92. Which writing font is still in use today and has become the longest-used standard font for Chinese characters?

Answer: Regular script.

93. Is Mandarin the same as Beijing dialect?

Answer: Mandarin is developed based on Beijing dialect. However, Mandarin is not equal to Beijing dialect. That is to say, Mandarin does not include the native words, dialects and dialects in Beijing dialect. This shows that Mandarin is actually the standardized spoken form of modern written Chinese.

94. How to learn Mandarin pronunciation?

Answer: ① Learn some pronunciation knowledge; ② Study carefully and imitate deliberately; ③ Work hard to remember the correct pronunciation of some common words

; ④ Be a thoughtful person anytime and anywhere; ⑤Train repeatedly and practice boldly.

95. What is the theme of the 11th National Promotion Week?

Answer: Build a harmonious language life and create a spiritual home for the world.

96. In a few areas with complex dialects, especially in rural areas, should the Putonghua proficiency requirements for teachers and related graduates be relaxed accordingly?

Answer: Yes, their Mandarin proficiency can be temporarily relaxed to no less than Level 3A.

97. According to the State Language Commission, when will the goal of initial popularization of Mandarin throughout the country and basic standards for the application of Chinese characters in society be achieved?

Answer: 2010.

98. What organization issues the Putonghua proficiency certificate?

Answer: It is issued by the language committee office of the province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government).

99.What are the four tones of Mandarin?

Answer: The four tones of Mandarin Chinese refer to the four tones of Yinping, Yangping, rising tone and falling tone.

100. Where should the tone marks be marked?

Answer: Tone symbols should be marked on the main vowels

101. What is "three inclusions and one penetration"?

Answer: The so-called "three inclusions and one penetration" require schools to "incorporate the requirements of popularizing Mandarin into training goals, into management routines, into basic skills training for teachers, and penetrate into moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and social practice, etc." in various educational activities.”

102. What irregular words are prohibited in social terms?

Answer: ⑴ Traditional Chinese characters that have been simplified; ⑵ Variant characters that have been eliminated; ⑶ Self-made simplified characters, characters in the "Second Chinese Character Simplification Plan (Draft)" that has been abolished; ⑷ Have been eliminated The old fonts; ⑸The changed fonts for uncommon place names and old translated measurement unit names.

103. Who first proposed the term "Putonghua" in which year?

Answer: Zhu Wenxiong first proposed it in 1906.

104.What are phonemes?

Answer: Phoneme is the smallest unit of speech. Divided into two categories: consonants and vowels. Phonemes are the building blocks of syllables. A syllable can be composed of one phoneme or several phonemes.

105.What is public holiday?

Answer: The phenomenon of borrowing words with the same or close pronunciation to replace words in ancient classics.

106.What is a syllable?

Answer: The syllable is the natural unit of speech that is easiest to distinguish auditorily and is the basic unit of speech structure.

107. How many phonemes are there in Mandarin?

Answer: 32.

108. How many vowels and consonants are there in Mandarin?

Answer: There are 10 vowels and 22 consonants.

109. Which department decides whether to evaluate a municipal model school?

Answer: It is decided by the provincial education administration department and language department.

110. What should be the spelling unit when using Chinese pinyin to spell Mandarin?

Answer: The spelling unit should be "word".

111. In which year are the simplified characters based on the "General List of Simplified Characters" published?

Answer: Based on 1986.

112. In which year was the "Punctuation Compliance with Usage" released and included in the national standards of the People's Republic of China?

Answer: 1995.